人教版高中英语必修一语法知识点总结

人教版必修一各单元知识点总结

Unit One Friendship

一、重点短语

1.go through 经历,经受

 get through 通过;完成;接通电话

2. set down 记下,放下 

3. a series of 一系列

4. on purpose 有目的的

5. in order to 为了

6. at dusk 傍晚,黄昏时刻

7. face to face 面对面

8. fall in love 爱上

9. join in 参加(某个活动);

take part in 参加(活动)

  join 加入(组织,团队,并成为其中一员)

10. calm down 冷静下来

11. suffer from 遭受

12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦

13. be concerned about 关心

14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽

15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…

16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…

17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…

18. too much 太多(后接不可数n.)

 much too 太…(后接adj.)

19. not…until 直到… 才

20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做… 并不开心

21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为…

make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

二、语法----直接引语和间接引语

概念:直接引语:直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。

间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。

例: Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.”

     Mr. Black said that he was busy.

 

变化规则

(一)陈述句的变化规则

直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that(可省略)引导,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。

人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思

例:1. He said, “ I like it very much.” → He said that he liked it very much.

2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in your room.”

→ He told me that he had left his book in my room.

时态的变化

例:

“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne.

→Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.

The boy said, “I’m using a knife.”

 → The boy said that he was using a knife.

▲注意:如果直接引语是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变,如:

He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”

He said that light travels much faster than sound.

指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化

() 祈使句的变化规则

如果直接引语是祈使句,变为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,并根据句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等动词,如果祈使句是否定句,在不定式前面还要加上not。例:

The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.”

→ The hostess asked us to sit down.

He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”

 → He told the boys not to make so much noise.

(三)疑问句的变化规则

如果直接引语是疑问句,变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序,句末用句号。

一般疑问句:如果直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,谓语动词是say或said时,要改为 ask 或asked,原问句变为由if/whether 引导的宾语从句。例:

“Do you think a diary can become your friend?” the writer says.

   → The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.

2) 特殊疑问句:如果间接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的引导词,但疑问句要变为陈述句。例:

   “What do you want?” he asked me.

 → He asked me what I wanted

Unit two  English around the world

一、重点短语

1. be different from 与…不同

  be the same as 与…一样

2. one another 相互,彼此(=each other)

3. official language 官方语言

4. at the end of 在…结束时

5. because of 因为(后接名词或名词性短语)

  because 因为(后接句子)

6. native speakers 说母语的人

7. be based on 根据,依据

8. at present 目前;当今

9. especially 特别,尤其

  specially 专门地

10. make use of 利用…

   make the best of 充分利用…

11. a large number of 大量的,很多(作主语,谓语动词用复数)

the number of …的数量(作主语,谓语动词用单数)

12. in fact = actually= as a matter of fact 事实上

13. believe it or not 信不信由你

14. there is no such thing as… 没有这样的事…

15. be expected to …被期待做某事

16. play a part/role in … 在…起作用

17. make lists of…列清单

18. included 包括(前面接包括的对象)

Including包括(后接包括的对象)

19. command sb. to do sth. 命令某人去做某事

command + that 从句(从句用should+V原)

20. request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事

request + that 从句(从句用should+V原)

二、语法----英语中的命令(command)语气和请求(request)语气

命令语气:表示直接命令某人做某事,语气比较重,不怎么礼貌,一般用于上级对下级

例:1. “ Look at the example”, the teacher said to us.

2. Open the window!

请求语气:表示请求某人做某事,语气比较缓和,非常礼貌

例:1. “ Would you like to see my flat?” She asked.

    2. Would you please open the window?

Unit 3 Travel journal

一、重点短语

1. travel----泛指旅行

journey----指长时间长距离的陆上旅行

voyage----指长距离的水上旅行,也可以指乘飞机旅行

trip----常指短时间短距离的旅行

tour----指周游,巡回旅游,

2. prefer to 更加喜欢,宁愿

  prefer A to B 比起B,更喜欢A

  prefer doing to doing 比起做…,宁愿做…

  prefer to do rather than do 与其做…, 不如…

3. flow through 流过,流经

4. ever since 自从

5. persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事

6. be fond of 喜欢

7. insist on doing 坚持做某事

 insist + that 从句(用should+ V原)

8. care about 关心

9. change one’s mind 改变想法

10. altitude 高度

attitude 态度,看法

11. make up one’s mind to do下定决心做某事

   = decide to do = make a decision to do

12. give in 让步,屈服

   give up 放弃

13. be surprised to … 对…感到惊奇

to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是…

14. at last = finally = in the end 最终

15. stop to do 停下来去做某事

stop doing 停止做某事

16. as usual 像往常一样

17. so…that 如此… 以至于…

   So + adj + a/an + n. + that

   Such + a/an +adj. + n. + that

18. be familiar with 对…熟悉(人作主语)

be familiar to 为…所熟悉(物作主语)

二、语法:现在进行时表将来

现在进行时表将来,表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作,常见的现在进行时表将来的动词有:come/ go / leave/ arrive / travel / take / stay/ do等.

例:1. I’m coming. 我就来

    2. what are you doing next Sunday ? 你下个星期天做什么?

    3. I hear that you are travelling along Mekong River. 我听说你将沿湄公河旅行

    4. Where are you staying at night? 你们晚上待在哪里/

Unit four  Earthquakes

一、重点短语

1. right away 立刻,马上(= at once = in no time)

2. asleep 睡着的;熟睡地(fall asleep 入睡)

  sleep 睡;睡眠

  sleepy 犯困的

3. it seems that/ as if … 看来好像… ;似乎

4. in ruins 成为废墟

5. the number of …的数量(谓语动词用单数)

  a number of 大量(谓语动词用复数)

6. rescue workers 营救人员

  Come to one’s rescue 营救某人

7. be trapped 被困

8. how long 多长时间

  how often 多久,指平率

  how soon 还要多久(用于将来时当中,用in+时间段回答)

9. hundreds of thousands of 成千上万的

10. dig out 挖出

11. shake----泛指“动摇,震动”,常指左右、上下动摇,也可以指人“震惊,颤抖”

       例:1. She felt the earth shaking under him.

           2. She was shaken with anger.

   quake---- 指较强烈的震动,如地震

       例: The building quaked on its foundation

   Tremble---- 指人由于寒冷、恐惧、不安等引起的身体的抖动或声音的颤抖

       例:Suddenly I saw her lips begin to tremble and tears begin to flow down her cheeks.

   Shiver---- 多指寒冷引起的颤抖、哆嗦

       例:A sudden gust of cold wind made me shiver.

12. rise (rose—risen)---- vi, 上升;升起, 无被动语态;give rise to 引起

   Raise(raised—raised)---- vt, 举起;筹集;养育

   Arise ( arose—arisen)----vt, 出现(常指问题或现象)

13. injure---- 常指因意外事故造成的损伤,也可以指感情上名誉上的伤害

      例:He was injured in a car accident.

   harm---- 泛指“伤害,损害”,既可以指有生命的,也可以指无生命的

      例:1. He was afraid that his fury would harm the child.

          2. His business was harmed for some reason.

   hurt---- 既可以指肉体上的伤害,也可以指精神上的伤害

      例:1. She hurt her leg when she fell.

          2. He felt hurt at your word.

   wound---- 一般指枪伤、刀伤等在战场上受的伤

      例:The bullet wounded him in the arm.

14. be prepared for …= make preparations for… 为…做准备

15. in one’s honor 向…表示敬意;为纪念

   Be/ feel honored to do … 做…感到很荣幸

16. make /give/ deliver a speech 发言

   opening speech 开幕词

17. give/ provide shelter to …向…提供庇护所

   seek shelter from…躲避

18. happen to + n./ pron. 遭遇,发生

happen to do sth. 偶然;碰巧

happen ----指偶然发生

take place----指事先计划好的事情发生

二、语法----定语从句

概念:在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

成分:先行词,即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词;关系代词:that,which,who(宾格为whom,所有格为whose);或者关系副词where,when,why等。关系代词或关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间,起着连接主从句的作用。

1. 关系代词that的用法

关系代词that在定语从句中既能指人,也能指物;既能做主语,也能做宾语

例:1)A plane is a machine that can fly. (指物,作主语)

2)The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. (指物,作宾语)

3)Who is the man that is reading a book over there? (指人,作主语)

4)The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jim’s sister,(指人,作宾语)

2.  关系代词which的用法

    关系代词which在定语从句中只能指物,但既可以做宾语也能作主语

    例:1)They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. (作主语)

        2)The fish (which) we bought this morning were not fresh. (作宾语)

 3. 关系代词whowhom的用法

关系代词who,whom 只能指人,在定语从句中分别作主语和宾语

   例:1)The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.(作主语)

       2)The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. (作宾语)、

 4. 关系代词whose在的用法

   关系代词whose为关系代词who的所有格形式,其先行词既可以是人也可以是物,whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾语。

    例:1)This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. (指人,作主语)

        2) The room whose window faces south is mine. (指物,作主语)

        3)He has written a book whose name I’ve forgotten. (指物,作宾语)

   5. 关系副词when的用法

      关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语

      例:1)I’ll never forget the time when (=during which) we worked on the farm.

         2) Do you remember the afternoon when (=on which) we first met three years ago?

6. 关系副词where在定语从句中的用法

   关系副词where在定语从句中做地点状语

   例:1)This is the place where( =at/ in which) we first met.

       2) The hotel where (= in which ) we stayed wasn’t very clean.

7. 关系副词why在定语从句中的用法

   关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语

   例: 1). I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the reason why(= for which) I left.

      2). The reason why (=for which) he has late was that he missed the train.

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela – a modern hero

一、重点词汇

1. selfish 自私的

  selfless 无私的

2. devote oneself to… 致力于;献身于

3. fight against 对抗,反对

  fight for 为… 而战

4. principle 原则

  principal 校长;主要的

5. offer guidance to …给…提供指导

6. out of work 失业

7. join 加入(组织,俱乐部,成为其中一员)

  join in 参加(活动)

  take part in 参加(活动)

8. as + adj +as one can 尽可能…

  = as + adj. +as possible

9. as a matter of fact 事实上(=in fact)

10. blow up 爆炸,炸掉

11. set up 建立        ;  set about 着手,开始做( set about doing sth.)

   set off 出发,动身 ;   set out 开始,出发(set out to do sth.)

12. be sentenced to 被判…

13. be equal to 与…相等;胜任

14. be proud of 为…感到自豪

15. give out 分发 (give off 散发出(气味))

16. die for 为…而死

   die of 死于(自身原因,如疾病)

   die from 死于(外在原因,如车祸)

17. realize one’s dream of … 实现..的梦想

18. only 位于句首时,要主谓倒装

   例:Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.

       Only in this way, can we protect the environment better.

二.1) It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face. (从句时态用完成时)这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。

2) I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.(强调句)我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故,我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。

3) I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. 有一天晚上,我熬到11点半故意不睡觉,为的是独自好好看看月亮一次。

4) Your friend, who doesnt work hard, asks you to help him cheat in the end-of-term exam.(非限制性定语从句)你的一个朋友叫你在期末考试中帮他作弊,这个朋友平常不认真学习。

5) If you have some trouble (in) getting along with your friends, you can write to the editor and ask for advice. 如果你在和朋友的相处上有问题,你可以写信给编辑向他征求建议。

6) Add up your score and see how many points you can get. 把你的得分加起来,看看得了多少。

7) What he did has added to our difficulties. 他的所作所为增加了我们的困难。

8) His income adds up to $1000 a month. 他每月的收入共计1000美元。

9) It's no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. 观看这些已不再是乐趣,因为大自然是你必须体验的。

10) Why is she so concerned about his attitude to her work? 她为什么那么关注他对她的工作的看法?

11) The police asked him to set down what he had seen in a report. 警察让他在报告中写下他所看见的事情。

12) As I was about to go out and search for him, he happened to come in. 正当我打算出去找他时,他恰巧进来。

13) Mr. Jones lives alone and often feels lonely. 琼斯先生单独一人生活,常常感到孤独。

14) We tried to calm him down, but he kept crying. 我们试图让他平静下来,但他仍不停地哭着。

15) Does he dare (to) go out at night in such stormy weather? 他敢在这样一个暴风雨夜外出吗?

16) He would go through fire and water for his country. 他愿为国家赴汤蹈火。

17) That country suffered a heavy loss in the flood. 那个国家在水灾中遭受严重的损失。

18) World Englishes come from those countries where English plays an important role as a first or second language, either because of foreign rule or because of its special role as an international language.(定语从句)世界英语来自那些以英语为第一或第二语言的国家,英语在这些国家起重要作用,或是因为外国的统治,或是因为其作为国际语言的特殊地位。

19) All languages change when cultures communicate with one another. 当不同的语言互相沟通时,所有的语言都会发生变化。

20) Actually, the English spoken between about AD 450 and 1150 was based more on German than present day English.实际上,从公元450年到1150年,人们所说的英语更多的是以德语为基础的,而现代英语不是。

21) Would you please come up to my flat for a visit? 请到我的公寓里来坐坐,好吗?

22) Believe it or not, he cheated in the exams. 信不信由你,他在考试中作弊。

23) Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.

以英语作为母语的人,即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同,也可以互相交流。

24) Today the number of people learning English in China is larger than even before. 目前在中国学习英语的人数比以往任何时候都多。

25) It is the duty of a government to provide education for the children of its country. it作形式主语)政府的责任是为其国家的小孩提供教育。

26) Reading is one of the best ways of improving your vocabulary and usage. 阅读是帮助你改善词汇及其用法的最好方法之一。

27) Giving commands is less polite than making a request. 发号命令比发出请求粗鲁。见第四单元

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