一、短文写作/大作文

1. 题目：Academic Dishonesty on Campus（观点表达型） 写作要求

Recent surveys show that a lot of college students download papers from the Internet to save the trouble of doing the assignments. This kind of academic dishonesty does harm to the students.

You are required to analyze its harmful effects and suggest some ways to prevent it. Write on Answer Sheet Two a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:

Academic Dishonesty on Campus

You are to write in three parts.

In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.

In the second part, provide reasons to support your opinion with appropriate details. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.

审题思路

本题是一道现象解释说明/结果预测型的题目，要求分析学术欺骗行为可能会有什么样的恶果，并提出预防措施 。可以从以下几方面进行分析 ：

关于结果方面：⑴ 对个人能力 、诚信等方面不利 ；⑵ 对他人不公平，造成恶劣影响 ；可以单说一项 ，也可以综合起来说 。

关于建议方面：⑴ 事先说明这种做法的后果，进行教育；⑵ 采取惩罚措施 。

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范文赏析

Academic Dishonesty on Campus

It is shown in the recent surveys that many college students copy papers from the Internet to save the trouble of doing their assignments. In my opinion, this kind of academic dishonesty is very harmful to these students.

引言部分 ：作者先提出有学生从网上抄文章以完成老师布置的任务，然后提出自己的观点：这种行为对学生是不利的。

First, copying papers from the Internet makes students lazy. Copying papers from the Internet seems easy and can save some time and trouble; seldom work hard to complete their papers on their own. In other words, students will become lazier and lazier. Second, students can learn little from copying others’ work. Students cannot improve their abilities just by downloading papers from the Internet without their own thinking and working. What’s worse, once students get used to academic cheating, they may also cheat in other cases in the future, which will be very dangerous for them, especially when it’s put down in the honesty record.

主体部分：作者在这里给出了三个理由：使学生变懒 ；学不到东西，破坏诚信。这里使用 了first，second，what s worse来连接这些理由。这里的一个亮点是近义词的使用，如 ：copy papers from the Internet ，academic

dishonesty ，copy others work ，download papers from the internet，academic cheating 等都是表示学术舞弊行为。

Therefore, in order to prevent academic dishonesty on campus, some punishments by the school may be necessary. But the most important thing is that teachers should talk to those students, and make them aware of the fact that copying others’ work cannot bring them any knowledge and that only by working hard can they improve themselves.

总结部分：作者用therefore自然引入结论部分，提出自己的建议：需要惩罚，但更要教育。

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2. 题目：Studying Abroad: Hardships and Rewards（利弊分析型） 写作要求

Nowadays more and more students choose to go abroad after they graduate from colleges and universities. They say that they benefit a lot from it, though some people argue that there are many hardships and difficulties. What’s your opinion about it?

Write on Answer Sheet Two a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:

Studying Abroad: Hardships and Rewards

You are to write in three parts.

In the first part, state specifically what your idea is.

In the second part, provide reasons to support your opinion OR describe your idea. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.

审题思路

本题是一个观点选择型的题目，就目前大学生在毕业后选择 留学的利弊孰大孰小进行分析。题目可以从以下几个方面入手：

思路1：利大于弊

虽然有困难 ，但整体上利大于弊，利体现在 ：1. 教学软件硬件优异 ；2. 有利于将来就业等。

思路2 ：弊大于利

虽然有好处 ，但整体上弊大于利 ，弊体现在 ：1. 费用昂贵 ；2. 文化差异 ，难以融入其中等。

思路3 ：应具体问题具体分析 ，因人而异

留学有益 ，体现参考思路1；

留学也有弊端 ，体现参考思路2 ；

是否选择留学 ，应根据个人情况而定 。

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范文赏析

Studying Abroad: Hardships and Rewards

There is no denying the fact that studying abroad is a hotly debated topic today. As far as I’m concerned, I believe hardships and rewards coexist and people have to consider it from all sides.

引言部分：作者先提出留学是个热门话题 ，然后说明留学有利有弊应全面综合来考虑 。这表明下文将既讲利又讲弊。

Obviously, studying abroad has a number of rewards. In the ?rst place, a student can have access to advanced science and technology as well as desirable working conditions which might not be available at home. In the second place, he can be exposed to entirely new ideas and trends. Last but not least, by living and studying in a foreign country, one can improve his foreign language much faster than at home. Nevertheless, as every coin has two sides, studying abroad also confronts one with a series of hardships. For one thing, learning a foreign language is far from an easy thing at the beginning for most people. For another, a completely new environment with different customs and habits may also be a barrier to overseas students, especially to the young. An added difficulty lies with finance: it can cost a lot to study abroad.

主体部分：作者先说有几个显而易见的益处是列举观点时常用的句式。然后用“In the first place, ... In the second place, ... Last but not least” 。

nevertheless进行转折，说明留学会让人遇到很多困难。这时列举所用的句式换为“for one thing ... for another...”使文章更富有变化。

Therefore, studying abroad should be viewed as a two-edged sword, which presents us with both benefits and troubles. The best policy, as I see it, is to take into consideration his financial conditions and his ability to adapt to new surrounding. Personally, I’d choose to go abroad and study if I find it necessary.

总结部分 ：作者概述上面所列利弊，用“a two-edged sword”来概括再恰 当不过，并提出选择出国留学的标准应该是“take into consideration his financial conditions and his ability to adapt to new surrounding”。 4

3. 题目：How to Improve Students Mental Health（解决问题型） 写作要求

Nowadays some college students suffer from mental diseases and even commit suicide. How to improve students’ mental health has now become a hot topic. What’s your suggestion?

Write on Answer Sheet Two a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:

How to Improve Students’ Mental Health

You are to write in three parts.

In the first part, state specifically what your idea is.

In the second part, provide reasons to support your opinion OR describe your idea.

In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and

appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.

审题思路

本题是一道典型的问题解决/建议型的题目，从题目到写作要求都明确说明文章要围绕如何提高学生的精神健康来写，通常可以从 以下几方面着手：

1. 从社会层面来看，教育体制上应该给学生更为宽松的环境，使学生能全面发展；

2. 从学校层面来看，学校应关注学生的身心健康，设立心理工作室等，进行心理问题的预防和辅导；

3. 从家长层面来看，家长应时常关心孩子的心理想法，而不是只注重学习成绩；

4. 从学生层面来看，学生自己应该适当了解一些心理常识，开发多种兴趣，能自我纾解负面情绪 。

以上这些方面并不意味着在一篇文章中都要涉及 ，只要从其中一两个方面提出建议并详细陈述理由即可。

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范文赏析

How to Improve Students’ Mental Health

Students’ mental health, an issue neglected for long, has now gained increasing public concern. As to how to improve it, heated discussions are right on their way. As far as I’m concerned, the university should set up a mental health workshop to improve students’ psychological health. It’s necessary for the following reasons.

引言部分：作者先复述题干中的背景，然后直抒胸臆：大学应成立心理工作室， 并以for the following reasons引出下文。

For one thing, many problems of mental disorder may be nipped in the bud. Many students may find it hard to deal with pressure from study and personal relationships, and therefore pains, puzzles and frustration may arise. The workshop will be a place for the young people to release their pressure by talking it away8 with teachers there. In the mean time, teachers may have a chance to detect signs of psychological problems in advance and take precautious measures accordingly. For another, students may know some ways to improve their mental health. If the experts of the workshop can give lectures on regular basis, those students suffering from mental disturbances will know what to do and face their problems bravely.

主体部分 ：作者以for one thing和for another 引出两个原因，而且用短句点题 ，用长句解释，长短结合，非常恰当。另外近义词的使用也给文章增加了变化性 ， 如mental ，illness ，disease，disturbance 等 。如果有三个或以上的原因，可以参考使用以下几组词 ：To begin with，then，furthermore finally；To start with，next，in addition，finally；First and foremost，besides，last but not least；Most important of all，moreover finally。

From the factors mentioned above, we may safely draw the conclusion that a mental health workshop can play a vital role in students’ daily life and help to protect them from mental illness.

总结部分 ：作者用 from the factors mentioned above自然结尾，并再次重申自己的观点，与开头部分呼应。

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二、便条写作/小作文

范文（一）：Section B note-writing (建议信)

Write a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:

Jane, your classmate, is thinking of buying an MP3. And you would like to recommend one to her. Write a note, telling her which brand it is and describing two features of the MP3.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.

April 19, 2014

Dear Jane,

I am told that you want to buy an MP3, and I think the Newman 2A is a good choice for you. It's as small as your thumb and can be easily taken everywhere. And the tone of Newman 2A is so excellent that once you used it, you might want to listen on and on. That's why I guess you will like it.

Yours,

Tom

（范文二）section B note-writing （邀请信）

Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:

You have got two concert tickets. Write a note to your friend, Amy, describing briefly about the concert and invite her to come with you. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.

April19, 2014

Dear Amy,

I am so glad to tell you that I have got two tickets of a concert given by a famous band. This band is good at playing classical music which I know you are very fond of. Would you please go to the concert with me tomorrow night? It will begin at 7:00 pm.

Yours,

Tom

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（范文三）SECTION B NOTE-WRITING （告假信）

Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:

You have just received a phone call from your mother at the" hospital. She is ill and you must get there right away. Write a note to your teacher to ask for leave.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.

April 19, 2014

Dear Professor Li,

I am sorry that I have to ask for 2-days' leave. I have just received a phone call from my mother at the hospital. She is ill and I must get there right away. I will try my best to make up for the missing lessons and finish all the homework on time. Thanks a lot for your understanding!

Yours,

Tom

（范文四）SECTION B NOTE-WRITING （道歉信）

Write a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:

You promised to help Jenny buy a book at the weekend, but you got a cold yesterday and you are going to visit the doctor at the weekend. Write her a note to apologize.

April 19, 2014

Dear Jenny,

I am sorry to tell you that I cannot buy the book for you this weekend as I have promised. I caught a cold yesterday, and it becomes worse today. I am going to see a doctor this weekend. I am terribly sorry! I would buy the book for you next weekend if you need.

Yours,

Joan

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（范文五）SECTION B NOTE-WRITING （拒绝信）

Write a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: Your friend Clare has invited you to attend her graduation ceremony this weekend. However, you will be away then. Write her a note politely declining her invitation and expressing your best wishes to her. April 19, 2014

Dear Clare,

Thanks a lot for inviting me to attend your graduation ceremony this weekend. However, I will be out of town by that time. I have to go to Guangzhou for a job interview which is very important for me. What a pity! I wish you a splendid future and I will surely bring you gift from Guangzhou.

Yours,

Ted

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（一）个人观点表达型

这类题型要求考生就某一现象或观点表明自己的看法，题目中往往会出现这样的表达：

My view on ...My idea of ...

近十年来纯粹的个人观点表达型已不多见，一般都是给背景介绍和对立的观点让考生选择 ，但是我们依然要未雨绸缪，做到有备无患。重要的是理清思路，抓住重点，这样才不至于在考试中走得太远 。

典型真题

(1992) My View on Reading Extensively

(1993) My Idea of Becoming a Teacher in the Future

解题思路

很多同一看到个人观点表达型的文章就激动不已，文思如泉涌，还想进行分类讨论 ，比如，19xx年的题目，有的考生写道，小时候要多读书，广泛地读(reading extensively) ，到了本科或研究生阶段就要术业有专攻(reading selectively) ；连具体的时间节点都安排好了。这对于考场中的“烤鸭”们来说是自找麻烦，一是时间不允许，二是专四的大作文都有要求 ，写三段，You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state clearly what your view is. In the second part, support your view with appropriate reasons. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. 显然没有太多空间来作分类讨论。其实这类题型和前面所述的观点选择型非常接近，无非就是yes or no。比如，要么，我觉得应该广泛地涉猎 、广博地阅读 ，优势有哪些 ，一二三罗列并扩展；要么，我的观点是阅读应少而精， 有的放矢，不支持所给观点，reading extensively的弊端在哪里，摆事实讲道理。总之，不要模棱两可 ，要有明确的观点。只要有理可讲、论述合理 ，都可以成为一篇好文章。

常用模板

引言段 ：There is no consensus of (opinions/ disagreements) among people as to the view of --------. Some people suggest that --------, while some other people argue that --------. As far asI am concerned, -------- （提出自己的论点 ）.

主体段 ：提供论据 ，证明自己的观点 ：First and foremost, --------. Furthermore, --------.Last but not the least important, --------. 总结段 ：To put all into a nutshell, it is natural to reach a conclusion that --------.

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（二）分析利弊型/差异型

在这类题型中，考生往往被要求分析某件事情的利弊或是两件事情之间的差异 ，题干中会明确地提到以下关键词 ：

advantages and disadvantages；merits and demerits

strengths and weaknesses；benefits and dangers

positive and negative；the importance/significance/benefits of ... the main differences between ... and ...

典型真题

(2003)

People in modern society live under a lot of pressure, from education, career or family. So it is important for them to keep a good mood under whatever circumstances.

The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood

(2008) December 5th is International Volunteers’ Day. Since 1985, when the United Nations announced the special day, tens of millions of people around the world have volunteered to help those in need. China now has 4.5 million registered volunteers that have provided more than 4.5 billion hours of volunteer work. What can you gain from volunteering? Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:

The Bene?ts of Volunteering

解题思路

考生要看清题目的要求，有时是需要利弊两方面都谈，有时题干中已经规定好了是写优势、重要性还是弊端。阅卷人往往希望看到考生的文章思路开阔、条理清晰，比如20xx年的题目，题干要求论述“志愿活动的好处”，主体部分可以着重论述志愿活动对社会的好处，也可以论述志愿活动给志愿者本人带来的好处，还可以兼顾两方面。构思立意时要从多个角度论述自己的观点，并对所有素材加以整合、归纳。以讨论“对志愿者自己的好处”为例，考生可以讨论如下好处： 第一，提升交际、沟通能力（包括扩大交际面，与不同的人打交道，协调不同的关系，理解不同的立场等）。

第二，提高工作能力、学以致用（主要谈对自己知识、技能的提高有什么作用，包括学校知识的运用、实际能力的提高等，注意与前面的“交际能力”有所区分）。 第三，成就感，获得心理上的满足（获得尊敬与承认，实现自我价值）。

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常用模板

1. （一方强调）

引言段：AAA has improved the quality of our lives and is playing an important role in our daily life. （AAA has been playing an increasingly important role in our daily life and its advantages are undeniable to us.）The benefits that AAA brings to us are far more than its disadvantages. However, we cannot ignore its problems.

主体段：On the positive side, AAA has enabled us to （Most importantly,） (AAA 的优势1). For instance, ...Besides, （We should also focus our attention on） (优势2). Nowadays, ... In addition,（ Likewise,… is worth some words here.） (详细阐述)

(优势3), such as ... On the negative side, (AAA的弊端1). For example, ... Besides, (弊端2). Furthermore, (弊端3).

总结段 ：All in all, we cannot live without AAA for the convenience it brings to us, but we should also be aware of the negative effects it creates on the modern life.（It is no denying that we cannot live without AAA. It ..., ..., and ...）（再总结压缩一下AAA的优势或重要性 ）

2.（两相比较）

引言段 ：(复述题干背景) Comparing AAA with BBB, there do exist many differences. （Comparing AAA with BBB, there are many differences, among which the most prominent one lies in ...） 主体段 ：The maj or difference lies in ... (详细阐述). There is also a difference in the aspect of ...(详细阐述)

总结段 ：To sum up, AAA and BBB are different considering ... and ...（Looking into AAA and BBB, the major difference is that ...）

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（三）解决问题型/建议型

这类题型往往是给考生一个社会现象或者背景 ，让考生提出解决问题的方案 ，抑或是提建议想法，题干中的高频词汇如下 ：

one way to solve the problem

the best way to ...

ideas and suggestions

典型真题

(2002)

Nowadays people are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of health. And they have different ways to stay healthy. For example, some exercise every day; others try to keep a balanced diet. What do you think is the best way to stay healthy?

The Best Way to Stay Healthy

(2005)

The Students’ Union of your university is planning to hold an arts festival next semester, and they are inviting students to contribute their ideas and suggestions as to how it should be organized or what should be included.

My Idea of a University Arts Festival

解题思路

我们鼓励考生应该有新的构思、多彩的想法，当然也要避讳想法新颖但却无法用英语来表达的窘境。

一般的模式是在引言段复述题干内容，直截了当提出自己的idea，点明自己即将要在后文阐述的这个建议或解决方案好在哪里，为什么特别推崇这个方案。接下来就是摆事实讲道理，最后把文章引入一个自然的总结段中即可。

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常用模板

引言段 ：复述题干中的背景

a. -------- has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their ways.

b. Recently, -------- has become the focus of the society. And in this way, people swarm to -------- and serious problems follow.

c. -------- has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought us a lot of benefits but created some serious problems as well.

d. Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of--------. I would like to suggest a way to solve the problem. We might as well (解决 的方案). It is necessary that we do so for the following reasons.

主体段 ：For one thing, It is feasible and effective for the following reasons... (方案的优势1). (详细阐述) For another, (方案的优势2). （In this way, not only can students ..., but also they are able to …） (详细阐述) 或者有3种以上优势和理由的，参考使用 ： To begin with, then, furthermore, finally

To start with, next, in addition, finally

First and foremost, besides, last but not least

Most important of all, moreover, finally

总结段 ：Above all, it is highly recommendable that we solve the problem in/through ... for its advantages of A, B and C （I hope that my ideas and suggestions will contribute a lot to ...）

(这里再把理 由压缩一下叙述一遍).

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