0 发给你功夫 Unit 1 The Dinner Party

1. shortly before WW1 一战前不久

2. track down 追溯，追查

3. be seated 就座

4. spring up 突然出现，开始

5. outgrow the jumping-on-a-chair-at the sight of a mouse era 不再像过去那样见到老鼠就跳到椅子上

6. That last ounce of self-control is what really counts.

这多出来的一点自制力才是真正起作用的。

7. motion to sb 向某人示意

signal to sb

8. whisper sth to sb 向某人嘀咕，耳语

9. the America comes to with a start.

这个美国博物学家突然醒悟了.

Startle-----startled

10. bait for a snake 蛇的诱饵

11. an empty room 一个空房子

a bare marble floor 没铺地毯的大理石地板

barely any hair====hardly/scarcely any hair

12. serve the next course 上下一道菜

a course of dish 一道菜

13. frighten sb into doing sth 吓得某人去做…

persuade sb into doing sth

talk sb into doing sth

threaten sb into doing sth

14. out of the corner of his eyes 从他的眼角里

15. Stare straight ahead 盯着往前看

16. Not move a muscle 纹丝不动

17. Make for 前往

18.Ring out

19. Slam the door shut

20. Exclaim

21. at the sight of 一看见

at the thought of 一想起

22. a heated/spirited discussion 一场激烈的争论

22. an example of perfect self-control

一个镇定自若的典范

23. A faint smile lights up the hostess’s face.

Two spots of color brightened her face.

1 发给你功夫A strange expression came over her face.

24. a colonial official 一个殖民地官员

25. give a large dinner party 办一个盛大的晚宴

26. a visiting American naturalist

美国访问博物学家

27. a spacious dining room 宽敞的餐厅

28. the major 少校 the colonel

29. feel like doing sth 想要/喜欢做某事

30. commotion 混乱，骚动

31. The tone of his voice is so commanding that it silences everyone. 他的语调很威严，让每个人都静下来不出声.

32. count three hundred 数三百下

count up to three hundred 数到第三百下

33. sit like stone images 像石雕一样坐着

Sit rooted

Unit 2 Lessons from Jefferson

be of interest/important 很有趣/很重要

obtain knowledge from many sources

从许多源头获取知识

personal investigation 个人调查

appoint him to a committee 派他去一个委员会

study papers on the subject 研究该课题的文件

make on-the-spot observations 做现场观察

By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class.无论是论出身还是论教育，杰弗逊都属于最高的社会阶层.

noble persons 贵族

persons of noble origins 出身高贵的人

persons of humble origins 出身卑微的人

go out of one’s way to do sth 特意/专门去做某事

a cooking pot 做饭的锅

If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied. 如果也只有你愿意这样做，你才可能发现为什么人民不满意.

Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it.上帝赋予你一个判断正确和错误的头脑，就运用它吧.

form a correct judgment 形成正确的判断

not hesitate a moment to do sth

2 发给你功夫 毫不犹豫地去做某事

the former and the latter 前者和后者

In a free country, there will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a source of strength.

在一个自由的国度，总会有冲突的意见，而

这正是力量的源泉.

It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive.

让自由保持活力的是冲突而不是绝对的一致.

There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions.

每个问题都有两面.如果你有力地站在一方，那么另一方的人必定会憎恨你的行动.

be chained to customs 受习俗的禁锢

lose its usefulness 失去它的效用

No society can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. 任何一个社会都不能制定出永久的宪法或永久的法律.

He didn’t fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future.他不惧怕新观点，也不惧怕未来.

I steer my ship with hope, leaving fear behind.

我满怀希望驾驶着帆船，把恐惧抛在身后.

be based on knowledge 以知识为基石

men of his age===peer 同龄人

practice crop rotation and soil conservation 施行作物轮作和土壤保持 standard practice 标准的做法

be superior to any other in existence

比现存的任何做法都优越

be inferior to 不如…

Of all Jefferson’s many talents, one is central.

在杰弗逊的诸多才能中，其中一个是重要的.

He was above all a good and tireless writer.

首先，他是个优秀的不知疲倦的作家.

Ageless-----parentless-----timeless

31. complete works 全集

32. when the time came to do sth当该做…的时候

33. the task of writing it was his.

撰写的任务都落在他的肩头了.

34. We hold those truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.] 我们坚信这些不言而喻的事实：人人生而平等.

3 发给你功夫 Every is born equal.

35. He left his countrymen a rich legacy of ideas and examples.

他给他的同胞留下一笔丰富的思想遗产和范例.

36. owe a great debt to 归功于….

====Be indebted to

37. Only a nation of educated people could remain free. 只有一个由受教育的人民组成的国度才能保持自由.

Unit 3 My First Job

apply for a teaching job 申请一份教学工作

go from bad to worse 每况愈下

enter university 进入大学

in a suburb of London 在伦敦的郊区

be very short of money 手头很紧

Without a degree and with no experience in teaching, my chances of getting this job were slim. 一无学历，二无教学经历，我得到可能性是微乎其微. Chances of doing are/were……

做某事的机会是……

It proved an awkward journey. 这一路原来真是麻烦。

a ten-minute bus ride 十分钟的车程

a walk of at least a quarter of mile 步行至少四分之一英里

9. as a result 结果….. with the result that…

Result in….. .Result from…..

too depressed to feel nervous 太沮丧了就感觉不到紧张了

four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner 四个角上各有一个冬青灌木

struggle to survive the dust and fumes from a busy main road 经受着从繁忙的大街上吹来的烟尘，挣扎着努力活下来

a sandy-colored moustache 一个沙色的小胡子

a wrinkled forehead 布满皱纹的前额

with an air of surprised disapproval 一种吃惊的，不以为然的神态

sth smell of ….闻起来有…味道

The room smells of unpleasantly stale cabbiage.房间发出一股烂白菜的味道，闻上去很不舒服。

ink marks 墨水渍

judging by….. 依据….判断

proceed to do sth 继而去做…接下来去。

fix me with his bloodshot eyes 用他那充满红血丝的研究那个盯着我 a vital part of … 是…极为重要的组成部分

4 发给你功夫mumble sth to sb 向某人咕哝什么

grunt/murmur/whisper sth to sb

have little in common没有什么共同语言

I had said the wrong thing. 我说错了话

teach them in turn at three different levels

按照三个不同的程度轮流给他们上课

be dismayed at the thought of 一想到….就很沮丧

be incompetent at algebra and geometry

对数学和几何一窍不通

worse perhaps was…. 更糟糕的是…..

worse still, ……

enjoy leisure 享受闲暇之乐

get /rise to his feet 起身

the last straw 终使人不堪一击的是…

The prospect of working under a woman consisted the ultimate indignity. 在一个女人手下工作的前景构成了最大的侮辱。

Unit 4 The Professor and the Yo-yo

a simple, modest and ordinary man

一个淳朴，谦虚的普通人

a shy young visitor to his home 小时候有一次去他家拜访的时候很害羞 feel at ease 感到无拘无束

roll back up the string 顺着线转上去

when my turn came 当轮到我的时候

display a few tricks 露了几手

throw….off balance 使失去平衡

sb be impressed by…. 对… 有印象(被动)

sth impress sb by 给某人留下印象（主动）

come to terms with…. 与….一致，妥协

within his limits as a human being

在他作为一个人类的能力范围内

beyond his intellectual reach 超乎他的智力范围

be content to do sth 满足于做某事

jealousy, vanity, bitterness, anger, resentment, happiness

be immune to….不受…的影响/干扰

beyond any pretension 丝毫不矫揉造作

correspond with sb 与某人通信

corresponding===matching 相应的

mean nothing to… 对….而言毫无意义

5 发给你功夫believe in simplicity 信奉简朴

do the job 就可以了，就行了

so much so that

present sb with sth …赠予某人某物

beam with pleasure 高兴得满脸含笑

revert to using plain water又回复到用清水了

Einstein was purely and exclusively a theorist. 爱因斯坦完完全全是个理论家。

begin a long explanation 开始长篇解释

pursue various theories 试着用各种理论

his quick expression of disapproval

他迅速现出的不赞成的表情

work out the solution 研究出解决的办法

He had developed the theories that were profound and capable of exciting relatively few scientists.他所提出的理论都是非常深奥，只能使比较少的科学家感兴趣的理论

a household name/word 一个家喻户晓的名字

across the civilized world在整个闻名世界

be bewildered by….对….迷惑不解

stare at…瞪着…

receive such attention 备受关注

be singled out as sth special被挑选出来当做特殊人物对待

as far as…

be capable of doing sth 有能力做某事

take apart 拆开

Unit 5 The Villain in the Atmosphere

be essential to life对生命而言至关重要

to a dangerous degree/extent到一种很危险的程度

do sb harm 对某人有害

serve as the basic food supply for….

充当….的最基本的食物供给

convert….into…把…转化成….

this apparently harmless and certainly essential gas 这一看上去无害而无疑必不可少的气体

rise slowly from year to year 年复一年的缓慢地上升

in all likelihood 极有可能

6 发给你功夫a large fraction of the world’s population

世界上的大部分是人口

advance steadily 稳步前进

retreat inland 向内陆退居

under the pressure 在压力下

under the leadership of 在….的领导下

The various gases in the atmosphere are transparent to sunlight. 大气中各种各样的气体对太阳光来说是透明的。

strike the top of the atmosphere 直射大气层的顶部

radiate heat into space in the form of infrared radiation 将热量以红外线的形式放射到太空。

visible light 可见光

invisible man 隐形人

in particular 尤其是，特别是

tend to do sth 往往会，常常会做….

We are thankful that…..我们很感激….

go up steadily 稳步上升

rise slowly 缓慢上升

rise steadily 稳步上升

creep upward 悄然攀升

make up…..

account for….占….比例

It’s estimated that….据估计

the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 大气中二氧化碳的浓度

as a result,….. with the result that……

at a rapidly increasing rate

以快速上升的速度

at a rate of many tons per day 以每天数吨的速度

at an equal rate 以同样的速度

in the process 在此过程中

in the course of…. 在….的期间

a new perspective on this matter 对此事的新观点

by itself 自行

7 发给你功夫cut down the forests===fell the forests砍伐森林

new sources of fuel 新燃料源

nuclear power 核能

alternative sources of energy 替代能源

solar energy 太阳能

interior heat 内部的热量

support competing military machines

支持对抗性的军事器械

melt away 融化

visible distinct obvious evident apparent clear

to make the matter wore, 更糟糕的是，….

worse still, 更糟糕的是，…..

Unit 6 The Making of a Surgeon

the making of a surgeon 一位外科医生的成功之道

the point in time===the moment

时刻，那一刻

the point in time when he finally become a “surgeon” 当他终于成为一名外科医生的那一刻。

draw to a close-----come to an end 结束

on more than one occasion 不止一次

at one time or another 说不定何时

not infrequently 经常

more than once 不止一次

have trouble (in) getting back to sleep

很难再重新入睡

the operating room 手术室

the emergency room 急诊室

the peace of mind 内心的平静

the state of mind 心境

There is no surgical patient I cannot treat competently. 任何外科病人我都能胜任地进行治疗。

Be competent at/in 能胜任地做某事

treat-----treatment 治疗，待遇

near that point 接近那个时刻

encounter emergency situations

遇到紧急情况

dread the ringing of the telephone

8 发给你功夫害怕电话铃响起

dread errors 害怕犯错

To err, is human; to forgive, divine.

犯错是人性，宽恕是神性

make a considered decision

做出一个深思熟虑的决定

make a poor/sound/critical decision

不妥当的/稳妥的/至关重要的

15. conceit---conceited adj 自负的

Smug 自鸣得意的 adj

in trying moments 在很难受的时候

be bothered by doubts and uncertainties

受到重重疑虑的煎熬

the practice of medicine 行医实践

practice medicine 行医

be out in practice 外出行医

dwell in====reside in====live in

dwell on 老想着，仔细阐述

live with==tolerate 容忍，忍受

be bound to …. 一定….

be equally confident 同样地自信

handle any emergency situation

应付任何紧急情况

There are no more butterflies in my stomach. 我再也不忐忑不安了。 open up a chest or abdomen 剖开胸膛或者腹部

anticipate the problem in advance 提前预测到问题所在

punctured lungs 肺部穿孔

compound fracture 复合型骨折

inevitable----unavoidable 不可避免的

take full/sole responsibility for

为….承担全部责任

accept the fact with calmness平静地接受事实

perform an operation on sb为…做手术

operate on sb

chances are that===It’s likely that….

sit on…. 拖延，延迟

delay doing sth

sweat over…. 胆战心惊地做….

with my knowledge, skill and experience

9 发给你功夫凭我的知识，技能和经验

Unit 7 Not on My Block

stand up to

rise to 奋起应付

the young men dealing drugs==drug dealers/pushers take drugs 吸毒

deal drugs 贩毒

smuggle drugs 走私毒品

smuggled goods 水货

The prodigal son has returned. 浪子回头。

like sth right off 一下子就喜欢….

an extra bedroom

extra===additional

perfect spot 理想的地方

summon up one’s courage to do sth 鼓起勇气 pluck up one’s courage to do sth

a gang of 一帮…. a bunch of

a group of…… a set of…..

9. arrive home from work 下班回家

10. reluctantly----unwillingly 不情愿地

11. start at her with cold, hard eyes

用冷酷无情的眼睛盯着她

12. reseat themselves 他们又坐下来了

13. a vacant house= a vacant property

一座空房子

a vacant lot 一块空地

14. in coming weeks 在未来的几周

15. a steady stream of cars and foot traffic

川流不息的车辆和行人

foot traffic===pedestrian

16. conduct business 交易，做生意

17. shoot up 注射毒品

18. urinate in the backyard 在后院撒尿

Urinate===answer the nature’s call

19. have no illusions about对…不再抱幻想

20. occupy a seat 占座位

Occupy-----occupied------occupation

Occupied----vacant

10 发给你功夫21. in the neighborhood of 在邻近/周边地区

22. The drug wars were raging.毒品战在激烈进行23. hang out 闲逛，出没

24. call the police 报警

25. beg sb to do sth 祈求某人做某事

beg the police to disperse the dealers

祈求警察把毒贩子躯干走

26. drift back 陆续回来了

27. a 50-something mother of grown children 一个五十来岁母亲，孩子已长大成人

28．imagine doing sth 想象着做某事

29. fight the battle 参战，打仗.

30. rise to an unexpected challenge

应对这突如其来的挑战

31. be addicted to (doing) sth 做…上瘾.

32. foster care 领养

33. get custody of…. 得到…的监护权

34. pray to sb for….为…向某人祈求

35. gonna===going to

36. One’s insides are turning over.

某人的五脏六腑在翻滚.

There are butterflies in one’s stomach.

keep her face a mask

stay off her property 远离她的财产

sb’s heartbeat rises to sb’s throat.

心一下子提到喉咙眼里

repeat her request 重复她的请求

clear snow from her walk清扫她门前的积雪

check in on sb 看望/拜访….

take to doing sth 开始习惯/喜欢做某事

warn sb of sth 警告某人某事

warn them of the danger of fast money

警告他们不义之财有危害

Do something positive. 干些这个正经事儿

take a stand 表明态度

wage her own battle against a different set of drug pushers只身开展斗争反对另一帮毒贩子

in a tragedy that became national news

在一场成为全国新闻的悲剧里

11 发给你功夫set… on fire===set fire to… 放火….

charge sb with doing sth 控告某人做某事

accuse sb of doing sth

the deadly fire 这场致命的大火

a driving force 驱动力，推动力

extend----extended-----extension

establish an extended-day program

建立一个放学后校内项目

an extended family 大家庭

a core family 小家庭

53. prompt sb to do sth 促使某人做某事

incite sb to do sth

54. step up efforts to do sth 加快步伐去做某事

55. redevelop the deserted/abandoned houses 重建废弃的房子

56. explode----exclaim 大声说

57. get through to sb 让某人明白/理解

58. be modest about…对…很谦虚

59. exert an impact on…..对….产生影响

Impact----influence

60. I have a sore throat. 我嗓子疼.

Unit 8 Honesty: Is It Going Out of Style

1. according to a recent poll

根据最近的一项民意测试

2. cheat on exams cheat on income taxes 考试作弊

3. It can be argued that…. 可能有人会争论说… It is estimated that…. 据估计….

4. response----respond to

5. be faced with the temptation to do sth

面临做….的诱惑

meet with===be faced with

6. peek at a neighbor’s test paper偷看邻座的考卷

7. be hard on …..对….严厉/严格

8. on the rise 在上身/增长

a rise in the use of exams(rise=increase)

9. pass competency tests 通过能力测试

10. more and more=== a growing number of

12 发给你功夫 越来越多

11. lead to===cause===result in 导致…

A rise in the use of exams may lead to a corresponding rise in cheating. (corresponding=matching) 考试的增加可能会导致作弊的增多.

Correspond with sb 与某人通信

12. a case in point 一个恰当的例子

13. face criminal misdemeanor轻罪charge or (doing) sth 因为做…. 而面临刑事轻罪的指控

14. sell advance copies of exams 出售

15. drop==decline……give up

16. buy p rewritten term papers

购买提前写好的学期论文

17. track down the cheaters 追查作弊者

18. do more than talk 不仅仅是说说

19. launch a campaign to do sth

发起一场运动去做某事

Wage a war/campaign/battle against

20. file out of the exam

21. produce an ID card with an attached photo

出示一张附有照片的身份证

22. take a mug shot 拍面部照片

23. ringers (those who take exams for others)强手

24. majority----minority

25. applaud sth 为…鼓掌 vt. Applause n

Applaud the campaign为这场运动喝彩

26. catch ringers------arrest speeders逮捕超车者

27. overcharge sb money 多收某人钱

28. think of sb as…

consider sb as…

look on sb as…

regard sb as…

29. in the case of 在…情况下，在…例子中

30. be unlike…. unlike .prep 不像

dislike vt.不喜欢

invent a tale 编造一个故事

an invented tale===a make-up story

moral values 道德价值

come to bad ends 没好下场

further reinforce those values 进一步巩固这 些价值

13 发给你功夫lie in-----consist in 在于…

a check-out person 收银员

at one’s best 处于最佳状态

at their honest best

numerous---uncountable 许多的

at all levels of society 社会的各个层次 get better at doing sth 更加擅长做某事 get better at revealing dishonesty

ebb and flow 起起伏伏

when times are good

when times are bad

be linked to 与…有联系

gain confidence in sb 某人获取信心

beat the system 击败这个制度

Distrust can be contagious. But, so can trust. 不信任有感染力，而信任也有感染力.