初中英语语法总结一览表

语法项目 构 成 用 法 象 征 词 规则变化 不规则变化 例 句 一般现在时 动词用原形

三人称单数-s / es 表示经常性的

动作或状态 Every often always on 天 in月、季、节、年。 一般-s –es 辅音+y---ies have----has

He goes to school every day.

I often have lunch at home.

一般过去时 动词用过去时

Be—was/ were 表过去某个、段时间内动作及状态 ago/just now /In1998 last/yesterday 等 一般/去e 双写/辅+y结尾-ied go-went come-came do-did leave-left等 He wrote a letter yesterday.

I studied hard last year.

一般将来时 be going to+V原

will / shall + V原 在将来某个时间或

某段时要做的事 tomorrow / after

next / tonight in 20xx

Go come leave stay

fly等用进行表将来 Are you going to read ?

He is coming tomorrow .

现在进行时 be+doing 表此时此刻正进行的动作或状态 listen look now all the time Don’t… 一般去e 双写

+ing tie die lie –

变ie为y加ing Tom is writing now .

They are lying on the bed .

现在完成时

现在完成进行 have / has +PP

have/has been+doing 发生在过去影响在现在的动作或状态等 含糊的频率副词 already just never ever 分词规则的同过去式是一样的 不规则的动词的过去分词需逐个记忆 I have been teaching for 8 years.

He has slept for two days.

.过去进行时 was / were +doing

多用于复合句中 表在过去某时间正在进行的动作 at this time yesterday last Sunday evening 一般去e 双写

+ing tie die lie –

变ie为y加ing He was reading at that time

last Friday

过去完成时 had+动过去分词

多用于复合句中 该动作发生在过去的过去 by the time+过去时

when after before 规则的分词构成与过去时一样的 需要逐个记忆

详见不规则动词表 We had learnt 20xx words

by the end of last year.

过去将来时 would + V 原形

多用宾语从句中 过去看来将要发生的动作或状态 He said that he… the next day . He said that he would come here the next day .

比较级形式

形容副词名词 后--er 前加more

名词比较用more 表示两个人、物

之间进行比较时 than /much/ a little

far / in the two 等 一般/去e 双写/辅+y结尾-ier good/well —better much/many—more She is the tall in the two.

He runs faster than Tom .

最高级形式

形容副词名词 后-est 前加most

名词比较用most 大于等于三个人、物之间进行比较 in the +比较范围 of the 具体的数字 一般/去e 双写/辅+y结尾-iest bad/ill/badly-worst far-farther-farthest She is the most beautiful

in her class.(最高级加the)

动词不定式

to do没有人称和数的变化 作主语

To read is helpful for anybody now . 作宾语

He wants to buy a dictionary. 作宾补

I hear him sing yesterday

Tom told me to open it. 作表语

His job is to take care of children . 作状语

He’ll go to see a doctor tomorrow . 作定语

He has much homework

to do every day .

主从复合句 状语从句

句子作状语 (时间地点原因条件让步比较)

He was writing a letter when I came in。 宾语从句

句子作宾语(语序、时态、引导词、客观事实)

He asked me if I had been to Beijing before. 定语从句

句子作定语(修饰名词或代词的句子、注意先行词)

I saw the man who was stealing my bike yesterday

主动结构

被动结构

主动语态:主语(人、物)+ 谓语 + 宾语

动作执行者 + 及物动词 + 动作承受者

被动语态:主语(人、物)+be PP + by宾语

动作承受者 + be PP + by动作执行者

在被动语态中没有可以省to 的不定式 We speak English .

主语 谓语 宾语

English is spoken by us

宾改主 谓语动词 be PP 主by 宾 主动变被动,先找主、谓、宾,宾改主、主by宾,代词变格要细心,谓语动词be pp,时态随主、数随被

PP 是及物动词的过去分词加ed 或不规则详见表

被动句的时态(be)随主动句的时态(do)人称和数应随被动句的主语(am、is、are、was、were等 )

语法项目 构 成 用 法 象 征 词 规则变化 不规则变化 例 句 一般现在时 动词用原形

三人称单数-s / es 表示经常性的

动作或状态 Every often always on 天 in月、季、节、年。 一般-s –es 辅音+y---ies have----has

He goes to school every day.

I often have lunch at home.

一般过去时 动词用过去时

Be—was/ were 表过去某个、段时间内动作及状态 ago/just now /In1998 last/yesterday 等 一般/去e 双写/辅+y结尾-ied go-went come-came do-did leave-left等 He wrote a letter yesterday.

I studied hard last year.

一般将来时 be going to+V原

will / shall + V原 在将来某个时间或

某段时要做的事 tomorrow / after

next / tonight in 20xx

Go come leave stay

fly等用进行表将来 Are you going to read ?

He is coming tomorrow .

现在进行时 be+doing 表此时此刻正进行的动作或状态 listen look now all the time Don’t… 一般去e 双写

+ing tie die lie –

变ie为y加ing Tom is writing now .

They are lying on the bed .

现在完成时

现在完成进行 have / has +PP

have/has been+doing 发生在过去影响在现在的动作或状态等 含糊的频率副词 already just never ever 分词规则的同过去式是一样的 不规则的动词的过去分词需逐个记忆 I have been teaching for 8 years.

He has slept for two days.

.过去进行时 was / were +doing

多用于复合句中 表在过去某时间正在进行的动作 at this time yesterday

last Sunday evening 一般去e 双写

+ing tie die lie –

变ie为y加ing He was reading at that time

last Friday

过去完成时 had+动过去分词

多用于复合句中 该动作发生在过去的过去 by the time+过去时

when after before 规则的分词构成与过去时一样的 需要逐个记忆

详见不规则动词表 We had learnt 20xx words

by the end of last year.

过去将来时 would + V 原形

多用宾语从句中 过去看来将要发生的动作或状态 He said that he… the next day . He said that he would come here the next day .

比较级形式

形容副词名词 后--er 前加more

名词比较用more 表示两个人、物

之间进行比较时 than /much/ a little

far / in the two 等 一般/去e 双写/辅+y结尾-ier good/well —better much/many—more She is the tall in the two.

He runs faster than Tom .

最高级形式

形容副词名词 后-est 前加most

名词比较用most 大于等于三个人、物之间进行比较 in the +比较范围 of the 具体的数字 一般/去e 双写/辅+y结尾-iest bad/ill/badly-worst far-farther-farthest She is the most beautiful

in her class.(最高级加the)

动词不定式

to do没有人称和数的变化 作主语

To read is helpful for anybody now . 作宾语

He wants to buy a dictionary. 作宾补

I hear him sing yesterday

Tom told me to open it. 作表语

His job is to take care of children . 作状语

He’ll go to see a doctor tomorrow . 作定语

He has much homework

to do every day .

主从复合句 状语从句

句子作状语 (时间地点原因条件让步比较)

He was writing a letter when I came in。 宾语从句

句子作宾语(语序、时态、引导词、客观事实)

He asked me if I had been to Beijing before. 定语从句

句子作定语(修饰名词或代词的句子、注意先行词)

I saw the man who was stealing my bike yesterday

主动结构

被动结构

主动语态:主语(人、物)+ 谓语 + 宾语

动作执行者 + 及物动词 + 动作承受者

被动语态:主语(人、物)+be PP + by宾语

动作承受者 + be PP + by动作执行者

在被动语态中没有可以省to 的不定式 We speak English . 主语 谓语 宾语

English is spoken by us

宾改主 谓语动词 be PP 主by 宾 主动变被动,先找主、谓、宾,宾改主、主by宾,代词变格要细心,谓语动词be pp,时态随主、数随被

PP 是及物动词的过去分词加ed 或不规则详见表

被动句的时态(be)随主动句的时态(do)人称和数应随被动句的主语(am、is、are、was、were等 )

 

第二篇:初中英语语法总结

初中英语语法总结(1)

1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at(感官动

词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump

2 (比较级+ and +比较级) 表示“越来越……”

3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)

4 agree with sb 赞成某人

5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样

6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界

7 along with同……一道, eg : the studentsplanted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树

8 As soon as 一……就……

9 as you can see 你是知道的

10 ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的东西) eg : ask you for my book

11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么

12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事

13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg:I am sixteen= I am at the age of sixteen

14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始

15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后;尽头;末尾 eg: At the end of the day

16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候

初中英语语法总结(2)

17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心,自

信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English. I feel that I can pass the test

18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时

19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能够…… eg : She is able to sing= She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing

21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕…… eg : I'm afraid to go out at night. I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视

23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me

24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为了……而生某人的气

25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高

26 be ashamed to 不好意思…

27 be away from 远离

28 be away from 从……离开

29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好

30 be born 出生于

B.情感型使动词:

情感型使动词表示客观事物使人产生情感上的变化,可以分为下列概念:(1)惊讶(surprise);(2)高兴(delight);(3)恼怒(irritation);(4)烦扰(trouble);(5)兴趣(interest);(6)激动(excitement);

(7)迷惑(bewilderment);(8)坚信( conviction);( 9)恐吓(fright);(10)厌倦(tiredness)和(11)愤怒(anger)。这类动词用于被动语态时,要注意前置词的用法。分述如下:

(1)惊讶:

表示“惊讶”概念的情感型使动词,主要有surprise,astonish,astound,amaze,startle,stun,dumbfound,shock等,例如:

78)a.The taste surprised him,it was not as he'd imagined.

b.The taste made him surprised,it was not as he'd imagined.

c.He was surprised by the taste,it was not as he'd imagined.

(这味道使他大出意外,那完全不是他原先想的那样。)

79)a.The news astonished everybody.

b.The news made everybody astonished.

c.Everybody was astonished at the news.

(这个消息使大家感到惊奇。)

80)a.Sherlock Holmes astounded Dr Watson with his accurate analysis.

b.Sherlock Holmes made Dr Watson astounded with his accurate analysis.

c.Dr Watson was astounded by Sherlock Holmes with his accurate analysis.

(夏洛克·福尔摩斯精确的分析使华生医生感到惊奇。)

81)a.Their performance amazed me.

b.I was amazed at/by their performance.

(他们的演出使我惊奇。)

82)a.The explosion startled me out of my sleep.

b.I was startled out of my sleep by the explosion.

(爆炸声使我从睡梦中惊醒。)

83)a.The unfairness of their judgment stunned me.

b.I was stunned by the unfairness of their judgment.

(他们判决的不公正使我为之震惊。)

84)a.The strange news completely dumb-founded me.

b.I was completely dumbfounded at/by the strange news.

(这个奇怪的消息完全把我惊呆了。)

85)a.The news of her death greatly shocked me.

b.I was greatly shocked at the news of her death.

(她的死讯使我大为震惊。)

46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣

47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到

48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother

49 be mad at 生某人的气

50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)

51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)

52 be not sure 表不确定

53 be on a visit to 参观

54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎

55 be quiet 安静

56 be short for 是…的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰

57 be sick in bed 生病在床

58 be sorry to do sth / be sorry for sb. eg : I am sorry for you 很遗憾做…/ 对某人感到抱歉 59 be sorry to hear that 很遗憾听到…

60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you 很抱歉打扰某人

初中英语语法总结(7)

61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying rules

62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students aren’t strict with themselves 这些学生对自己不严格

63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格

64 be supposed to do 被要求干……

65 be sure 表确定

66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well 67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher) 我相信我的大脑(老师) 68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试 69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语

70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕……

71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事

72 be the same as … 和……一样

73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉

74 be worth doing 值得做……

75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事

be afraid of sth 害怕某物

be afraid that 从句

初中英语语法总结(8)

76 because+句子 because of +短语 eg : He was late because he had a headache.

= He was late because of his headache

77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事start…with…=begin…with… 以……开

始…… eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home

78 between…and… 两者之间

79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给某人某东西 eg : I

borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen

80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同

81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站 the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了 He's bothering me to lend him money

82 by the end of 到……为止

83 call sb sth eg: We call him old Wang

84 care 关心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future? 你为什么不关心国家的未来 85 catch up with sb 赶上某人

初中英语语法总结(10)

101 enjoy doing sth。喜欢做某事

102 escape from 从……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事

104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从……摔下来

105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上……

106 far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home

107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样

108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the book interesting

109 finish 完成+doing(名词)

110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人

111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door

112 from…to… 从某某到某某 eg: From me for her

113 get /have sth down 做完,被(别人)做…eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发 (头发被剪了)Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了(被牙医拔掉了)

114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job

115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好