雷哥GMAT网络课程之GMAT语法知识点

瓦利哥的素材真是惹人喜爱呢！！

“素材告诉你：prep08 Sc1 190，prep08 Sc1 191，prep08 Sc1 220，prep08 Sc2 175，prep08 Sc2 191，prep08 Sc2 193，prep08 Sc2 205，prep08 Sc2 216，prep08 Sc2 220，prep08 Sc2 223，prep08 Sc2 227，prep07 Sc2 2”

190.  (26333-!-item-!-188;#058&001956) 错选了C

The thirteen original British colonies in North America, some formed as commercial ventures, others as religious havens, each had a written charter that set forth its form of government and the rights of the colonists.

！A. some formed as commercial ventures, others as religious havens, each had a written charter

B. some being formed as a commercial venture, others as religious havens, all of which had written charters

C. some that formed as commercial ventures, others as religious havens, all had written charters

D. with some being formed as a commercial venture, others as religious havens, all had a written charter

E. with some formed as commercial ventures, while others as religious havens, each had a written charter

解析：

D．& E． 首先因为The……America不是完整句子，这里的with 结构必然不是独立主格而应该被理解为介宾短语，with的存在使得some并不是指代colonies，而是与colonies相关的东西，这就与题目要表达的意思不同（题目想表达的是“some…others…”作colonies的同位语）；D这里with并没有夹心修饰（即在“S. ,V+ing, V ”结构中，V+ing既可以修饰S.也可以修饰V.）的歧义，因为all/each和colonies是同一样东西，所以向前向后修饰逻辑上都一样（夹心修饰见prep 1-207补充说明）。

C all和后面its form不一致

191.  (32312-!-item-!-188;#058&006469)

The loan company announced it would soon lend money to borrowers with proven records of their not paying back their loans on time, collectively known as the subprime lending market.

A. of their not paying back their loans on time,

！B. of not paying back their loans on time, a group

C. of not paying back their loans on time, with such a group

D. that they do not pay back their loans on time,

E. that they do not pay back their loans on time, such a group

解析：

C. with引导独立主格，其逻辑主语应为主句主语，逻辑不合理

A．with引导一个形容词性介宾短语（with proven records），我们可以转换为have来看:

borrowers have proven records of not paying back their loans on time，...

对比:

borrowers have proven records that they do not pay back their loans on time，...

可以发现整句就这么一个主语，没有必要再次强调主语they

220.  (27530-!-item-!-188;#058&002469)       (GWD-24-8)

The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years. 

A. which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell

B. which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen

！C. which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling

D. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling

E. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen

解析：

D. & E. with独立主格修饰前面的分句，而不是its profits，修饰错误；falling的逻辑主语也成了results，错误

191.  (26866-!-item-!-188;#058&002042)       (GWD-10-Q24)

For the last five years the Dutch economy has grown faster than Britain, France, or Germany, with the unemployment rate having remained well below that of the other three countries. 

A. Britain, France, or Germany, with the unemployment rate having remained

B. have those of Britain, France, or Germany, and the unemployment rate remaining

C. have Britain, France, and Germany, and the unemployment rate has remained

D. the economy of Britain, France, and Germany, with the unemployment rate that has remained

！E. the economies of Britain, France, and Germany, and the unemployment rate has remained

解析：

A．&D. with独立主格的逻辑主语是Dutch economy，要表达的是经济增长和失业率两件事，而不是把with独立主格作为伴随状语修饰前者。

193.  (29942-!-item-!-188;#058&004596)       (T-3-Q2)

As the honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed, staying where it is inserted, this results in the act of stinging causing the bee to sustain a fatal injury.

A. As the honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed, staying where it is inserted, this results in the act of stinging causing

B. As the heavily barbed stinger of the honeybee stays where it is inserted, with the result that the act of stinging causes

C. The honeybee’s stinger, heavily barbed and staying where it is inserted, results in the fact that the act of stinging causes

D. The heavily barbed stinger of the honeybee stays where it is inserted, and results in the act of stinging causing

！E. The honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed and stays where it is inserted, with the result that the act of stinging causes

解析：

with作独立主格应该跟在主谓宾完整的句子后面，表示句子的结果。Manhattan里的说明：At the end of sentence, a result of the main clause can be written with either an absolute phrase or an –ing form.所以，正如笔记里所说的，这里的with the result that 可以替换为resulting that

205.  (28958-!-item-!-188;#058&003313)       (GWD-9-Q17)

Unlike most other mergers in the utility industry, which have been driven by the need to save money and extend companies’ service areas, the merger of the nation’s leading gas and electric company is intended to create a huge marketing network for the utilities in question with states opening their utility markets to competition.

A. and electric company is intended to create a huge marketing network for the utilities in question with states opening

B. and electric companies are intended to create a huge network for marketing the utilities in question as states open

C. and electric companies are intended to create a huge network that will be marketing the utilities in question, with states opening

D. company and electric company are intending to create a huge marketing network for the utilities in question, with states opening

！E. company and leading electric company is intended to create a huge network for marketing the utilities in question as states open

解析：

C. 根据DUKB版主大神的总结帖，with的第一个作用就是adverbial modifier, 作用同comma+Ving结构，作用是provide extra information （when/where/how/why……）这里with states opening伴随修饰be marketing错误。这种修饰和OG13 SC90类似：Visitors to the park have often looked into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline.（这题中，with修饰的是sleeping）

D 我觉得错不在with，最明显的错在于前面are intended

216.  (28818-!-item-!-188;#058&003216)       (GWD-13-1)

Although she had been known as an effective legislator first in the Texas Senate and later in the United States House of Representatives, not until Barbara Jordan’s participation in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon in 1974 was she made a nationally recognized figure, as it was televised nationwide.

A. later in the United States House of Representatives, not until Barbara Jordan’s participation in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon in 1974 was she made a nationally recognized figure, as it was

！B. later in the United States House of Representatives, Barbara Jordan did not become a nationally recognized figure until 1974, when she participated in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which were

C. later in the United States House of Representatives, it was not until 1974 that Barbara Jordan became a nationally recognized figure, with her participation in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which was

D. then also later in the United States House of Representatives, not until 1974 did Barbara Jordan become a nationally recognized figure, as she participated in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, being

E. then also later in the United States House of Representatives, Barbara Jordan did not become a nationally recognized figure until 1974, when she participated in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which was

解析：

with+N. 做adverbial modifier 修饰became，这样的用法是正确的我觉得，C选项的错误也不在于此。

220.  (29238-!-item-!-188;#058&003590)       (GWD-6-Q31)

The fact of some fraternal twins resembling each other greatly and others looking quite dissimilar highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely they vary considerably on a spectrum of genetic relatedness.

A. The fact of some fraternal twins resembling each other greatly and others looking quite dissimilar highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely they vary considerably

！B. That some fraternal twins resemble each other greatly while others look quite dissimilar highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely that they vary considerably

C. With some fraternal twins resembling each other greatly and others looking quite dissimilar, it highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely considerable variation

D. With some fraternal twins resembling each other greatly and others looking quite dissimilar, it is a fact that highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely a considerable variation

E. Because some fraternal twins resemble each other greatly and others look quite dissimilar, this fact highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely they vary considerably

解析：

with独立主格的逻辑主语错误；variation与feature并不对等，因此namely无补充说明对象。这是语法笔记上的解析。

但是根据之前Marie MM 的帖子，with独立主格至于句子前面是可以表示原因的，如果C和D中，with表示原因都是可以的，关键是with结构后的分句有问题：C 中it无所指，D用了强调句型……我仿佛记得Official source有说过，GMAT中使用强调句型是冗余的。

223.  (33083-!-item-!-188;#058&007226)       (T-4-Q16)

Humans have been damaging the environment for centuries by overcutting trees and farming too intensively, and though some protective measures, like the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great increases in population and in the intensity of industrialization are causing a worldwide ecological crisis.

A. though some protective measures, like the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great increases in population

！B. though some protective measures, such as the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, were taken decades ago, great increases in population

C. though some protective measures, such as establishing national forests and wildlife sanctuaries having been taken decades ago, great population increases

D. with some protective measures, like establishing national forests and wildlife sanctuaries that were taken decades ago, great increases in population

E. with some protective measures, such as the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great population increases

解析：

D中with结构做介宾短语修饰the closest noun-great increases，显然不合适；E中，with+N.+having been done作great population increases……的伴随状语，显然也不合适，且E increases后面不平行。

227.   (29896-!-item-!-188;#058&004577)       (GWD-7-Q3)

The state has proposed new rules that would set minimum staffing levels for nurses, rules intended to ensure that at least one nurse is assigned for every four patients put through triage in a hospital emergency room.

！A. rules intended to ensure that at least one nurse is assigned for every four patients put through triage in a hospital emergency room

B. rules with the intent of ensuring one nurse at least to be assigned for every four patients to be put through triage in a hospital emergency room

C. rules intending to ensure at least one nurse is assigned for every four patients in a hospital emergency room put through triage

D. with the intent of ensuring that at least one nurse should be assigned for every four patients in a hospital emergency room that are put through triage

E. and this is intended to ensure one nurse at least to be assigned for every four patients put through triage in a hospital emergency room

解析：

D．with the intent 作伴随状语修饰前面的分句，逻辑主语不管为rules还是state都错误。因为目的是“人”发出的。

B．我认为with介宾短语修饰rules是可以的，错的是其他部分。

2.      (24209-!-item-!-188;#058&001071) 错选了D

In the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, the United States acquired 828,000 square miles for about four cents an acre, which more than doubled the country's size and that brought its western border within reach of the Pacific Ocean.

A.  In the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, the United States acquired 828,000 square miles for about four cents an acre, which more than doubled the country's size and that brought

B.  For about four cents an acre the United States acquired, in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, 828,000 square miles, more than doubling the country's size and it brought

！C.  With the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the United States acquired 828,000 square miles for about four cents an acre, more than doubling its size and bringing

D.  The United States, in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, for about four cents an acre, acquired 828,000 square miles, more than doubling the country's size, bringing

E.  Acquiring 828,000 square miles in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, the United States bought it for about four cents an acre, more than doubling the country's size and bringing

解析：

with作为介宾短语，修饰the US acquired……，表示美国用……的方式获得。加上bring its western border within reach of the Pacific Ocean和doule the country’s size 都是美国获得土地的结果，应该用and并列，且使用comma+Ving 表示immediate result。

D错在用comma把bringing和more than doubling 隔开，使得bringing不再是结果，而是作为定语修饰最邻近的名词。

总结with的用法

1.       独立主格做伴随状语，逻辑主语为preceding sentence的主语，修饰preceding sentence的主谓，谓语，或整个句子。

2.       独立主格放在句首表示原因

3.       独立主格放在句末表示结果，用法同“comma+Ving 置于句末表示immediate result”

4.       遵从touch rule做就近动词的adverbial modifier

5.       作介宾短语，遵从touch rule修饰就近名词

最后，CONTEXT IS THE KING !!!!!!!!——by DUKB24