今天起为大家介绍一下英语中几大从句的用法以及其相关内容，如果总结地不够详尽的，还请各位朋友补充说明，谢谢。

1.主语从句 1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：

*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...

*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...

*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...

*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...

It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation. It seems that the performance is very useful.

2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。

What we lack is experience.

3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。

How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.

I did know why I felt like crying.

To be continued:宾语从 2.宾语从句

1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。 *I promised that I would change the situation.

*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. *He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.

*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.

2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.

3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。

He didn't think that the money was well spent.

To be continued:表语从句

3.表语从句

表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.

Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life

in America.

The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.

It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller. To be continued:同位语从句 4.同位语从句

同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。

She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.

I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.

The news came that their team had won the championship.

To be continued:定语从句

5.定语从句

定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。

*限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。

The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.

Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.

The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.

1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。

That is all that I've heard from him.

He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.

2)关系代词的省略

在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。 This is one of those things with which we have to put up.

This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.

3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。

Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.

No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.

5.定语从句

*非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。

Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.

*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句

“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。

This is the computer on which he spent all his savings

It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.

*as引导的定语从句 as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。

These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)

As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)

To be continued:状语从句

6.状语从句

*时间状语从句

引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：

1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。

We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here. 2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。

As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.

The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.

*地点状语从句

引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.

Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.

*原因、结果和目的状语从句

1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。

Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.

2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that,so that,that,so等。

Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.

3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。

We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.

*条件和让步状语从句

1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。 As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.

2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。 No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.

Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)

Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)

*方式状语从句

引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。

The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.

Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.

 

第二篇：英文从句名称

语法 grammar

句法 syntax 词法

morphology 结构

structure 层次 rank 句子 sentence 从句 clause 词组 phrase 词类 part of

speech 单词 word 实词 notional word 虚词

structural word 单纯词simple word派生词

derivative复合词compound词性part of speech名词

noun 专有名词 proper noun 普通名词 common noun 数名词 countable noun 数名词 uncountable noun 抽象名词 abstract noun 具体名词 concret noun 物质名词 material noun 集体名词 collective noun 体名词 individual noun 介词 preposition 连词

conjunction 动词 verb 主动词 main verb 及物动词

transitive verb 及物动词 intransitive verb 系动词 link verb 助动词

auxiliary verb 情态动词 modal verb 规则动词 regular verb 规则动词 irregular verb 短语动词 phrasal verb 限定动词 finite verb 非限定动词 infinite verb 使役动词 causative verb 感官动词 verb of senses 动态动词

event verb 静态动词 state verb 感叹词 exclamation 形容词 adjective 副词 adverb 方式副词 adverb of manner 程度副词 adverb of degree 时间副词 adverb of time 地点副词 adverb of place 修饰性副词 adjunct 连接性副词 conjunct 疑问副词 interogative adverb 关系副词 relative adverb 代词 pronoun 人称代词

personal pronoun 物主代词 possesive pronoun 反身代词 reflexive pronoun 相互代词 reciprocal pronoun 指示代词 demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词

interrogative pronoun 关系代词 relative pronoun 定代词 indefinite pronoun 物主代词

possecive pronoun 名词性物主代词 nominal

possesive prnoun 形容词性物主代词 adjectival possesive pronoun 冠词 article 定冠词 definite article 定冠词

indefinite article 数词 numeral 基数词 cardinal numeral 序数词 ordinal numeral 分数词

fractional numeral 形式 form 单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form

限定动词 finite verb form 非限定动词 non-finite verb form 原形 base form 从句 clause 从属句

subordinate clause 并列句 coordinate clause 名词从句 nominal clause 定语从句 attributive clause 状语从句 adverbial clause 宾语从句 object clause 主语从句 subject clause 同位语从句 appositive

clause 时间状语从句

adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place 方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner 让步状语从句 adverbial clause of

concession 原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause 结状语从句 adverbial clause of result 目状语从句 adverbial clause of

purpose 条件状语从句 adverbial clause of

condition 真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition 非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal

condition 含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition 错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition 句子

sentence 简单句 simple sentence 并列句 compound sentence 复合句 complex sentence 并列复合句

compound complex sentence 陈述句 declarative sentence 疑问句

interrogative sentence 般疑问句 general question 特殊疑问句 special question 选择疑问句

alternative question 附加

疑问句 tag question 反义疑问句 disjunctive question 修辞疑问句

rhetorical question 感叹疑问句 exclamatory question 存句

existential sentence 肯定句 positive sentence 基本句型 basic sentence patern 否定句 negative sentence 祈使句

imperative sentence 省略

句 elliptical sentence 感叹句 exclamatory sentence 句子成分

members of sentences 主语 subject 谓语 predicate 宾语 object 双宾语 dual object 直接宾语 direct object 间接宾语 indirect object 复合宾语 complex object 同源宾语 cognate object 补语 complement 主补 subject complement 宾

补 object complement 表语 predicative 定语 attribute 同位语 appositive 状语 adverbial 句法关系

syntatic relationship 并列 coordinate 从属 subordination 修饰 modification 前置修饰 pre-modification 置修饰 post-modification 限制 restriction 双重限制

double-restriction 非限制 non-restriction 数 number 单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form 规则形式 regular form 规则形式 irregular form 格 case 普通格 common case 所有格 possessive case 主格 nominative case 宾格 objective case 性 gender 阳性 masculine 阴性

feminine 通性 common 性

neuter 人称 person 第人称 first person 第二人称 second person 第三人称 third person 时态 tense 过去来时 past future tense 过去来进行时 past future continuous tense 过去来完成时 past future perfect tense 般现时 present simple tense 般过去时 past simple tense 般来时 future simple tense

现完成时 past perfect tense 过去完成时 present perfect tense 来完成时 future perfect tense 现进行时 present continuous tense 过去进行时 past continuous tense 来进行时 future continuous tense 过去来进行时 past future continuous tense 现完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense 过去完成

进行时 past perfect continuous tense 语态 voice 主动语态 active voice 被动语态 passive voice 语气 mood 陈述语气 indicative mood 祈使语气 imperative mood 虚拟语气 subjunctive mood 否定 negation 否定范围 scope of negation 全部否定 full negation 局部否定

partial negation 转移否定

shift of negation 语序 order 自语序 natural

order 倒装语序 inversion 全部倒装 full inversion 部分倒装 partial inversion 直接引语

direct speech 间接引语 indirect speech 自由直接引语 free direct speech 自由间接引语 free indirect speech 致 agreement 主谓致

subject-predicate agreement 语法致

grammatical agreement 概念致 notional agreement 近原则 principle of

proximity 强调 emphasis 重复 repetition 语音 pronunciation 语调 tone 升调 rising tone 降调 falling tone 降升调

falling-rising tone 文体 style 正式文体 formal 非

正式文体 informal 口语 spoken/oral English 套语 formulistic expression 英国英语 British English 美国英语 American English 用法 usage 感情色彩

emotional coloring 褒义 commendatory 贬义

derogatory 幽默 humorous 讽刺 sarcastic 挖苦 ironic

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