英语三大从句

主语从句用作主语，如：：

That the earth is round is true. 地球为圆的是真实的。

宾语从句用作宾语。如：

Do you know where he lives?

表语从句用作表语，如：

My opinion is that you should not go alone. 我的意见是你不应单独前往。

同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。如：

The fact that the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的的事实是真实的。（that从句用于解释说明

the fact）

定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。如：

The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.

状语从句相当于一个副词，如：

When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. 天下雨时，我通常坐公共汽车上学。（时间状语）

If he comes tomorrow, you will see him. 如果他明天来，你就可以看见他。（if 引导的条件状

语从句，其结构为：if +状语从句，＋主句）。要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”，

即主句是将来时，则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。

主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。谓语动词前面

的部分是主语，后面常接宾语，修饰谓语动词的是状语，修饰主语、宾语的是定语，若谓语

是系动词，则系动词后的部分是表语。如：

I am a teacher. 其中，I 是主语，am是谓语，a teacher 是表语。

He likes playing football very mucy. 其中，he是主语，likes是谓语，playing football是宾语，

very much是状语。

名词性从句

名词性从句有四类：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。例如：

宾语从句：I don’t know where he will go.

主语从句：Where he will go is unknown.

表语从句：The problem is how we can get so much money.

同位语从句：We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.

下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的：

1． whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意，（即引导宾语从句时if和whether

可以互换）但以下几种名词从句要用whether（不用if）引导：

（1） 引导主语从句，且在句首时。例：Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但

It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).

（2） 引导表语从句时。例The problem is whether he can get a job.

（3） 引导同位语从句时。例：I have no idea whether he will come.

（4） 介词后的whether从句。例：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.

2． 位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。

例如：That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.

3． 在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…＋

that从句”结构中，that从句谓语有时用（should）do这样的虚拟语气形式。

例如：It is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us.

It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all one′s life.

It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings（缺点）.

4． 在“The reason why…is that…”句式中that不要误为because.

例如：The reason why he didn′t go to school yesterday is that he was ill.

5． 名词从句中that,what用法比较：

引导名词从句的that是连词，在句中无成份，无意义，而what是连接代词，what＝the

thing(s) that.

例如：It was told in yesterday′s newspaper that what the students had done was praised

by the factory.

I know that he will study.

I know what he will study.

That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.

What he works hard at is known to us all.

All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(＝the person that)he

used to be.他和以前大不相同了。

6． where在名词从句中的使用特点：

where在名词从句中有时可以变为“the place where”,有时可以变为“介词＋the place where”

形式。例如：

主从：Where(＝The place where)she has gone is still unknown.

宾从：Would you please tell me where(＝the place where) Mr Smith lives?

表从：Your dictionary remains where(＝in/at the place where)you put.

同位从：Have you any idea where(＝of the place where) she is spending her holidays?

7． 无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序。例如：

I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is.

当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序（即“主＋谓＋（宾）”或“主＋系＋表”结构），将其变

为间接引语（即宾语从句）时，无需改变语序。例如：

What′s the matter with him? She asked me what was the matter with him.

Who looks after your grandfather? He asked me who looked after my grandfather.

形容词性从句

定语从句

一、 定语从句与引导词

定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词，

而引导定语从句的词叫引导词，有关系代词和关系副词两类。

懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。

1． 关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语，whose

作定语。代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,whose.例如：

The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人，在定语从句中作主语)

That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人，在定

语从句中作宾语，可省略)

I′m not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人，在定从中作表语)

A dictionary is a useful book which(＝that) tells us the meaning of words(which

或that代物，在定从中作主语)

2． 关系副词有：when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。

例如：Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)

The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.

注意：不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从，不是表地点的先行词都用where引导定从。

例如：We′ll visit the factory which(＝that) makes radios.

(which或that在定从中作主语，where不可用主语，故不可用)

They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.

(which或that在定从中作spent的宾语，when不可作宾语，故不可用)

二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代

词；非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句

子。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。非限制

性定语从句例：Li Ping′s father, who works in a factory, is an engineer./He tore up my photo,

which made me very angry.(which指代主句内容，因前后两句是因果关系，此时which不可换

为as。)

He is good at physics, as is known to us all.＝As is known to us all, he is good at physics.(as指代

主句内容，在as is known/believed, as we all know/believe这类结构中as不可换为which)

三、 只用that引导和不用that引导的场合

1． 只用that引导和不用that引导的场合

1） 当先行词既包括人又包括物时：He talked about the men and the books that attracted

him.

2） 指物的先行词被any, every, only, very, all, no等修饰时：These are the very points that

interest me./That′s the only watch that I like most.

3） 指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：The first step that we are to take is very

difficult./This is the second card that he gave me.

4） 先行词是指物的不定代词 all, little , few , much,及everything , anything , nothing等时：

There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got everything that you need?

5） 先行词是who时：Who that have seen him does not like him?

2． 不用that的场合如下：

1）非限制性定语从句中 Last night ,I saw a very good film ,which was about the Long

March .

2）介词放在关系代词之前时 This is the man from whom I learnt the news

3）句中出现了that，或先行词是that时 I have found that which I was looking for.

副词性从句

状语从句

时间状语从句：

When Susan goes to town, she will visit her grandma.. 苏珊每次进程，总要去看望她奶奶。

地点状语从句：

I will go where I am needed. 哪里需要我，我就到哪里去。

方式状语从句：

I have changed it as you suggest. 我已经按照你的建议作了改变。

原因状语从句：

Mary didn’t go shopping because I advised her not to. 玛丽没有去购物，因为我劝她不要去。

目的状语从句：

They worked hard in order that they might succeed. 他们努力工作，以便能够获得成功。

结果状语从句：

Waste must be treated so that it does not become a danger to life. 废物必须进行处理，这样它才

不会成为危害生命的东西。

条件状语从句：

If he works hard, he will surely succeed. 如果努力工作，他肯定会成功。

让步状语从句：

Though we are all different, we need never be separate.