名师：雅思阅读同义词替换（一）

1. important =crucial (extremelyimportant),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)

2.common=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)

3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)

4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)

5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)

6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)

7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)

8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)

9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)

10.top=peak, summit

11.competitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)

12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)

13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)

14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation

15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish

16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)

17.complain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)

18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental

19.relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)

20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel

21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)

22.complex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)

23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her

24.small=minuscule(very small), minute,

25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)

26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly

27.difficult=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)

28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)

29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)

30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)

41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)

42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)

43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)!

44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)

45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive

46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)

47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)

48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)

49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)

50.hot=boiling(very hot)

51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)

52.nowadays=currently

53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;

54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)

55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)

56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)

57.obvious=apparent, manifest

58.basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily)

60.quite=fairly

61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)

62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)

63.appear=emerge(come into existence)

64.whole=entire(the whole of something)8

65.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)

66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)

67.difficult=formidable

68.change=convert(change into another form)

69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)

70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)

71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)

72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)

73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)

74.use= utilize (the same as use)

75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)

76.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)

77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)

78.scholarship=fellowship

79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)

80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)

81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)

82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive),

absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)

83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneousgroups consists of many different kinds of things)

84.disorder=disarray, chaos

85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)

86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)

87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)

88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)

89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/

90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)

91.unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen ^

92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)

93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)

94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)

95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)

96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)/

97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)

98.so=consequently, accordingly

99.rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often 100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)

 

第二篇：雅思阅读同义词总结

1. 限制：limit, restrict, confine, define, narrow, tighten, constrict

narrow(v.): 这个词大家以前使用的时候一般都是作为形容词来用，这里强调下它的动词的用法。 缩小差距

E.g. We’reE.g. The smoking causes the same diseases in women as in men and the gap between their death define (v.): 这个词大家以前熟悉的意思是给……下定义, 这个意思和限制并不矛盾，什么叫下定义？就是描述出一个事物的轮廓，所以定义就是在一个给定的范围内给一个事物限定的特定的意思。（define的英文解释： If you define something, you show, describe, or state clearly what it is and what its limits are, or what it is like） the outcome of court cases.

2. 集中，聚焦于：focus on, concentrate on, aim, spotlight, be engrossed in, lay/place/put emphasis

on, deal only with, highlight, spotlight(v./n.): 本意是聚光灯的意思 engross (v.): 全神贯注于某事

didn’t hear her come in. highlight(v./n.): 本意为用高亮度标记 highlight 作名词用表示一系列事情的亮点，高潮，最精彩所在，

3. 现代的，最新的：contemporary, modern, current, present, recent, up-to-date, latest

这里需要注意latest不要翻成最晚的，是最新的，最近的意思 up-to-date(a.): 最新的 latest (a.):最新的

contemporary: 现代的，这个词准确的来说和最近的（latest）意思还是有区别的，不果的阅读考试大部分词考得都是词和词之间的相关性，其实也不太有可能两个词的意思是完全一样的，一般来说只要他们意思相关，并且不发生矛盾的话，我们就可以认为他们之间是同义词。这也就是为什么contemporary会和latest在一组的原因了。

4. 增长：grow, increase, expand, rise, improve, soar, climb, extend, rocket,

soar (v.): 飙升

E.g. The price of petrol has soared in recent weeks.

rocket(v./n.):作名词是火箭的意思, 动词: 直线上升

这组词在阅读和写作当中可能会发生词性的变化，主要是形容词，动词和名词这三种间的转换。

grow-growing-growth; increase-increasing-increase; expand-expanding- expansion; rise-rising-rise; improve-improved-improvement; extend- extended- extension; climb-climbing-climb

5. 加速，前进：accelerate, speed up, advance, hasten, quicken, develop, hurry,

accelerate(v.)：物理学中的加速度就是这个单词 develop (v.): 发展，也就是说现在的速度比原先的快才能叫发展，所以develop和和加速这个意思是属于相关词

在这里需要强调一下，英文当中越简单的东西，它的用法是越丰富的，这里简单列几个develop常用的几个词条 得病，冲照片

advance(v.): 进步，前进

6. 相似的，相同的similar, alike, same, resemble, identical, twin,

alike (a.):

resemble (v.): identical (a.): twin (n./v./a.): 记住阿娇和阿萨就记住这个单词了，本意是双胞胎的意思

7. 重要的,必要的,必不可少的，关键的，有意义的，important, significant, weighty, critical, vital,

essential, crucial, indispensable, necessary, key, pivotal, chief, principal, leading (反义词：unimportant, trivial, minor, irrelevant, insignificant)

这组词不仅在阅读中很重要，在写作中也尤为值得一提，这组词直接的或者间接的都表示重要的意思。 significant (a. ): E.g. Volunteer tutoring programs can have a impact on student achievement.

significant还可以表示变化很大或者大量的意思：

critical (a.): 至关重要的，危及的

E.g. Foreign trade is to the economy.

题外话：critical point在游戏中可以指暴击点数的意思

momentous(a. ): 有意义的

E.g. The revolution taking place in Eastern Europe must be counted as one of the most vital (a.):to the national economy. (of vital importance= very important)

生命特征（判断一个人是否还活着，例如心跳，体温等）

indispensable (a.): 必不可少的

necessary：这个词可以说是这组词里最简单，但也是最容易弄错的一个，很多学生都会说必要的和

重要的是有不同的：重要的不一定是必要的，但必要的一定是重要的。关于这点的解释大家可以参考上面的similar和same的解释。

8. 紧急的，迫不及待的,临近的urgent, pressing, crucial, critical, immediate, emergent

pressing(a.):immediate (a. ): 急切的，迫切的，接近/临近的（这个词条非常常用，特别是后面接地点的时候，基本上都是表示接近和靠近的意思）

of war.

E.g. It is a thriving shopping centre for the people who live in the 直系亲属（父母， 子女，兄弟姐妹等）

9. 长期的，慢性的chronic, persistent, long-term, habitual, long-standing, 反义词：acute

chronic(a.): 这个单词的本意是慢性的，引申出长期的意思，或者说是这个单词的解释中包含长期的意思。

E.g. chronic heart disease

E.g. There is a chronic shortage of teachers.

E.g. He was a chronic alcoholic and unable to hold down a job. /chronic gambler

habitual (a.): 习惯性的（养成习惯了，那肯定是长期形成的）

E.g. an habitual smoker/drinker/liar/criminal

long-standing (a.): E.g. a long-standing relationship/debate

10. 人工的，人造的，合成的artificial, synthetic, false, man-made, manufactured, artificial

intelligence(AI)=machine reasoning

artificial (a.): 人工的

E.g. an artificial limb / flower / sweetener / fertilizer/colours

synthetic (a.): 人工合成的

E.g. synthetic rubber

false (a.): 假的，错误的

false teeth/hair/eyelashes etc 假牙/假发/假睫毛

manufactured (a.): 人造的（其实manu-这个前缀本来是表示用手工制造的意思，但是随着时间的推移，这个前缀已经逐渐转变为用机器大批量制造的意思了，例如：The firm manufactures women’s clothing.） E.g. a news story manufactured by an unscrupulous journalist

11. 联系,连接,绑定link, associate, connect, relate, tie, unite, attach, bind,

tie (v.): tie作名词有领结和平局的意思E.g. the knot 结婚(非正式说法，一种很形象化的说法：打上蝴蝶结，类似于我们中文中的说法：结为连理或者走进教堂这种间接的说法) attach (v.): 附加，固定 attachment (n.): 忠诚

附件

依恋

最后需要大家在写作中注意这几个动词和介词的搭配：

link A to/with B; associate A with B; connect A to/with B; tie A to B; relate A to B; bind A to B;

12. 足够的，充分的,大量的sufficient, adequate, enough, abundant, ample, plenty of, considerable,

plentiful,

sufficient (a.): 反义词：insufficient

adequate (a.):反义词：inadequate

abundant (a.): ample (a.): 这个词一般都放在名词之前，不可以说A is ample.

这个词还可以用于幽默的说女性的身材很胖：a woman with an ample figure

considerable (a.): 大量的

13. 战争，军事，military, army, battle(field), armed forces, attack, combat, conflict, war, the

services, submarine, weapon, explosives, bomb, rocket, weapons of mass destruction

armed forces: 武装部队/力量 arm本意是胳膊的，动词的意思是装备的意思（equip）,所以armed解释为武装的

武装到牙齿，这个说法很形象

armed还可以解释为用知识或者技能来武装自己：facts and figures to prove us wrong.

14. 隔绝，孤立，分离isolation, separation, detachment, disconnect, insulate, loneliness, desolate,

remote,

isolation (n.): E.g. Because of its the area developed its own unique culture.

detachment (n.):insulate (v.): 绝缘绝缘胶带

lonely (a.): 孤独的（从而不开心的）， 注意和alone的区别（alone是表示一个人或者单单的意思，不是孤独的意思，例如travel alone）

desolate (v.): 荒凉的，空虚的

remote (a.):遥控器；机会渺茫；

15. 脆弱的，容易受到伤害的fragile,sensitive,vulnerable,delicate,frail,weak,susceptible,tender,

fragile (a.): sensitive (a.): 敏感的，很多考生不明白脆弱的和敏感的怎么会是相关词，举个简单的例子：如果有篇文章中说南极的气候非常的敏感

frail (a.):feeble (a.):susceptible (a.): delicate (a.):

16. fall, decline, descend, dive, drop, plummet, plunge, sink, decrease, go down, slump, cut, dip,

17. depend on, rely upon(on), count on, lean on, reckon on, rest on, bank on,

18. 资金，金融，补助，福利，工资fund, finance, pay for, subsidize, salary, economic, welfare, wage,

money, income, fee,

说白了，这组词都是和钱有关的

welfare (n.): 福利（健康和幸福），很多考生都会认为福利和钱还是有差别的，福利是无形的，钱是看得见的，不过从个根本来说，福利其实就是种金钱激励（至少西方人是这么认为的），所以welfare和钱是相关词。

subsidize (v.): 补助（sub-这个前缀的意思表示：under or below a particular level or thing） 补助的方式有很多，但归根结底都可以用钱来表示，在这点上可以参考welfare

E.g. Farming is by the government.

wage (n./v.): 工资 (an envelope that contains your wages)/

注意：wage作为动词用，解释为发动（战争或者运动的意思） ；

19. 第一，最初，最早first, earliest, oldest, initial, original(反义词copy), introduction, commencement,

pioneer, coin, launch, debut,

pioneer (n./v.): 先锋 （也就是第一批做某件事的人），所以pioneer和first的关系也属于定义型相关

original (a.): 这个词在阅读中很多时候用来修饰一件艺术品，意思就是说这件作品是真的，不是后人仿造的或者赝品，所以original在这里和copy是反义词。

coin (v.): 发明，创造（当然包含第一次的意思了） introduction (n.): 引进the act of bringing something somewhere for the first time(英英解释) launch (v.): 我们熟知的意思为火箭的发射，考试中常用的意思为开始或者推广 debut (n./v.): 初次登场

20. hazard, danger, risk, threat, jeopardy, peril,

21. 常见的，寻常的usual, normal, common, general, habitual, ordinary, regular, routine, typical,

habitual (a.): 习惯性的

routine (a./n.): 例行公事，常规

22. impossible, out of the question, unachievable, unobtainable, impracticable, unattainable,

23. ignore,overlook,neglect,pass over,turn a blind eye to,disregard,

24. change,modify,alter,shift,vary,convert,mutate,reorganize,

25. 反对object, oppose, argue against, disagree, dispute, quarrel, contradict, anti-,

26. appreciate, be aware of, realize, recognize, be conscious of

27. 导致，产生breed, produce, arouse, bring about, cause, generate, give rise to, lead to, result in,

ontribute to, be responsible for, create,

breed (v./n): 本义：繁殖/品种，引申为产生(原句：地域的隔离导致/产生语言的多样性)

contribute to: contribute大家最常用的意思是贡献，所以很多考生都有个思维定势是，这个词只能导致好的结果。其实不然，这个短语是个中性词，后面接好的或者是坏的结果都是可以的。 E.g. Stress is a in many illnesses.

arouse (v.): bring about: E.g. A huge amount of environmental damage has been by the destruction of the rainforests.

generate (v.): generation (n.): of mobile phones generation gap：代沟

28. 灭绝，消失extinct, vanished, gone, lost(loss), die out, kill off, disappear, absence,

extinct (a.): 这个词很多考生不会用，注意这个词是形容词，不是动词（不要少了形容词前的be动词）。

extinct volcano 死火山/active volcano 活火山/dormant volcano休眠火山 vanish (v.):E.g. The bird absence (n.): 缺少，缺乏

距离产生美

29. diversity, difference, variety, diverseness, range, variation,

30. inevitable, unavoidable, certain, sure, inescapable,

31. 疾病，痛苦complaint,illness,disease,sickness,upset,affliction,ailment,malady,

complaint (n.): 委婉语：疾病/抱怨，投诉

大家先看看disease这个词的构成，dis-是一个否定前缀，ease的形容词是easy，就是轻松，舒服的意思，由此可见，disease其实本来也是个委婉语，后来逐渐的就没有委婉的意思了，complaint也有这个趋势。 upset (n.): affliction (n.): 非常正式的说法 ailment (n.): 不是很严重的病 maladay (n.): 老式用法，还可引申为一种很严重的社会问题

32. because(of), due to, since, for, by reason of, in that, on account of, owing to, thanks to,

33. 独特的unique, gifted, unparalleled, incomparable, unequalled, unrivalled,

unique和gifted赋，意思是一致的。

unique (a.):unparalleled (a.): 无与伦比的

incomparable (a.):

34. 营养nutrition, diet, food, nutriment, nourishment,

35. damage, harm, hurt, impair, ruin, destroy, weaken, spoil, kill

36. inhibit, hinder, impede, obstruct, stop, hamper, forbid, obstacle, bar, barrier, block, hurdle,

obstruction, impediment, prevent, ban, difficulty,

37. 唯一的，排外的sole, only, alone, exclusive. single, solitary, privilege

privilege (n.): 特权，有篇文章说的是artificial reef(人造礁石)，其中有个内容说的是日本政府有个政策就是给予渔民们特权：如果这块礁石是由这个地区的渔民造的并且带来了鱼群，那么这些鱼就专属于这些渔民。大家想想在这里privilege（特权）是不是就是表示只有他们才有的权利，是不是排他性的。

再给个例子，特权车，例如警车，闯红灯不犯法（非执勤情况而且不鸣警笛的情况）是不是警车的特权呢？

再如，贵族学校是不是有钱人家孩子的特权呢？以特低价买商品房是不是某些官员的特权呢？ sole (n.): 唯一的

to market Elton John's records.

exclusive (a.): 动词形式是exclude（就是include的反义词）

相互排斥的

（exclusive places, organizations, clothes etc are so expensive that not many people can afford to use or buy them）

alone (a./adv.):

38. rural,country,agricultural,countryside,farmland,

39. stress,burden,pressure,tension,strain

40. agree,in favour of,consent,comply,approval,

41. benefit, improvement, advantage, profit, aid,

42. no, without, none, absence, lack, deficiency, nothing, zero, failure, free from, want,

43. complex, complicated, intricate,

44. 居住settle, inhabit, dwell, live, reside, accommodate,

people (v.):

45. rapid, quick ,fast, swift, in no time, immediately, at once, right away, without delay, instantly,

express,

46. large, big, considerable, enormous, gigantic, great ,huge, substantial, vast, massive, numerous,

immense, tremendous

47. reproduce, copy, duplicate, replicate, imitate, emulate, mimic, repeat

48. 客观的,公正的objective, unbiased, impartial, unprejudiced, fair, disinterested, equitable, just, neutral, balanced, equal,

objective (a.):unbiased (a.): 没有偏见的

Impartial (a.): unprejudiced (a.): 有本英文名著叫《傲慢与偏见》-pride and prejudice（Jane Austen） 这当中最著名的一句话是：It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.

disinterested (a.): neutral (a.): 中立的

equitable (a.): 平等的 E.g. Competition that is structured carefully, however, can produce more than service delivery by a public monopoly.

49. 费力的，困难的,花费精力的，难对付的demanding, difficult, challenging, tough wearing, daunting

demanding (a.):

50. 有名的,著名的famous, well-known, celebrated, prominent, renowned, distinguished, acclaimed, noted, notable, long-established, eminent, reliable,

celebrated (a.): celebrity (n.) 社会名流

prominent (a.):well-established (a.): 受人尊敬和信任的（和著名的意思还是有细微差别，不过并不矛盾，所以是相关词） reliable (a.): 可靠的

51. 在…之前，早于…prior to, before, earlier than, in advance of, ahead of, previously, formerly, beforehand

52. starving, hungry, famished, ravenous, starved, famine,

53. optimistic, hopeful, confident, encouraged, expectant, positive, rosy,

54. trash, rubbish, garbage, junk, refuse, waste, litter, dross, 55. poor, impoverished, poverty-stricken, on the breadline, needy, destitute,

56. 昂贵的costly, expensive, highly-priced, exorbitant, dear, stiff, luxurious

57. reduce, cut, decrease, sip, dip, slide, descend, go down,

58. account for, have, make up, take up, constitute, comprise, represent, cover,

59. emit, give off, discharge, send out, cast out, emission, leak, release, expand,

60. 但是，尽管however, in fact, luckily, actually, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, though,

yet, as a matter of fact, whereas/while,

in fact, luckily, actually, n fact, as a matter of fact, 些连接词连接的前后两个句子的意思是包含着有转折的意思。

这里给出几个例子：

yet (conj.):

nevertheless (adv.): Having managed somehow to skip going to college, he has made a fortune as a very young man.

61. impact, effect, consequences, significance, impression, influence, repercussions,

62. 上瘾的，沉溺于，依赖于,致力于addicted(to), dependent, hooked, habituated, devoted, obsessed, be addicted to: addict (n.):

dependent (a.): E.g. Norway's economy is on natural resources.

反义词：independent

obsessed (a.): 本意：过度关心/在乎

devoted (a.):devote (v.):

63. approach, way, means, method

64. 好处，优势，价值merit, worth, value, advantage, excellence, goodness, strong point, quality, advantage, benefit, plus

这组词在写作当中也非常常用 quality (n./a.): 这个词本身就有质量好的意思，并不一定需要在前面加high或good(加上也没问题) 大家也不要以为只有形容词才可以修饰名词，名词修饰名次也是很常见的，例如：paper cup等 worth (n.): worth这个词很容易用错，当想表示某物值多少钱时，这个时候worth是介词，一定不要忘记前面要丢了be动词 E.g. This art collection is 这个单词的几种词性变化需要大家注意：worthwhile，worthy(someone who is important and should be value (n.):注意：valuable=invaluable

excellence (n.): plus (n.): 65. 同意，支持advocate, argue for, vote for, in favour of, prefer (to), side with, agree, support, advocate (v.): to suffer.

argue for (反：In favour for: I’m all side with:

66. drawback, minus (There are both pluses and minuses to living in a big city.), disadvantage, downside, deficiency, problem, flaw, weakness, weak point

67. wealth, plenty, abundance, richness, affluence, fortune, money, prosperity,

68. custom, habit, tradition, convention, practice, routine,

69. encounter, face(in the face of), confront, run across, chance upon, come upon,

70. misconception, mistaken view, fallacy, error, misapprehension, misunderstanding, delusion,

71. accessible(easy), approachable, available, attainable, obtainable, reachable, affable,

72. destruction, ruin, annihilation, demolition, devastation, eradication, extermination, wreckage,

havoc, destroy, loss, reduction,

73. uncommon, rare, odd, peculiar, scarce, unusual

74. demolish, destroy, knock down, dismantle, tear down, level, flatten,

75. ease, relieve, alleviate, calm, comfort, lessen, lighten, relax

76. delinquency, crime, illegal/immoral behaviour, offence

77. genius, talent, gift, unique, brilliance, aptitude, prodigy,

78. flexible, plastic, variable, elastic, adjustable, adaptable

79. lavish, extravagant, exaggerated, excessive, wasteful, generous, abundant,

80. potential, dormant, hidden, latent, likely, promising, future, possible, inherent, would-be 81. approximately, almost, around, nearly, roughly, close to

82. 目标,目的target, goal ,aim, object, objective,

target (n./v.): E.g. prime target object (n.):objective (n.): 83. innovation, novelty, newness, variation, freshness, oddity, originality

84. predict, expect, foretell, forecast, anticipate, speculate

85. waste, consume, misuse, lavish, squander, dissipate

86. buy, invest (in), purchase, acquire, obtain, pay for, procure, shop for

87. profitable, achieve commercial success, money-making, lucrative

88. consist of, be composed of, be made up of, comprise, contain, include, involve, amount to

89. habitat, house, home, domicile, dwelling, residence

90. concept, idea, conception, view, theory, notion,

91. abound, be plentiful, flourish, proliferate, swarm, thrive, rich, abundant, abounding, ample, fertile, fruitful, productive, prolific,

92. 持久的，耐用的durable, long-lasting, enduring, persistent, hard-wearing(=long-wearing), dependable,

hard-wearing (a.): 以前很多学生说这个词的意思是“衣服很难穿”的意思，吐血中…

dependable (a.)：可依靠的，靠得住的

persistent (a.): face a prison sentence.

93. underdeveloped, rudimentary, undeveloped, fundamental, elementary, initial, basic,

94. keen(vision), exceptional, remarkable, excellent, extraordinary, marvelous, outstanding,

phenomenal, superior,

95. mating, courtship, partner, spouse, husband or wife, couple,

96. follow, track, trail, stalk, shadow, hound, chase, dog, pursue,

97. (be)surprised, (be)taken aback, astonish, stun, shock,

98. reject, throw away(out), discard, scrap, get rid of, abandon, drop, cast aside,

99. erode, wear down(away), abrade, consume, corrode, deteriorate, grind down,

100. violence, abuse, maltreatment, cruelty,

101. business, entrepreneurship, enterprise, firm, company, corporate, venture, establishment, corporation

102. slight, modest, small, insignificant, minor, trivial, fair, limited, small, unexceptional, middling,

103. 退款，还钱refund, repay, pay back, reimburse, return,

re-这个前缀来自于拉丁语，这里用来表示back的意思，这个前缀也可以用来表示again的意思 refund (n./v.):

reimburse (v.):

104. produce, provide, supply, yield,

105. magma, lava, liquid rock, molten rock,

106. self-conscious, embarrassed, nervous, diffident, bashful, ill at ease, insecure, shy,

107. dominant, popular, ruling, fashionable, prevalent, prevailing, common, usual,

typical, keep busy,

108. elderly, the aged, advancing years, grey hair, senior citizen,

109. skill, expertise, craft, skillfulness, technique, competence, proficiency,

knowledge,

110. exchange, others, interchange, swap, switch, barter, trade,

111. visual, visible, 3D, disclosed, openly,

112. distort reality, dishonest, deform, bend, twist, cheating, lying,

113. document, record, report, log, write down, file, account, chronicle,

114. abroad, in foreign lands, overseas, out of the country, international,

115. recreation, pastime, amusement, entertainment, fun, fitness, leisure activity, relaxation, sport

116. grant, give, allocate, allot, award, assign, confer, bestow

117. comply with, abide by, adhere to, conform to, obey, follow, observe,

118. disdain, contempt, arrogance, scorn, derision,

119. intense(heat), extreme, excessive, fierce, great, severe,

120. ancestor, forefather, forebear, forerunner, predecessor, precursor,

121. express(delivery), next –day(delivery), overnight, fast, speedy, swift, transport,

122. heat, high temperature, warmth,

123. double, twice, two times, coupled, dual, twofold, duplicate, twin,

124. justified, reasonable, acceptable, logical, sensible, plausible, practical, sound, rational, well-organized,

125. like, enjoy, be fond of, be keen on, delight in, go for, love, favour, prefer (to), preference,

126. immigrant, settler, incomer,

127. standard, universal, usual, established, accepted, customary, orthodox, regular,

128. 坐落于locate, situate, stand, seat, settle,

located (a.): situated (a.): stand (v.):seat (v.):

129. varied, different, various, diverse, heterogeneous, assorted, miscellaneous, mixed,

130. 密集的,稠密的，厚的,压缩的dense, heavy(heavily populated area), thick, condensed, compact, impenetrable, opaque, solid,

dense (a.):E.g. a rurally-based population

thick (a.): E.g. The furniture was condense (v):compact (a.): E.g. a compact car

E.g. CD=compact disk

131. change, alternative, alternate, another, other, substitute, different,

132. spread, advance, broaden, expand, extend, sprawl, stretch, widen, develop, proliferation, sweep

133. account, description, explanation, narrative, report, statement, story,

134. probably, likely, maybe, perhaps, possibly, presumably,

135. 过时的out of date, outdated (反义backbone), old-fashioned, antiquated, dated, expired, invalid, obsolete, passé, outmoded, outworn(=worn out),

首先先说下back作为动词是表示“支持”的意思（support），而不是像很多学生想当然的认为是背对着某人，所以表示反对的意思。Backbone就是人身上最重要的骨头：脊椎骨，如果说某事或某种观点仍然起着backbone的作用，那么就意味着它没有过时。

out of date: antiquated (a.): E.g. Hospitals suffer from inadequate facilities, equipment and shortages of medical supplies.

expired (a.): 过期的(ex-这个前缀有表示out of 的意思，例如export, exit)

obsolete (a.): E.g. computer hardware quickly E.g. Will computers render (=make) books passé: 来自于法语

outworn (a.):

136. depression, low spirits, dejection, despair, gloominess, sadness, the blues,

downheartedness, despondency, melancholy,

137. wear off, fade, wane, subside, decrease, diminish, disappear, dwindle, peter out,

138. 成熟,成年mature, adult, grown-up, full-grown, ripe, of age, seasoned, fully fledged, mellow, mature (a./v.): ripe (a.):seasoned (a.): 经验丰富的 full-fledged (a.): E.g. mellow (a.):

139. 合作，同伴，同事cooperate, work with(together), collaborate, collaborator, coordinate, co-worker, colleague, fellow worker, workmate, partner, team-mate, associate, company, 这组词当中有很多都有co-这个前缀，这个前缀表示together with

company (n.): 最常见的是表示“公司”的意思，同时它也有“同伴”的意思 associate (n.): 同事 collaborate (v.):

140. 撤离,放弃,离开evacuate, abandon, desert, move out, leave, forsake, quit, vacate, withdraw, send away, depart, run away,

evacuate (v.): 很多e开头的单词都和ex-这个前缀的意思接近（out of的意思）

考试中如果考到灾难性文章的主题例如火山，飓风，海啸等(注意这些自然灾害的词的拼写)，evacuate 这个词就会经常出现 desert (v.): forsake (v.): vacate (v.):depart (v.):departure (n.)

de-这个前缀表示“相反，移除或者减少”的意思

例如：deforest, depopulation, debone

141. abolish, annul, cancel, end(put an end to), eradicate, stamp out, do away with, rescind, quash, revoke,

142. abort, stop, call off, halt, terminate, check

143. definite, clear, clear-cut, black-and-white, exact, precise, certain, resolved, clarity, clearness, simplicity, definition, limpidity, lucidity, precision, transparency,

144. intensive (100m sprint), demanding, exhaustive, concentrated,

intensive (a.): 这个词和上面一组的durable是反义词，表示“力量或者努力集中爆发”的意思，100米跑就属于能力集中爆发的一项运动。 demanding (a.): 费力的，吃力的（这个词的词义千万不要从字面上去理解）

E.g. a

145. acute(short term), severe, intense, crucial, critical, urgent,

146. tension, tightness, pressure, rigidity, stiffness, stress, pressure, strain, unease, suspense, nervousness,

147. preserve, save, care for, protect, defend, conserve, keep, safeguard, shelter, shield, maintain, sustain, reserve,

148. vicious, malicious, venomous, ferocious,

149. harbor(keep bad thoughts), maintain, hold, cling to, contain(germs), protect(criminals), nurse,

150. frustration, annoyance, disappointment, dissatisfaction, irritation, resentment,

151. attend, be present, appear, go to, participate in, take part in, show oneself, turn up, visit, enroll, register, competitor

152. disclose, make known, broadcast, communicate, reveal, relate, bring to light, expose, uncover, unveil, lay bare, publicize, openly

153. costume, outfit, clothing, dress, attire, uniform, clothes,

154. infringe, break, contravene, disobey, violate, transgress, encroach upon, invade,

155. integrity, honesty, uprightness, virtue, purity,

156. supplement, complement, consummation, counterpart, rounding-off, addition, appendix,

157. zeal(zealot), enthusiasm, fervour, zest, eagerness, ardour, fanaticism, gusto, passion, spirit, keenness,

158. denote, indicate, express, imply, show, signify,

159. unknown, little known, rarely known, undiscovered, unexplored, anonymous, nameless, unidentified,

160. ideal, dream, ambition, aim, goal, aspiration, desire, hope, wish, fantasy

161. innocent, not guilty, guiltless, honest, na?ve, blameless, uninvolved,

162. link, correlation, connection, association, tie-up, relation, attachment, affinity,

163. exercise, physical activity, labour, training, work,

164. regular, daily, monthly, habitual, routine, customary, everyday,

165. isolated, lonely, remote, hidden, secluded, off the beaten track, outlying,

166. feedback, comment, remark, explanation,

167. achievement, accomplishment, performance, effort, fulfillment,

168. shrink, lose, decrease, contract, diminish, dwindle, narrow, shorten,

169. kind, gentle, benign, pleasant, considerate, charitable, friendly, compassionate, courteous, generous, obliging, philanthropic, tender-hearted,

170. maximum, up to, top, ceiling, peak, upper limit, peak,

171. minimum, start at, least, lowest, minimal, slightest, smallest, minimize, constrain,

172. hold-up, delay, postpone, detain, set back, deter, put off, hold over, shelve,

173. intend, plan (to), mean, aim, propose,

174. cold, chilled, chilly, arctic, cool, freezing, frigid, frozen, icy,

175. difficulty, pitfall, problem, hazard, peril, trap, danger, drawback, snag,

176. part, proportion, portion, share, section, scrap, fragment, fraction, piece,

177. book, reserve, arrange for, charter, schedule, arrange, make reservations,

178. ambitious, enterprising, aspiring, eager, avid, striving, zealous, intent,

179. compile, edit, write, put together, accumulate, amass, collect, gather, organize, garner, cull,

180. annual, per year, yearly, once a year, yearlong,

181. romance, love story, love affair, relationship, amour, liaison, attachment,

182. detrimental, damaging, adverse, deleterious, disadvantageous, harmful, unfavourable,

183. helpful, beneficial, conducive,

184. interesting, engrossing, intriguing, appealing, engaging, gripping, attractive,

thought-provoking, compelling,

185. access, entrance,

186. recommend, go for,

187. behind, back,

188. panorama ,view, scene, sight, spectacle, visual, vista,

189. individual, personal,

190. valid, realistic,

191. advancement, promotion,

192. aging, growing old,

193. few, not many, scarce, short supply,

194. less likely, reduced chance, decreased likelihood

195. 悲观的，忧郁的： pessimistic, gloomy, depressed, depressing, hopeless, sad, blue, unhappy,

low-spirited, mournful, dismal, miserable, broken-hearted

pessimistic(a.):悲观的 gloomy (a.): 衰退的, 忧郁的, blue (a.): 这个词可以解释为蓝调即悲伤忧郁的音乐,不过只能用复数形式blues

E.g. She usually calls her mother when she’s feeling

196. 有吸引力的attractive, charming, good-looking, inviting, lovely, pretty, pleasant, tempting,

engaging(engage),

inviting (a.):英英解释：something that is inviting is attractive and makes you want to experience it)

engaging (a.):

197. 颜色colour(red, blue, brown, etc.),hue, pigment, shade, tint, tone, dye,

首先需要和大家说明的是colour的同义词并不是很多，从上的变化来看，对颜色的变化集中在将colour变成几种具体的颜色，这需要大家在考试的时候尤其注意。

hue (n.): 色彩/观点，信念 表示深色的形容词：dark, deep, rich

表示浅色的形容词：light, pale, soft, pastel

表示颜色很鲜艳，很亮的形容词：bright, brilliant, vivid,

shade (n.): 色调，颜色的深浅 pigment, dye (n.): 颜料，染料

tint和tone不需要掌握，大家只需要知道他们两个都是表示颜色的，只需要看到认识，不需要掌握用法。

198. 表达，申明，陈述expression, statement, announcement, communication, declaration,

declaration:

199. 额外的，补充的extra, additional, added, supplementary,

200. 最高点，顶峰peak, summit, top, high point, highest point,

peak (n./v.): E.g. Figures produced at a World Energy Conference showed that oil and gas summit (n.): 山顶/峰会（就是国家首脑间的会议）

201. easy,not difficult,child's play,effortless,no trouble,a piece of cake,

202. 潮湿的damp,wet,moist,humid,cave,

cave (n.): 山洞

同样的，cave和潮湿的意思也是相关，但不同义，这种同义关系属于特征类转换，也就是说山洞具有的特征之一就是潮湿性，这个同义关系在考试中还有不少，随后还会陆续举出

damp (a.):moist (a.):humid (a.):

203. vision, sight, image

204. 电影movie, film, feature, picture, motion picture, moving picture

feature (n.):motion picture: (AM)=movie

205. leisure, recreation, spare time, ease, relaxation, rest

206. 偶然的，不小心的by chance, by accident, accidentally, unintentionally,

incidentally,

by accident:unintentional:incidental：

207. small,tiny,miniature,minute,trivial,insignificant,negligible,minor,marginal

208. measure, calculate, weigh

209. 超越，超过，在……之外exceed, beyond, surpass, beat, outdo, exceed (v.):surpass (v.): outdo (v.):