定语从句总结教师、学生

一,定语从句

用来修饰,限定主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可以说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子被称为定语从句。

二,限定性定语从句

如果先行词在从句中充当主语或宾语时,就要用关系代词来引导定语从句。用来引导定语从句的关系代词有:who, whom, that指人;which, that代替事物;代替人或物的所有格用whose.

(一)关系代词 that, who

1. That, who用来指人,在从句中用作主语或宾语,可以互换使用;that也可以用来指

物,但是不能用who指物。

2. 关系代词who, that在从句中做宾语时,常可省略。

3. 关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。

All the students who come into the room need to take off their shoes.

4. 一般说来,人们倾向于用who指人,用that指物,尤其在口语中。

(二)关系代词which, that

但不能用which。

(三)关系代词whom, whose

1. Whom, whose指人,whom是who的宾格,whose是所有格,分别在从句中作宾语

和定语。

2. Whom在非正式文体中可省略,也可用that或who代替

3. Whose是who和which的所有格,可指人,也可指物或动物。

4. 当whose用来指物时,whose=the+名词+of which/of which + the+ 名词

The book whose cover is broken is yours.= the book the cover of which is broken is yours.

5. 当whose用来指人时,whose=the +名词+of whom/of whom+the+名词

I have seen that girl whose glasses are broken before.=I have seen that girl the glasses of whom are broken before.

(四)关系代词which, whom

1. which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语。

2. 介词一般放在which,whom之前,也可以放在从句的原位。若是从句中的谓语是

含有介词的动词短语,则介词只能放在原来的位置上,介词不能提前,固定动词短语一般不拆分(look into, look for)。 3. 人只能用whom, 不能用who/that, 指物只能用which, 不能用that。而且,whom或which不能省略。

4. 介词不能前置时,口语中或非正式文体,在从句中作介词宾语的关系代词常常可以

省略。I have found the book (that/which)he is looking for.

(五) that, which, who引导限制性定语从句时的用法区别

1.

2. 3.

The first book that I read last term was an English novel.

4. 饰时,只能用that而不用which, who, whom引导从句。 5. They are talking about the singers and songs that they like best.

6. 能用that或who。

This is the man to whom I spoke just now.

7. (六)关系代词but(准关系代词), what(复合关系代词)

1. But 作为关系代词常与具有否定或疑问意义的主句连用,其引导的从句修饰的先

行词多是否定意义的,but=who……not, which…….not或that…..not, 意为“无不,没有不,谁不”

Generally speaking, there is no one but(who not) loves their parents in the world.

There is no rule but has exceptions.

There is no rule that has not exceptions.没有任何规则是没有例外的。

There is no one but knows about this affair

There is no one who doesn’t know about this affair. 没有一个人不知道此事。

There are few dictionaries but have a misprint or two.

There are few dictionaries that don’t have a misprint or two. 几乎每本词典都有一两

个印刷错误。

2. What 引导定语从句时,即可指人也可指物,指人时what=the person(s) that, 指物

时what=the thing/all/everything that.

3. 主句和从句中作相应的成分。

A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do.

4. This is exactly what I wanted.

不说this is the book what I want.

应该说 this is the book that I want/ this is what I want.

(七)关系代词as

1. As 即可指人也可指物,多与such, the same 连用,构成such…..as, the same….as

的结构

2. Such….as 意思为:“诸如……..之类的”, as在从句中可作主语,宾语或表语。

Such people as were mentioned by him were honest. (as作主语)

We have such grape as you never saw. (as作宾语)

I’ve never seen such a clever man as he is.(as 做表语)

3. The same …..as意思为:“与…..相同的”, as在从句中可作主语,宾语或表语。

Modern statesmen are often faced with the same problem as defeated the ancient

Romans.(as 作主语)

I like the same book as you do. (as作宾语)

4. As…..as

As many children as came were given some cakes .所有来的孩子都得到了蛋糕(as

做主语)

He is as diligent a man as ever lived. (as做主语)

He was telling the kids as funny a story as he did last time(as 做宾语)

注:such…..as(诸如----之类的)与such…..that(如此-------以至于)的区别。Such….as引导定语从句,such….that引导结果状语从句

They talked in such simple English as children could understand. 他们用孩子们能听懂的简单英语交谈

They talk in such simple English that children could understand. 他们十分简单的英语交谈,连孩子们都能听懂。

I will provide you with such things as you may need.我要供给你一些你可能用得着的东西。 He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke.他如此用力的关门,结果玻璃碎了。 是同一物。

This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.

这个书包和我昨天丢失的相似(相似物)

This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.

这正是我昨天丢失的那个书包。(同一物)

(八) 关系代词在从句中做主语时的主谓一致

1.

2. “保持一致;否则,从句谓语用复数。

Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who are working in China.

3. What在从句中作主语,从句谓语一般用单数,或与主句表语保持一致。

4. 成员时,从句谓语用复数形式。

The class which is in the next room is Class 5.

The family who live upstairs are all model workers.

(九) 关系副词

1. 2. 先行词是表示时间的名词,但在从句中作动词remember, spend, take, forget等动

词的宾语时,用that或which引导从句。

3.

4. 当先行词是表示地点的名词,但在从句中作动词visit, forget, remember, build等

动词的宾语时,用that或which而不用where引导从句。

5. 当先行词是case, situation, chair, circumstance等名词,表示从句主语处于某种状

况,境地,或阶段时,用where引导从句。 in the shop.

He’plane. expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.

(十) 关系副词why, that

1. 2. 先行词是reason但是在从句中作某些动词如explain, remember, forget等的宾语

时,不能用why引导从句,这时要用that或which引导从句。

3. That有时可用作关系副词,代替where, when或why引导从句,并且可以省略。

4. 词。

(十一) 关系副词和关系代词的选择

三,非限定性定语从句

(一) 关系代词as, which引导修饰句子的定语从句,代表整个主句或主句的一部分。 AS 引导的句子,代表整个主句或主句的一部分(不能指代某个名词或代词)。

As is known to all, he is the best student in our class. As 指代整个句子,作主语 He opposed the idea, as could be expected. As 指代整个句子,作主语

Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part of China. As指代整个句子。

主句具有否定意义,AS引导的定语从句放在主句之后时,as 指代的主句不包括否定意义,可用but 取代。

Insects do not have bones, as people have./but people have bones.

Whales are not fish, as some people think/but some people think they are.

1. As 放在句首时,As指代的主句仍包含否定意义。

As has been said above, grammar is not a set of dead rules.

正如前面所说的,语法不是一套死条文。

2. Which 引导的句子, 代表整个主句或主句的一部分,不能用that替换。

The sun, which had been hidden all day, now came out in its splendor.

We were given a lovely double room, which had a sea view.

3. 主句前,也可以放在主句之后。

As (正确) is often the case, he is absent

Which (错误) is often the case, he is absent.

He saw the girl, as he has hoped./which he had hoped..

4.

5. 从句是被动语态时,多用AS引导从句。

6. 从句谓语是know, see等时一般用as

7. As可用于the same….as, such ,……as机构中,which 不能

8. Which=and that意味“这一点”,当从句是否定的,从句谓语是系表结构或者从句

的宾语是复合结构时多用which引导从句。

 

第二篇:定语从句总结

定语从句总结专练

一、如何选择引导词?

1. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. A. which B. who C. where D. whom

2. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _____ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. A. which B. who C. where D. what

3. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ______ help I would never have got this far.

A. who B. whose C. whom D. which

4. Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.

A. which B. that C. when D. where

5. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks.

A. when B. which C. where D. while

二、注意点:

1) 只用that不用which的情况

1. All _________glitters is not gold. 2. He told me everything _________that he knew.

3. It is the very novel _________ I have ever read.

4. Australia is the only country _________t is also a continent.

5. This is the most interesting film _________that I’ve ever seen.

6. Do you know the things and persons_________ they are talking about?

7. Which is the bike _______you lost? 8. Shandong is no longer the province ________ it used to be. 2) 定语从句中which与as的比较

1. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, ________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood. A.where B.which C.what D.when

2. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 20xx, ________ made one of the Chinese people's long-held dreams come true. A.it B.that C.what D.which

3. There is no simple answer, ________ is often the case in science.

A.as B.that C.when D.where

4. We have launched another man-made satellite, ________ is announced in today's newspaper.

A.that B.which C.who D.what

3)定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的比较

1. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ________ they live.

A.what B.which C.when D.where

2. That evening, ________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.

A.that B.which C.what D.when

①This is the factory __________ I worked last year. This is the factory __________I visited last year. ②I will never forget the day __________ I worked with them.

I will never forget the day I spent with them.

③This is the reason __________ he was absent from school.

This is the reason he explained for his absence from school.

4) “介词+定语从句”中介词的选择及其后关系词的选择

1. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ____had taken more than three years.

A.for which B.with which C.of which D.to which

2. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ________ help I would never have got this far.

A.who B.whose C.whom D.which

3. Gun control is a subject________Americans have argued for a long time.

A.of which B.with which C.about which D.into which

5)定语从句与强调句的比较

1. It was with the help of the local guide ________ the mountain climber was rescued.

A.who B.that C.when D.how

2. —_______that he picked up French?

—It was in 20xx_______he traveled in France.

A. Was it when; that B. When was it; that C. Was it when; when D. When was it; when

3. It was in the garden of his old house ______ he grew up ______ he dug up a pot of gold.

A. that; that B. where; where C. that; where D. where; that

6) 定语从句与并列句的比较

1. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ________ are family members.

A.them B.that C.which D.whom

2. She brought with her three friends, none of _________I had ever met before.(定语从句)

3. She brought with her three friends, and none of _________ I had ever met before.(并列句)

7)定语从句与同位语从句的比较

1. The notice came around two in the afternoon________ the meeting would be postponed.

A.when B.that C.whether D.how

2. We all have heard the news ___________our team won. (同位语从句)

3. We don’t believe the news ____________he told us yesterday. (定语从句)

8)定语从句与状语从句的比较

1. Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected.

A.when B.which C.whose D.where

2. Everything was placed exactly ________ he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.

A.while B.when C.where D.though

3.Please make a mark __________you don't understand while reading.(状语从句)

4. Please make a mark in the place _________you don't understand while reading. (定语从句)错题回做:

1.The doctor was very impolite to the patient, _______ of course, made things even worse.

A. who B. which C. whom D. What

2.The reason _____he gave for being late was____he overslept this morning.

A.why;that B.which;that C.why; because D.which;because

3.The Great Pyramid is such a famous place of interest in the world, ________was built in ancient times in Egypt,________ every tourist likes to visit.

A.which;that B.which;as C.as;which D.that;which

4.This is Mr. Smith,_____ I think has something interesting to tell us. A. who B. whom C. that D. /

5.—Have you ever seen the TV programme Dad, Where Are We Going?

—Yes. It’s the best programme______ I have seen in the past few months.

A.which B. where C. when D. That

6.Who can think of a situation _____ this idiom can be used. A. which B. that C. where D. in that

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