高中英语语法总结大全之虚拟语气

虚拟语气

1） 概念

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。

2） 在条件句中的应用

条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

真实条件句

真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。

时态关系

句型： 条件从句主句

一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形

If he comes, he will bring his violin.

典型例题

The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.

A.will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained

答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。

注意：

1） 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.

(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.

(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.

2） 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。

非真实条件句

1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。

a.同现在事实相反的假设。

句型 ： 条件从句主句

一般过去时should( would) +动词原形

If they were here, they would help you.

b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。

句型： 条件从句主句

过去完成时should(would) have+ 过去分词

If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.

The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.

If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.

If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.

含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.

If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress. 含义： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.

c.表示对将来的假想

句型：条件从句 主句

一般过去时should+ 动词原形

were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形

should+ 动词原形

If you succeeded, everything would be all right.

If you should succeed, everything would be all right.

If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.

混合条件句

主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。

If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.

（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）

If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).

虚拟条件句的倒装

虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。

Were they here now, they could help us.

=If they were here now, they could help us.

Had you come earlier, you would have met him

=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.

Should it rain, the crops would be saved.

=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.

注意：

在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。

If I were you, I would go to look for him.

如果我是你，就会去找他。

If he were here, everything would be all right.

如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。

典型例题

_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.

A. If were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I

答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.

特殊的虚拟语气词：should

1） It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。

句型：

(1)suggested

It is(2)importantthat…+ (should) do

(3) a pity

(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required,demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do

(2)important, necessary, natural, strange

a pity,a shame,no wonder

(3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.

2）在宾语从句中的应用

在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。

order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.

注意： 如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。

The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.

判断改错:

（错）You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.

(对)Your pale face suggests that you are ill.

(错)I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.

(对)I insisted that you were wrong.

3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用

在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。

My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.

I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

wish的用法

1）用于wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：

I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。

He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。

I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。

2）Wish to do表达法。

Wish sb / sth to do

I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager.

I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)

比较if only与only if

only if表示"只有"；if only则表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用于陈述语气。 I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。

If only the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响了，就好了。

If only he comes early.但愿他早点回来。

It is (high) time that

It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。

It is time that the children went to bed.

It is high time that the children should go to bed.

need"不必做"和"本不该做"

didn't need to do表示： 过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。.

needn't have done表示： 过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。

John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。

John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家，没有遇上John的车。)

典型例题

There was plenty of time. She ___.

A. mustn't have hurriedB. couldn't have hurriedC. must not hurryD. needn't have hurried 答案D。needn't have done. 意为"本不必"，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。 Mustn't have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done, "不可能已经"。 must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）

 

第二篇：高中英语语法总结大全之虚拟语气

高中英语语法总结大全之虚拟语气

虚拟语气

概念

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。

2） 在条件句中的应用

条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

真实条件句

真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。 时态关系

句型： 条件从句主句

一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形

If he comes, he will bring his violin.

典型例题

The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.

A.will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained

答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。

注意：

1） 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. (错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.

(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.

2） 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。

非真实条件句

1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。

a.同现在事实相反的假设。

句型 ： 条件从句 主句

一般过去时 should( would) +动词原形

If they were here, they would help you.

b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。

句型： 条件从句 主句

过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词

If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.

The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.

If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.

If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.

含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.

If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.

含义： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.

c.表示对将来的假想

句型：条件从句 主句

一般过去时 should+ 动词原形

were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形

should+ 动词原形

If you succeeded, everything would be all right.

If you should succeed, everything would be all right.

If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.

虚拟条件句的倒装

虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。

Were they here now, they could help us.

=If they were here now, they could help us.

Had you come earlier, you would have met him

=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.

Should it rain, the crops would be saved.

=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.

注意：

在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。

If I were you, I would go to look for him.

如果我是你，就会去找他。

If he were here, everything would be all right.

如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。

典型例题

_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.

A. If were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I

答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.

虚拟条件句的倒装

虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。

Were they here now, they could help us.

=If they were here now, they could help us.

Had you come earlier, you would have met him

=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.

Should it rain, the crops would be saved.

=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.

注意：

在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替

混合条件句

主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。

If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.

（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）

If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).

特殊的虚拟语气词：should

1） It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。

句型：

(1)suggested

(2)It is important that…+ (should) do

(3) a pity

(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required,demanded, requested, insisted； +

(should) do

(2)important, necessary, natural, strange

(3)a pity,a shame,no wonder

It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.

2）在宾语从句中的应用

在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。

order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do

I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.

注意： 如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。

The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.

判断改错:

（错）You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.

(对)Your pale face suggests that you are ill.

(错)I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.

(对)I insisted that you were wrong.

3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用

在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。

My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.

I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

1-it rain tomorrow,we would have to -the picnic.

A would ;put forward B should ;call off C were ;put off D should ;put up 2 it is hard for me to imagine what I ()in love ,at the age of seven ,with the Melinda Library in my hometown.

A would do ;would not have fallen B would be doing ;had not fallen C would have done ;had not fallen D were doing ;would not have fallen

3 I posted the letter a week ago .

Then they -the letter by now .it usually takes four days .

A can have received B must receive C should received D ought to have received

 

第三篇：高考英语虚拟语气语法总结

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20xx年高考英语虚拟语气语法总结

倒装结构

1） Had you (=If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.

2） Were I (=If I were) you, I would do more practice after class.

3） Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go.

2．虚拟条件句的特殊用法

A. 混合虚拟条件句

条件从句的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生.

If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now. （从句述说过去，主句述说现在。）

If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night. （从句述说现在，主句述说过去。）

If I had had more self-confidence, I would become a teacher.

（从句述说过去，主句述说现在。）

If the rescue team hadn’t found him, he would be dead.

（从句述说过去，主句述说现在。）

If she didn’t love driving, she wouldn’t have become a driver. （从句述说现在，主句述说已发生。）

B. 含蓄虚拟条件句

虚拟条件通过下述词语引出的短语：

介词with, without, but for, if it had not been / if it were not for?etc 分词supposing动词suppose

并列连词or, otherwise, but, though, etc

例如：

1）I couldn’t have won the competition without your encouragement.

2）With your assistance (=If we had your assistance), we might finish the

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plan earlier

3）But for you advice, I would not be able to do this work.

4) Victor obviously doesn’t know what’s happened, otherwise he wouldn’t have made such a stupid remark.

C. 虚拟条件句中的表示结果的主句有时形式上可以省略，但意义上仍然存在。这种句子只保留一个if (only)条件从句，表达说话人的强烈愿望。如：

1） If (only) she were my sister! 她要是我姐姐（就好了）！

2） If only he had not left! 如果他没走（该多好啊）！

（二）虚拟语气的几个句型

1． It is? that sb. (should)?

句型一：It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ that ?

句型二：It is a ＋ 抽象名词 ＋ that ?

句型三：It is ＋ 过去分词 ＋ that ?

A. 常这样用的形容词有：

appropriate 适当的 advisable 适当的，合理的 better 较好的 desirable 理想的 essential 基本的，实质的 imperative 迫切的 important 重要的 insistent 坚持的 necessary 必要的 natural 自然的 strange 奇怪的 unusual 不寻常的 urgent 紧迫的 vital 极其重要的

B. 常这样用的抽象名词有：pity, shame, no wonder

C. 常这样用的过去分词有：suggested, requested, required, proposed, desired,

ordered, recommended

1) It was natural that she (should) think so.

2) It is strange that he should have said so.

3) It is a great pity that he should be so careless.

4) It is desired that we should get everything ready by tonight.

2． 建议、命令、和要求等,谓语形式是“(should)+动词原形”。

常这样用的动词及其名词形式有：

ask 要求 advise 劝告、建议 determine 决定 decide决定 demand 要求 desire 渴望 command 命令 insist 坚持 intend 打算 prefer 宁愿 propose 提议 order 命令 recommend 推荐 request要求 require要求 suggest建议

1）I insist that she (should) do her work alone.

2）They proposed that all the plans should be discussed at the meeting.

3）They demanded that their wages (should) be increased.

[注] 当suggest意为“暗示”，insist意为“坚持认为（一个事实）”时，其后的宾语从句中不用虚拟语气。例如：

1）Her face suggested (暗示) that she was ill. So I suggested (建议) that she (should) be sent to the hospital immediately.

2) He insisted that he was right. 她坚持认为自己是对的。

3.

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[注] 主句中wish的各种时态都不影响从句的时态，从句连词that常常省去。

1）I wish I were ten years younger.

2）I wish I had gone to the football match last night.

3) I wish I could have talked to her then.

4）He wishes you would go and visit him.

4. as if, as though

1) She looked after the orphan as if he were her own child.

2) They are talking as if they had been friends for many years.

[注1] as if从句的虚拟语气用进行时态时，表示动作正在进行，如：

He heard a noise, as if someone were breathing.

[注2] 在It looks (seems, sounds) as if后的从句中，如果接近事实的可能性大，也可用陈述语气，如：

It looks as if it is going to rain.

5．

例如：

1）2) I would rather he visited us today/tomorrow.

3) I would rather he had visited us yesterday.

6．

动词过去式

should + 动词原形

1) It is time that the boy should go to school.

2) It is high time (that) the weather be improved.

7． （If only?！）

If only I knew the answer！

8． 用于表示祝愿的句子中

（三）情态动词中的虚拟语气

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一． 基本能力过关

1. Were it not for the snowy weather, we _____ all right.

A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be

2. _____ more careful, his ship would not have sunk.

A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been

C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been

3. _____ I you, I would go with him to the party.

A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were

4. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he _____ our chairman now.

A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be

5. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____ your advice.

A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed

6. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I _____ fully occupied the whole of last week.

A. were B. had been C. have been D. was

7. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _____ round the earth.

A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling

8. I wish I _____ with her.

A. would be B. am C. was D. were

9. If the Watergate Incident _____, Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.

A. did not occur B. had not occurred

C. was not occurring D. be circling

10. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he _____ a Chinese.

A. were B. had been C. is D. has been

11. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he _____ an elephant.

A. lifts B. is lifting C. lifted D. could lift

12. He described the town as if he _____ it himself.

A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. sees

13. It is important that the TOEFL office _____ your registration.

A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm

14. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology _____.

A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved

C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved

15. It’s about time people _____ notice of what women did during the war.

A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take

16. He’s working hard for fear that he _____.

A. should fall behind B. fell behind

C. may fall behind D. would fall behind

17. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires

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that the child _____ psychologically ready for the new idea.

A. is B. were C. be D. would be

18. I’d rather you _____ anything about it for the time being.

A. do B. didn’t do C. don’t D. didn’t

二． 高考名题连线

34. If only he _____ quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldn’t suffer so much now.

A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lay

35. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady.

A. might B. need C. should D. would

36. What would have happened _____ as far as the river bank?

A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther

C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther

37. How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden!

A. has B. had C. will have D. had had

38. It is hard for him to imagine what I would be doing today if I _____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.

A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall

39. _____ be sent to work there?

A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should

C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should

情态动词中的虚拟语气：

1.- How dangerous it was!

- Yes. But for the passer-by’s quick action, the girl ______.

A. was drowned B. could have been drowned

C. had drowned D. should be drowned

2. Amy did best in the English test. She _____ hard last week.

A. must have worked B. should have worked

C. should work D. must work

3.. You _____ those letters. Why didn’t you ?

A. should post B. should have posted C. must have posted D. ought to post.

4.. Why didn’t you tell me yesterday that you could lend me some money? I _____ money from the bank.

A. needn’t borrow B. can’t have borrowed

C. needn’t have borrowed D. may not have borrowed

5.--I stayed at a hotel while in New York.

.--Oh, did you? You _____ with Barbara.

A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed

6. I didn’t send out my application form last week, but I _____ .

A. had B. would do C. should have D. might have to

7. You_____ this morning if you really wanted to see it yourself.

A. ought to come B. may have come

高考圈-让高考没有难报的志愿

C. ought to have come D. could come

8. As it turned out to be a small house party, we _____ so formally.

A. needn’t dress up B. didn’t have to dress up

C. might not have dressed up D. needn’t have dressed up

9. Oh, what a pity! It _____ so easy for me to bring those photographs. I wanted

to show you, but I’ve left them at the table at home.

A. would have been B. would be C. had been D. was

10. -- We expected you yesterday.

-- I’m sorry, I ______ you to say that I couldn’t be here until today.

A. must have called B. would be calling

C. could have been calling D. should have called

11. --I’m told that John had another car accident this morning.

--I believe not. He _____ so careless.

A. shouldn’t have been B. wouldn’t have been

C. couldn’t have been D. mustn’t have been

12. -- You didn’t hear me until now?

-- No, I must _____ soundly when you came in.

A. have been sleeping B. have slept C. be sleeping D. slept

13. Your mother was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word.

A. needn’t leave B. mustn’t leave C. couldn’t have left D. shouldn’t have left

14. -- Did you go to the movie the day before yesterday?

-- No. We ______ , but we decided not to.

A. should have gone B. could go C. should go D. could have gone

15. The room is in a terrible mess; it _____ cleaned.

A. can’t have been B. shouldn’t have been

C. mustn’t have been D. wouldn’t have been

16. Jack _____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.

A. mustn’t have arrived B. shouldn’t have arrived

C. can’t have arrived D. need not have arrived

17. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.

A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored

18. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They

_____ at least 150 kilometers an hour.

A. should have done B. must have been doing

C. could have done D. would have done

19. – Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.

-- Thanks. You _____ it. I could manage it myself. (2005)

A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done

虚拟语气参考答案：

1-5 ABDDC 6-10 DADBA 11-15 DABCB

16-20 ACB 34-35 CC 36-39 CBBA

情态动词

高考圈-让高考没有难报的志愿

1-5：BABCA 6-10 CCDAD 11-15 CADDA 16-19 CDBB

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