高考语法考点汇总

【专题一】冠词、名词

【考情分析】

1.冠词在高考中的考查重点:

冠词虽小,只有a,an和the三个,但却是历年各地高考必考语言点之一。就考查题型而言,以单项选择为主,有时在完形填空和短文改错中出现。

2.名词在高考中的考查重点:

一般在单项选择以及完型填空和短文改错中出现, 绝大多数是考查名词词义辨析, 名词和表示数量词结合的考查, 以及主谓一致的考查以及在具体语境中的理解和应用也将占有一席之地。

【专题二】代词

【考情分析】

代词在高考中的考查重点:

1.人称代词主格与宾格的用法;

2.名词性和形容词性物主代词的用法;

3.反身代词的用法;

4.指示代词this, that, these, those的用法;

5.表示两者和多者的不定代词的比较;

6.some,any的用法辨析;

7.each, every的用法辨析;

8.(a) little,(a)few, a bit的用法辨析;

9.替代词it, that, (the) one(s), those的用法辨析;

10.another, (the) other(s), else; the rest的用法辨析;

11.every-,some-,any-,no-与thing,-one,-body构成的复合不定代词的用法。

【专题三】形容词和副词

【考情分析】

1.形容词、副词的作用与位置;

①多个形容词作定语排列的顺序

②enough作修饰成分时的位置问题及形容词作后置定语

③形容词作伴随状语和原因状语

2.表语形容词的特点及连系动词+形容词作表语;

3.形容词、副词比较等级的用法;

①原级的用法

②比较级的用法

③最高级的用法

④形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况

⑤由as/so组成的形容词或副词短语

⑥more /less than及其相关结构

4.容易混淆的形容词、副词的区别。

【专题四】介词和连词

【考情分析】

介词:1. 常用介词表示时间、地点、空间位置关系的用法;

2. 固定搭配中的介词。

连词:1. 区别简单句、并列句和复合句;

2. 状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句中常见连词的意义和用法。

【专题五】动词和动词短语

【考情分析】

动词及短语动词在高考中的考查重点:

1.系动词的比较;

2.动词和短语动词的习惯用法和意义辨析(高考的重中之重)。

【专题六】动词的时态和语态

【考情分析】

动词时态和语态在高考中的考查重点:

1.对下列十种时态的考查:

一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 过去完成时 将来完成时 过去将来时

2.既考查时态又考查语态;

3.考查动词的及物与不及物;

4.考查主动形式表示被动意义;

5.考查动词词组在被动语态中的介词问题;

6.对被动语态习惯句型的考查。

【专题七】定语从句

【考情分析】

定语从句在高考中的考查重点:

1.that与which引导的定语从句的区别;

2.who、whom与whose引导的定语从句的区别;

3.关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句的区别;

4.对“as”引导定语从句的考查;

5. such…as与such…that的区别;the same…as与the same…that的区别;

6.对“介词+关系代词”的考查;

7.the way 作先行词时,定语从句的引导词作状语用in which ,that 或者省略;

8.含有插入语的定语从句;

9.与并列句、状语从句、同位语从句以及与强调句型的混合考查。

【专题八】状语从句

【考情分析】

状语从句在高考中的考查重点:

1.when, while, as引导时间状语从句的区别;

2.名词词组the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time等用作连词,引导的时间状语从句;

3.before,和since引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型;

4.till和until的用法;

5.although, though, as以及even if, even though引导让步状语从句的用法;

6.结果状语从句中“so…that”与“such…that”的区别;

7.条件状语从句unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing等引导词的用法;

8.“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”引导从句的用法;

9. in case引导的状语从句;

10.where引导的状语从句;

11.once引导的状语从句。

12.unless引导的条件状语从句

13.与祈使句、定语从句、名词从句、倒装句以及与强调句型的混合考查。

【专题九】名词性从句

【考情分析】

名词性从句在高考中的考查重点:

1. that和what引导名词性从句的区别;

2.名词从句的语序和时态;

3. it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况;

4.宾语从句的否定转移;

5.whether和if的用法区别;

6.what在名词性从句中的使用;

7.doubt后的名词性从句的使用;

8.Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别;

9.连接词that的省略;

【专题十】非谓语动词

【考情分析】

1.不定式的时态和语态;

2.不定式的功能:不定式的形容词性功能、不定式的副词性功能、不定式的名词性功能;

3.不定式的省略;

4.不定式的否定形式;

5.不定式的搭配形式;

6.独立主格结构;

7.v-ing分词名词性功能;

8.v-ing分词形容词性功能;

9.v-ing分词副词性功能;

10.过去分词与现在分词一般式的区别;

11.过去分词与现在分词主动完成式的区别;

12.过去分词与现在分词一般被动式的区别;

 

第二篇:中考英语语法难点汇总

中考英语语法

中考英语语法难点汇总

介词

I. 要点

1、介词和种类

(1) 简单介词,常用的有 at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without 等。

(2) 复合介词,如 by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of 等。

2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系

(1) 和动词的搭配,如 agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about 等。

(2) 和形容词的搭配,如 afraid of, angry with, different from, good at 等。

(3) 和名词的搭配,如 answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to 等。

3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语,这种修饰语通常有 right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely 等少数几个副词。如:

He came right after dinner.

He lives directly opposite the school.

4、 某些介词的意义与用法举例

(1) at, on, in (表时间)

表示时间点用 at,如 at four o'clock, at midnight 等;表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用 at,如 at that time, at Christmas 等。

指某天用 on, 如 on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用 on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst 等。

指长于或短于一天的时段用 in,如 in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999 等。

(2) between, among (表位置)

between 仅用于二者之间,但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时,也用 between, 如

I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.

The village lies between three hills.

among 用于三者或三者以上之间。如:

He is the best among the students.

(3) beside, besides

beside 意为"在……旁边",而 besides 意为"除……之外"。如:

He sat beside me.

What do you want besides this?

(4) in the tree, on the tree

in the tree 指动物或人在树上,而 on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上

(5) on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way

on the way 指在路上 in the way 指挡道

by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法

(6) in the corner, at the corner

in the corner 指在拐角内 at the corner 指在拐角外

(7) in the morning, on the morning

in the morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨

(8) by bus, on the bus

by bus 是一般说法 on the bus 特指乘某一辆车

II. 例题

例1. Do you know any other foreign language ____ English?

A. except B. but C. beside D. besides

解析:A、B两项 except 等于but,意为"除了……",C-beside 意为"在……旁边",不符合题意。而D-besides, 意为"除了……之外,还有"。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为:除了英语外,你还知道别的语言吗?

例2. He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.

A. on B. at C. in D. during

解析:我们均知道,at night 这一短语,但如果night前有修饰词,表具体的夜晚,则要用介词 on 来修饰,故该题正确答案为A。

例3. I'm looking forward ____ your letter.

A. to B. in C. at D. on

解析:该题正确答案为A。look forward to 为固定搭配,意为"期望、盼望"。

连词

I. 要点

1、 连词的种类

(1) 并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句,如 and, for, or, both … and, either … or, neither … nor 等。

(2) 从属连词用来引导从句,如 that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as 等。

除了从属连词(引导状语从句)外,还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性从句),关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从句)。

2、 常用连词举例

(1) and 和,并且

They drank and sang all night.

(2) both … and 和, 既……也……

Both my parents and I went there.

(3) but 但是,而

I'm sad, but he is happy.

(4) either … or 或……或……, 要么……要么……

Either you're wrong, or I am.

(5) for 因为

I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.

(6) however 然而,可是

Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.

(7) neither … nor 既不……也不

Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.

(8) not only … but (also) 不但……而且……

He not only sings well, but also dances well.

(9) or 或者,否则

Hurry up, or you'll be late.

Are you a worker or a doctor?

(10) so 因此,所以

It's getting late, so I must go.

(11) although 虽然

Although it was late, they went on working.

(12) as soon as 一……就……

I'll tell him as soon as I see him.

(13) because 因为

He didn't go to school, because he was ill.

(14) unless 除非,如果不

I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.

(15) until 直到……

He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬间动词用于 not … until 结构)

He stayed there until eleven.

(16) while 当……时候,而 (表示对比)

While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while 后不可用瞬间动词)

My pen is red while his is blue.

(17) for 因为

He was ill, for he didn't come. (结论是推断出来的)

(18)s ince 自从……

I have lived here since my uncle left.

(19) hardly … when 一…… 就

I had hardly got to the station when the train left.

(20) as far as 就…… 来说

As far as I know, that country is very small.

You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)

II. 例题

例1. John plays football ____, if not better than, David.

A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as

解析:该题意为:John 踢足球如果不比 David 好的话,那也踢得和 David 一样好。 和…一样好为 as well as. 故该题正确答案为B.

例2. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.

A. when B. where C. which D. while

解析:该处意为"然而",只有 while 有此意思,故选D。

例3. Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?

A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise

解析:该处意为"或者",正确答案为C。

动词时态、语态

I. 要点

1、 一般现在时

(1) 表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态,常与 sometimes, always, often, every day 等时间状语连用。如:Sometimes, we go swimming after school.

(2) 表示客观真理、科学事实等。如:The earth goes round the sun.

2、 现在进行时

(1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作,常与 now, at present 等时间状语连用。如: What are you doing now?

(2) 和 always, continually 等连用,表一种经常反复的动作,常含有某种情感。如: He is always doing good deeds.

3、 现在完成时

主要表示动作发生在过去,对现在仍有影响,或动作一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去,常与just, already, so far, once, never 等词连用。如:Have you ever been to Beijing?

4、一般将来时

表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与 tomorrow, next year 等连用。如: I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.

We're going to see a film next Monday.

5、一般过去时

表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态,常与 yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago 等词连用。如:It happened many years ago.

6、过去进行时

表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如:

What were you doing this time yesterday?

7、过去完成时

表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如:

The train had already left before we arrived.

8、一般过去将来时

表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如:

He said he would come, but he didn't.

9、被动语态 被动语态的时态,以 give 为例。

时/式 一般 进行 完成

现在 am is given are am is being are has been given have

过去 was given were was being given were had been given

将来 shall be given will shall have been given will

过去将来 should be given would should have been given would

II. 例题

例1. I learned that her father ____ in 1950.

A. had died B. died C. dead D. is dead

解析:该题正确答案为B。从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前,但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in 1950, 所以不用过去完成时态,而用一般过去时态。 例2. The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents.

A. is looked B. has looked for

C. is being looked for D. has been looked

解析:该题正确答案为C。在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中,介词不能省,否则就变成了不及物动词短语,而不能用于被动语态的句子中。

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