英语“单位名词”有多少
在英语学习中,经常有人反映,单位名词太多太杂,不易掌握。英语自学者由于各种条件所限,对单位名词更感“头痛”。在多年的教学实践中,笔者发现单位名词并非那么“杂乱无章”,而是有章可循的,并对单位名词进行了归类,供学习时参考,急用时查阅。笔者认为,灵活掌握单位名词的用法,可以丰富
词汇量,进而提高英文的语言表达能力。
单位名词是用来表示不可数名词的数量,即不可数名词的个体性;它也能与可数名词搭配,表示“一双”、“一群”等意义。现将英语中常见的单位名词归纳为以下六类:
1.最常用的、搭配能力极强的单位名词有: a piece of advice一个忠告; apiece of information一条消息; a piece of news一则新闻; a piece of cake一块蛋糕 ;一件轻松愉快的事; a piece of cheese一块乳酪; a piece of furniture一件家具;a piece of kindness一番好意; a piece of paper一张纸; a piece of wood一段木材; apiece of luggage一件行李;a piece of land 一块地;a piece of string一根绳子。
有时可用 bit和 article,如:a bit of advice一点建议; a bit of paper一片纸;a bit of information一点信息; an article of clothing一件衣服; an article of furniture一件家具; an article of luggage一件行李。
2.表示形状的单位名词有:a ball of string一团线;a bar of chocolate一块巧克力糖;a bar of soap一条肥皂; a blade of grass一根草; a block of ice一块冰; a bunch of bananas/grapes/keys一串香蕉/葡萄/钥匙; a bunch of flowers一束花; a cluster of flowers一束花 ;a cluster of grapes一串葡萄; a loaf of bread一块面包; a roll of cloth一匹布;a roll of film一卷胶片; a sheet of glass一片玻璃 ;a slice of bread/meat/cake一片面包/肉/蛋糕;a strip of territory一条狭长地带;a string of lies/excuses一连串谎话/借口;a string of pearls一串珍珠;a stick of chalk一支粉笔 ;a stretch of land一片土地 ; a tube of toothpaste一管牙膏。
3.表示容积、重量的单位名词有: a bag of flour一袋面粉; a basket of fruit一筐(篮)水果; a bottle of milk/ink一瓶牛奶/墨水; a bowl of rice一碗米饭 ; a box of sweets一盒糖;a cup of coffee/tea一杯咖啡/茶; a gallon of oil/wine一加仑油/酒;a glass of beer一杯啤酒;a handful of soil一把土;a kilogram of sugar一千克糖; a pack of cigarettes一包香烟; a spoonful of salt一匙盐。
4.表示成双、成对的单位名词有:a pair of glasses一副眼镜;a pair of gloves一副手套; a pair of scissors 一把剪刀; a pair of shoes/socks一双鞋/袜; a pair of jeans/trousers一条工装裤/裤子;a pair of chopsticks一双筷子;a couple of players一对选手。
5.关于人的单位名词有: a group of people一群人; a crowd of people一群人 ;a throng of people一群人; a gang of slaves/prisoners一群奴隶/囚犯; a gang of thieves/robbers一帮窃贼/强盗; a board of directors董事会 ;a regiment of soldiers一群士兵。
6.关于鸟、兽、虫、鱼的单位名词有: a cloud of birds一群鸟; a flock of birds一群鸟;a flight of birds一群鸟;a flock of geese一群鹅;a flock of sheep/goats一群绵羊/山羊;a herd of cows/deer/goats一群牛/鹿/山羊;one hundred head of cattle/sheep一百头牛/绵羊 ;a band of dogs一群狗 ;a pack of wolves一群狼 ; an army of ants一大群蚂蚁; a nest of ants一群蚂蚁(一般指同住一穴的); a swarm of ants一群蚂蚁;an army of bees一大群蜜蜂; a swarm of bees 一群蜜蜂;a swarm of flies/locusts一群苍蝇/蝗虫; a cloud of locusts一大群蝗虫; a school of whales一群鲸;a run of salmon一群鲑鱼。
冷饮:
beverages 饮料
soya-bean milk 豆浆 syrup of plum 酸梅汤 tomato juice 番茄汁 orange juice 橘子汁 coconut milk 椰子汁 asparagus juice 芦荟汁 grapefruit juice 葡萄柚汁 vegetable juice 蔬菜汁 ginger ale 姜汁 sarsaparilla 沙士 soft drink 汽水
coco-cola (coke) 可口可乐 tea leaves 茶叶 black tea 红茶
jasmine tea 茉莉(香片) tea bag 茶包
lemon tea 柠檬茶
white goup tea 冬瓜茶 honey 蜂蜜
chlorella 绿藻
soda water 苏打水
artificial color 人工色素 ice water 冰水
mineral water 矿泉水 distilled water 蒸馏水 long-life milk 保久奶
condensed milk 炼乳; 炼奶 cocoa 可可
coffee mate 奶精 coffee 咖啡
iced coffee 冰咖啡 white coffee 牛奶咖啡 black coffee 纯咖啡 ovaltine 阿华田
chlorella yakult 养乐多 essence of chicken 鸡精 ice-cream cone 甜筒 sundae 圣代; 新地 ice-cream 雪糕
soft ice-cream 窗淇淋
vanilla ice-cream 香草冰淇淋 ice candy 冰棒
milk-shake 奶昔
straw 吸管
水果:
pineapple 凤梨
watermelon 西瓜
papaya 木瓜
betelnut 槟榔
chestnut 栗子
coconut 椰子
ponkan 碰柑
tangerine 橘子
mandarin orange 橘
sugar-cane 甘蔗
muskmelon 香瓜
shaddock 文旦
juice peach 水蜜桃
pear 梨子
peach 桃子
carambola 杨桃
cherry 樱桃
persimmon 柿子
apple 苹果
mango 芒果
fig 无花果
water caltrop 菱角
almond 杏仁
plum 李子
honey-dew melon 哈密瓜 loquat 枇杷
olive 橄榄
rambutan 红毛丹
durian 榴梿
strawberry 草莓
grape 葡萄
grapefruit 葡萄柚
lichee 荔枝
longan 龙眼
wax-apple 莲雾
guava 番石榴
banana 香蕉
熟菜与调味品:
string bean 四季豆
pea 豌豆
green soy bean 毛豆
soybean sprout 黄豆芽 mung bean sprout 绿豆芽 bean sprout 豆芽
kale 甘蓝菜
cabbage 包心菜; 大白菜 broccoli 花椰菜
mater convolvulus 空心菜 dried lily flower 金针菜 mustard leaf 芥菜
celery 芹菜
tarragon 蒿菜
beetroot, beet 甜菜
agar-agar 紫菜
lettuce 生菜
spinach 菠菜
leek 韭菜
caraway 香菜
hair-like seaweed 发菜
preserved szechuan pickle 榨菜 salted vegetable 雪里红 lettuce 莴苣
asparagus 芦荟
bamboo shoot 竹笋
dried bamboo shoot 笋干 chives 韭黄
ternip 白萝卜
carrot 胡萝卜
water chestnut 荸荠
ficus tikaua 地瓜
long crooked squash 菜瓜 loofah 丝瓜
pumpkin 南瓜
bitter gourd 苦瓜
cucumber 黄瓜
white gourd 冬瓜
gherkin 小黄瓜
yam 山芋
taro 芋头
beancurd sheets 百叶
champignon 香菇
button mushroom 草菇
needle mushroom 金针菇
agaricus 蘑菇
dried mushroom 冬菇
tomato 番茄
eggplant 茄子
potato, spud 马铃薯
lotus root 莲藕
agaric 木耳
white fungus 百木耳
ginger 生姜
garlic 大蒜
garlic bulb 蒜头
green onion 葱
onion 洋葱
scallion, leek 青葱
wheat gluten 面筋
miso 味噌
seasoning 调味品
caviar 鱼子酱
barbeque sauce 沙茶酱
tomato ketchup, tomato sauce 番茄酱 mustard 芥茉
salt 盐
sugar 糖
monosodium glutamate , gourmet powder 味精 vinegar 醋
sweet 甜
sour 酸
bitter 苦
lard 猪油
peanut oil 花生油
soy sauce 酱油
green pepper 青椒
paprika 红椒
star anise 八角
cinnamon 肉挂
curry 咖喱
maltose 麦芽糖
糖与蜜饯:
jerky 牛肉干
dried beef slices 牛肉片
dried pork slices 猪肉片
confection 糖果
glace fruit 蜜饯
marmalade 果酱
dried persimmon 柿饼 candied melon 冬瓜糖 red jujube 红枣 black date 黑枣 glace date 蜜枣
dried longan 桂圆干 raisin 葡萄干
chewing gum 口香糖 nougat 牛乳糖
mint 薄荷糖
drop 水果糖
marshmallow 棉花糖 caramel 牛奶糖
peanut brittle 花生糖 castor sugar 细砂白糖 granulated sugar 砂糖 sugar candy 冰糖 butter biscuit 奶酥 rice cake 年糕
moon cake 月饼
green bean cake 绿豆糕 popcorn 爆米花
chocolate 巧克力
marrons glaces 唐炒栗子 牛排与酒:
breakfast 早餐
lunch 午餐
brunch 早午餐
supper 晚餐
late snack 宵夜 dinner 正餐
ham and egg 火腿肠
buttered toast 奶油土司 French toast 法国土司 muffin松饼
cheese cake 酪饼 white bread 白面包 brown bread 黑面包
French roll 小型法式面包 appetizer 开胃菜
green salad 蔬菜沙拉 onion soup 洋葱汤 potage 法国浓汤 corn soup 玉米浓汤
minestrone 蔬菜面条汤 ox tail soup 牛尾汤 fried chicken 炸鸡
roast chicken 烤鸡
steak 牛排
T-bone steak 丁骨牛排 filet steak 菲力牛排 sirloin steak 沙朗牛排 club steak 小牛排
well done 全熟
medium 五分熟
rare 三分熟
beer 啤酒
draft beer 生啤酒
stout beer 黑啤酒
canned beer 罐装啤酒 red wine 红葡萄酒
gin 琴酒
brandy 白兰地
whisky 威士忌
vodka 伏特加
on the rocks 酒加冰块 rum 兰酒
champagne 香槟
其他小吃:
meat 肉
beef 牛肉
pork 猪肉
chicken 鸡肉
mutton 羊肉
bread 面包
steamed bread 馒头
rice noodles 米粉
fried rice noodles 河粉
steamed vermicelli roll 肠粉 macaroni 通心粉
bean thread 冬粉
bean curd with odor 臭豆腐 flour-rice noodle 面粉 noodles 面条
instinct noodles 速食面 vegetable 蔬菜
crust 面包皮
sandwich 三明治
toast 土司
hamburger 汉堡
cake 蛋糕
spring roll 春卷
pancake 煎饼
fried dumpling 煎贴
rice glue ball 元宵
glue pudding 汤圆
millet congee 小米粥
cereal 麦片粥
steamed dumpling 蒸饺
ravioli 馄饨
nbsp;cake 月饼
green bean cake 绿豆糕
popcorn 爆米花
chocolate 巧克力
marrons glaces 唐炒栗子
豆浆 Soybean milk
烧饼 Clay oven rolls
榨菜肉丝面 Pork, pickled mustard green noodles 油条 Fried bread stick
米粉 Rice noodles
水饺 (Boiled)dumplings
紫菜汤 Seaweed soup
馒头 steamed buns, steamed bread
牡蛎汤 Oyster soup
饭团 Rice and vegetable roll
蛋花汤 Egg & vegetable soup
皮蛋 100-year egg
鱼丸汤 Fish ball soup
咸鸭蛋 Salted duck egg
臭豆腐 Stinky tofu (Smelly tofu)
稀饭 Rice porridge
油豆腐 Oily bean curd
白饭 Plain white rice
虾球 Shrimp balls
糯米饭 Glutinous rice
春卷 Spring rolls
蛋炒饭 Fried rice with egg
蛋卷 Chicken rolls
刀削面 Sliced noodles
肉丸 Rice-meat dumplings
麻辣面 Spicy hot noodles
火锅 Hot pot
乌龙面 Seafood noodles 卤味 braised food
中国小吃英文表达
中式早點
烧饼 Clay oven rolls 油条 Fried bread stick 韭菜盒 Fried leek dumplings 水饺 Boiled dumplings 蒸饺 Steamed dumplings 馒头
割包
饭团
蛋饼
皮蛋
咸鸭蛋
豆浆
饭 类
稀饭
白饭
油饭
糯米饭
卤肉饭
蛋炒饭
地瓜粥
面 类
馄饨面
刀削面
麻辣面
麻酱面
鴨肉面
鱔魚面
乌龙面
榨菜肉丝面
牡蛎细面
板条
米粉
炒米粉
冬粉
汤 类
鱼丸汤
貢丸汤
蛋花汤 Steamed buns Steamed sandwich Rice and vegetable roll Egg cakes 100-year egg Salted duck egg Soybean milk Rice porridge Plain white rice Glutinous oil rice Glutinous rice Braised pork rice Fried rice with egg Sweet potato congee Wonton & noodles Sliced noodles Spicy hot noodles Sesame paste noodles Duck with noodles Eel noodles Seafood noodles Pork , pickled mustard green noodles Oyster thin noodles Flat noodles Rice noodles Fried rice noodles Green bean noodle Fish ball soup Meat ball soup Egg & vegetable soup
蛤蜊汤
牡蛎汤
紫菜汤
酸辣汤
馄饨汤
猪肠汤
肉羹汤
鱿鱼汤
花枝羹 Clams soup Oyster soup Seaweed soup Sweet & sour soup Wonton soup Pork intestine soup Pork thick soup Squid soup Squid thick soup 甜 点
爱玉
糖葫芦
长寿桃
芝麻球
麻花
双胞胎
冰 类
绵绵冰
麦角冰
地瓜冰
紅豆牛奶冰
八宝冰
豆花
果 汁
甘蔗汁
酸梅汁
杨桃汁
青草茶
点 心
牡蛎煎
臭豆腐
油豆腐
麻辣豆腐
虾片
虾球
春卷
蛋卷
碗糕
筒仔米糕
红豆糕
绿豆糕
糯米糕
萝卜糕 Vegetarian gelatin Tomatoes on sticks Longevity Peaches Glutinous rice sesame balls Hemp flowers Horse hooves Mein mein ice Oatmeal ice Sweet potato ice Red bean with milk ice Eight treasures ice Tofu pudding Sugar cane juice Plum juice Star fruit juice Herb juice Oyster omelet Stinky tofu (Smelly tofu) Oily bean curd Spicy hot bean curd Prawn cracker Shrimp balls Spring rolls Chicken rolls Salty rice pudding Rice tube pudding Red bean cake Bean paste cake Glutinous rice cakes Fried white radish patty
芋头糕 肉圆 水晶饺 肉丸 豆干 其 他 当归鸭 槟榔 火锅 Taro cake Taiwanese Meatballs Pyramid dumplings Rice-meat dumplings Dried tofu Angelica duck Betel nut Hot pot
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