高中英语语法总结-状语从句

状语从句

状语从句是一种副词性从句，通常由一个从属连词或一个起连词作用的词组引导。

状语从句

     1. 时间状语从句

     常见的连词(组)：

     when, while, as, before, after, once, till, until, as soon as, now that, hardly ...when, scarcely ...when, no sooner ...than等。

     可以引导时间状语从句的副（介）词（短语）或名词短语：

    directly, instantly, immediately, by the time, the moment, the second, the minute, the instant, every time, each time, next time, the last time等。

     注意点如下：

    (1) when, while, as引导的时间状语从句

    as表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。when(at or during the time)既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可以表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。while强调一段时间，仅表示从句和主句的动作同时发生，并且有延续意义，该从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词，从句中常用过去进行时态或一般过去时态；当when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。

    She came up as I was cooking.(同时)

    在我做饭时，她走了过来。

   When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)

   当我们在学校时，每天都去图书馆。

    While they were watching TV, I was preparing myself for the coming examination. 

    他们在看电视，而我在为即将到来的考试做准备。

    Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 ( 不可用as或when，这里的while意思是“趁……”)

(2) before引导状语从句时的常见重点句型

①It will (not) be ...before ...

还要……才，要不了多久就……

It was (not) ...before ...    过了……才(没多久就……)

It was a long time before I got to sleep.

过了好长时间我才睡着了。

It wasnt long before he told me about the news.

没多久他就告诉了我那条新闻。

② 不等……就……；  在……之前就……

The telephone rang off before I could answer it. 

我还没来得及接电话，电话就挂断了。

③ 刚……就……

He hardly entered the room before he heard the telephone ring.

他刚进屋电话铃就响了。

④ 先……再……

You can have a few days to think about it before you make your decision.

做决定之前你还有几天时间考虑。

    (3)since 引导的从句用延续性动词的过去式（包括过去完成时）时，则从句的动作已经结束,从句意思是否定的。如果从句的动词是延续性动词的现在完成时态，则从句意思是肯定的。

    He has never been to see me since I was ill.

    我病愈后，他一直未来看我。（不再生病了）

   He has never been to see me since I have been ill.

  我病了，他一直未来看我。

  I havent heard from him since he lived here.

  自他从这里搬走，我就没有收到他的信。（不住在这儿了）

    (4) till, until

   如果till与until用在肯定句中时，则主句中谓语动词部分所表示的动作或状态一直延续到某时或某个动作发生时才结束。注意它的倒装句和强调句。

    I didnt recognize she was my classmate until she took off her dark glasses.

   =Not until she took off her dark glasses did I recognise she was my classmate

  =It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognised she was my classmate.

   直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是我的同学。

    2. 原因状语从句

    引导原因状语从句的常见连词或短语：as, because, since, now that, considering that, seeing that(鉴于……)。注意以下几点：

    (1) because, since, as, for, now that

    because语气最强，用于回答why的提问，可与强调词only, just 以及否定词not 连用。但不可以与so连用。

    since  引导的从句语气次于because引导的从句，常表示稍加分析后而推断出的原因，或指人们已知的事实，比as正式一些,常置于句首。

    as    语气最弱，其原因只是对结果的附带说明，一般放在句首。

    for虽然解释为“因为”但只是一个并列连词，它也常引导句子表示原因，但不是原因状语从句，它是一个并列句。for所提供的理由是一种补充性的说明，表示推测的理由。

    now that意为“既然，由于”。表示由于人们已知的事实或正在发生的事而产生某个结果。

    He failed because he was careless.他因粗心而失败了。

    Since everyone has come, lets begin our meeting.

    既然大家都来了，我们开会吧。

   As all the seats were full, he stood there.

    所有的座位都满了,他只好站那儿。

   It might have rained last night for the ground is wet.

   昨晚可能下雨了，因为地面是湿的。

   Now that the kids have left home we have a lot of extra space.

   由于孩子们离开了家，所以我们有了额外的空间。

3. 地点状语从句

地点状语从句常由下列连词引导：where, wherever等。

You may find him where his brother lives.

你可能会在他哥哥居住的地方找到他。

You are free to go wherever you like.

你可以去你想要去的任何地方。

Anywhere he went, he got warm welcome.

无论他走到哪儿，都受到热烈欢迎。

The girl takes the doll with her everywhere she goes.

这个女孩无论去哪都带着她的布娃娃。

Where there is a will, there is a way.  有志者事竟成。

4. 结果状语从句

    结果状语从句常由下列连词引导：so ...that，such ...that，so that等。要注意以下几个问题:

   (1) 五种结构：

   ① so+adj./adv.+that ...

   ② such (a/an+adj.)+n.+that ...

   ③ so+adj.+a/an+n.+that=such a/an+adj.+n.+that ...

   ④ so many/much/few/little(少)+n.+that ...

   ⑤ such+(adj.) +n. (u/pl.)+ that

   He spoke so fast that I couldnt follow him.

  他说的如此的快，我跟不上他。

   It was such a lovely day / so lovely a day that we all went swimming.

   今天天气如此的好，我们大家都去游泳了。

   (2) so或such置于句首时，主句常用倒装。

     It was such a lovely day / so lovely a day that we all went swimming.

＝Such a lovely day was it that we all went swimming.

   今天天气如此的好，我们大家都去游泳了。

   (3)注意以上结构与定语从句so/such ...as的区别。

   This is such an interesting/so interesting a film that everyone wants to see it.

   这是一部很有趣的电影以至于每个人都想去看。

5. 目的状语从句

   目的状语从句由下列连词引导：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case等。（注：so that也可用来引导结果状语从句）

   so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句中常需用情态动词。

   so that引导的目的状语从句只能放在主句之后。

  in order that 引导的目的状语从句可以放在主句之前或之后。

   We set out early so that we could see the sunrise.

   我们很早出发以便能看到日出。

   He sent the letter by air mail so that it might reach them in time.

   他空邮这封信以便他们能及时收到。

6. 条件状语从句

   条件状语从句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句（用在虚拟语气中）。注意：在真实条件句中，常用一般时态代替将来时。常由下列连词引导条件状语从句：if, unless, suppose, supposing, providing (that), provided (that), given (that), in case, on condition that, as long as, so long as, so far as等。

    (1) unless=if not

   You will fail unless you study hard.

    除非你努力，否则你就要失败。

    (2) suppose, supposing, providing(that), provided(that), given(that)= if

   Given that he supports us, well win the election.

   如果他支持我们，我们就会赢得选举。

   (3)on condition that, as long as, so long as = only if

   As long as you dont lose heart, you will succeed.

   只要你不灰心，你就会成功。

   (4) as(so) far as ...

   So far as I am concerned, Im in favour of “mercy killing”.

   就我个人而言， 我支持安乐死。

 7. 让步状语从句

   引导让步状语从句的连词：although, though, as, even if, even though,while, whether ...or, whoever, whatever, however, no matter+疑问词等。注意以下几点：

    (1) although,  though引导让步状语从句时，主句前不能用but,但可以加yet, still。

   Though it was raining hard, yet they didnt stop working. 

   尽管下着大雨，他们仍然在工作。

    (2) as引导让步状语从句时，必须用前置结构，通常是从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在句首，放在句首的名词前的冠词要去掉。

   Though he is a child, he knows a lot.=Child as(though)he is, he knows a lot.

   尽管他是个孩子，但他仍知道的很多。（注意:在child前不要用冠词）

    Though I like it very much, I wont buy it.=Much as I like it, I wont buy it.

   尽管我非常喜欢它，但我也不会买它。

     (3)whether ...or (not ) 引导的从句，提供两个对比的¡°尽管¡±情况，含有条件意味。

 （Whether you）Believe it or not, it is true.

   信不信由你，这是真的。

    Whether you come here or we go there, the topic of discussion will remain unchanged.

   不管是你来这儿还是我们去那儿，讨论的主题保持不变。

   (4) 疑问词+ever＝no matter +疑问词

   Whoever you are, you must show your pass.

   无论你是谁，你都必须出示你的通行证。

   Whenever you come, you are welcome. 

   无论你什么时候来，都欢迎。

 8. 方式状语从句

    引导方式状语从句的连词或短语：as, as if, as though,the way等。注意以下几点：

   (1) as引导方式状语从句时意为¡°按照¡±，¡°如同¡±，前面常用加强语气。

   I did it just as you told me.

  = I did it just as told to.

  我是按照你的吩咐做的。

  He didnt win the match as expected.

   他没有像预料的那样赢得比赛。

    (2) as if和as though 引导的从句中，谓语常用虚拟语气，有时也用陈述语气。

   It seems as if it were going to rain.

   天似乎要下雨了。

   (3)连词while 和whereas 可以表示对比。

   Whereas he is rather lazy, she is quite energetic.

   她相当的有活力，而他却很懒惰。

   注意:状语从句中的省略现象

   (1) 连接词+过去分词

   Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use.

    除非洗衣机被修好了，否则它就没用了。

    (2) 连词+现在分词

   Look out while crossing the street.

   过马路时，要小心。

   (3)连词+形容词/其他

   常见的有if necessary,if possible,when necessary,if any等。

   (4) 比较状语从句中的省略

   He arrived home half an hour earlier than (he had been) expected.

   他比预想的早到家半个小时。

例1:My parents don’t mind what job I do            I am happy.（2009?陕西）

A. even though        B. as soon as

C. as long as           D. as though

解析：选C。考查状语从句。根据题干意思可知,此处是条件状语从句。as long as只要;even though引导让步状语从句，意为“即使”；as soon as引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”；as though引导方式状语从句，意为“仿佛，好象”。

例2:—Shall we have our picnic tomorrow?

—          it doesn’t rain. （2009?山东）

A. Until      B. While      C. Once      D. If

解析：选D。考查交际用语。答句句意为：如果明天不下雨的话。

例3:She had just finished her homework              her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday.(2009?福建)

A. when       B. while      C. after       D. since

解析：选A。考查状语从句。由句意可知，此处when用作并列连词，意为“这时”。

例4:Youd better not leave the medicine            kids can get at it.（2008?山东）

A.even if     B.which   C.where    D.so that

解析：选C。句意为：你最好不要把药放在小孩子够得着的地方。where引导地点状语从句。even if 即使；which不引导状语从句；so that 为了；以至于;引导目的或结果状语从句。

例5:There were some chairs left over           everyone had sat down.(2008?四川)

A. when     B. until   C. that    D.  where

解析：选A。句意为：大家都坐下之后，还有一些椅子空着。when 当……时候,引导时间状语从句，符合题意。until 直到,引导时间状语从句，但与题意不符；that不引导状语从句；where引导地点状语从句。

例6:Occasions are quite rare         I have the time to spend a day with my kids.(2008?山东)

A.who    B.which    C.why    D.when

解析：选D。句意为：我很少有机会和孩子在一起待上一天的时间。when在此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词occasions(机会)，并在从句中作时间状语。who和which是关系代词，定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、表语，故排除；why引导定语从句时表示原因，与题意不符。

例7:Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday.Have you got any idea         the party is to be held?（2008?陕西）

A. what B.which  C.that  D.where

解析：选D。句意为：明天就是汤姆的生日了，你知道生日聚会在什么地方进行吗?idea后的部分是同位语从句，说明idea的内容；根据题意判断用where引导。

例8:The last time we had great fun was         we were visiting the Water Park.(2008?天津)

A. Where    B.how    C. when    D.why

解析：选C。句意为：我们最后一次玩得很痛快是在游览水上公园时。was后的部分是一个表语从句，从句中缺少状语，根据题意判断用when引导。

例9:Don’t promise anything            you are one hundred percent sure.(2008?浙江)

A. whether      B. after

C. how            D. unless

解析：选D。句意为：不要承诺什么，除非你有百分之百的把握。unless 如果不，除非;符合题意。whether 是否；after ……之后；how 如何。

例10:             well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.(2008·上海)

A. However              B. Whatever

C. No matter            D. Although

解析：选A。考查however 的用法。however相当于no matter how, 但no matter不能单独使用；句中的well是副词，所以用however而不用whatever修饰；although引导的让步状语从句不倒装。

  

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