1.

“it”用法小结

“it”这个单词看起来虽然很简单，但是其用法很重要也很复杂。现“it”将用法做以小结，供大家参考。

一 用作人称代词

1通常指人以外的生物和事物。

E.g. ---Have you seen my pen? -----你看见我的钢笔了吗？

---Yes. It is on my desk.. -----看见了，他在我的课桌上。

2有时可用来代指婴孩。

E.g. A baby can’t walk or talk. It should be taken good care by its parents.

婴孩不会走路也不会说话，必须由父母照看好。

二．用作指示代词

1 相当于this或that.

E.g. ---What’s this? ---这是什么？

---It’s a book. ---它是一本书。

---Whose exercise book is that? 那是谁的练习本？

---It’s hers. ---他是她的。

2当不知道对方是谁的时候，用“it”来代替

e.g. （Someone is knocking at the door.）

---Who is it? ---谁呀？

---It’s the postman. ---是邮递员。

3代表前面提到的某件事。

E.g. I had a talk with my teacher. It was very helpful.

我同老师谈了一次话，这次谈话对我很有帮助。

4 “it”还可以指时间，距离和自然现象等。

E.g. ---What time is it now? ---现在几点了？

---It is half past eight. ---8:30了。 （指时间）

It is three kilometers from my home to school. 从学校到我家十三千米的路程。（指距离）

---How is the weather? ---今天天气怎么样？

---It is sunny. ---今天晴天。 （指天气）

It is very noisy at that moment. 那时乱哄哄的。 (指环境）

三. 用作先行代词。

1. it用做形式主语。当主语是动词不定式，动名词或者主语从句时，为了避免头重脚轻，常把主语放在谓语动词之后，而把"it"放在主语的位置做形式主语。放在谓语动词之后的主语才是真正的主语。 1代替不定式短语。 □

E.g. It is necessary for us to learn a foreign language. 对于我们来说，学一门外语是很重要的。

It is easy to be wise after the event。 当事后诸葛亮是容易的。

2代替动名词。 □

It is not easy being a guest in a different culture. 在不同文化的地方做客是不容易的。

It is good fishing in troubled water. 浑水之中好摸鱼。

3代替主语从句。 □

It is strange that nobody knows where he lives. 没人知道他住在哪里真是很奇怪。

It doesn’t interest me whether you come or not. 你是否来我并不感兴趣。

2 it做形式宾语。当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式，动名词或宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补语后面。而把it放在宾语的位置做形式宾语。放在宾补后面的宾语是真正的宾语。

□1代替动词不定式。

I found it very necessary to study English. 我发现学习英语很必要。

Buses make it easy to get to the place. 公共汽车使到达这个地方很容易。

2 代替动名词。 □

I think it no use telling them. 我认为告诉他们没用。

I consider it foolish meeting him. 我认为去见他是愚蠢的。

3代替宾语从句。 □

I think it important that we should keep quite in class. 我认为我们在课堂上保持安静是重要的。 They want to make it clear that they are doing an important job.他们想弄清楚他们正在做一项很重要的

工作。

四 it用于强调句型中。

当我们要强调句中的某一部分时（一般是主.宾.状），通常用“It is +被强调部分+that(who)+句子其余部分。

□1 强调主语。

E.g. It was Tom who had a fight just now. 刚才是汤姆打了一架。

2 强调宾语。 □

E.g. It is the game that I love best. 他就是我最喜欢的游戏。

3 强调状语。 □

E.g. It was yesterday that I bought the book.. 我是在昨天买的这本书。

It is the city that I met him. 这就是我遇见他的那个城市。

 

第二篇：IT用法小结

It用法小结

王婷婷

It的用法复杂多变，现对it的用法小结一下。

1. It 用作人称代词：It可用代词，作人称代词，指前面已经提到过的事物，动物或人，在句中作主语或宾语．

例如：1）. He bought a dictionary and gave it to me.(指代物品the dictionary)

2）. Don’t think any more about it.(指代事件）

3）. ---Who is that ?

--- It’s me. Open the door, please.(指代人）

2. It 用作非人称代词：It 也用作非人称代词，常常用作句子主语，表示天气，日期，时间，温度，距离等．

1）.It was raining when I left the office. ( 表示天气)

2）.It is February 14th today.( 表示日期)

3）.It is an hour’s walk from my home to the school. (表示距离)

IT在表示时间时要注意以下的一些句式：

① It be … since ...该句型主句中的 it 指时间,主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。

It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died.

It was 5 years since I had enjoyed myself so much.

It is ( has been ) 5 years since I smoked.

②It be ... when ...该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当……的时候，是……”。

It was 5 o'clock when he came here.

③It be ... before ...该句型主句中的 it 指时间, 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为“……之后……”“过多久....才...”。

It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.

It will be not long before he finishes his job.

④It is time ( about time , high time ) that ... 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，① 常用过去时态表示虚拟．② 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省。常译为“是（正是）……的时侯……”。

It is time that children should go to bed.

= It is time that children went to bed.

⑤It is the first ( second … ) time that …该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的

that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中 that 可以省去；it 有时用 this 替换，常译为“是第一（二）……次……”。 It is the first time I have been here.

= This is the first time I have been here.

3. It作形式主语

替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，为避免“头重脚轻”，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。

It 作形式主语的常见句型：

1）. 替代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为

① It be adj. (for∕of sb.) to do sth. 常见的形容词有：

important, necessary, natural ,easy, safe, common, normal, hard, difficult, dangerous, unusual, impossible, pleasant,foolish,clever,brave,kind,wise 等。

② It takes sb. sometime to do sth.

2） 替代作主语的动名词的常见句型：

It’s no good/ no use / useless doing…

3). 替代作主语的从句常见句型

①It is + noun(a pity, a shame, no wonder) +从句

②.It is adj. +clause

③It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do

(verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know,suggest,demand,request,order等）如果为表示命令，建议，要求的词，则从句要用虚拟语气，及shoule+v.（should可省）

④It verb (to sb.) that…= sb/sth verb to do

(verb = appear, seem, happen, occur, turn out 等)

⑤It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause

It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that…

4.It作形式宾语

当不定式、动名词、that 从句作宾语，又有自己的宾语补语时，要用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语后置。能够用于形式宾语句型的动词有think, make, find, consider, feel, take，suppose,keep等。如：

Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.

The fisherman made it a rule that he never cast his net more than four times a day.

We think it necessary reading aloud every morning to improve our English.

以下的动词在接宾语从句时需要先加it再接从句：hate,like,dislike,love,appreciate,enjoy,prefer等。

eg. I would appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.

I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.

I like it in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.

5.It 用在强调句型中

①It is + 被强调部分 + that ... 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that 之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，或状语。强调的对象是人时,可用who, whom, that,其余情况一律用 that;当强调对象在从句中做主语时用who, that,当强调对象在从句中作宾语时用whom ,that如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。

It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday.

It was in the street that I met her father.

②.强调对象是疑问词

Why is it that you want to leave so soon?

③. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ...该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语 “直到……才……”，可以说是 not ... until ... 的强调形式。

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.

= I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.