An effective leader should always make members feel that they are part of decision-making process.

An effective leader should be someone who can make everybody in the team contribute the best that he or she can do. | Some people suppose that being such a leader only requires strong leadership. However, I think this oversimplifies the situation. | Actually, besides leadership, a successful leader should also have a way to make members feel that they are part of decision-making process, and this will benefit the whole team in different ways. team is more likely to see things in perspective and come up with better solutions to problems and issues. leaders act as bossy dictators, members are unlikely to let them know that they have good ideas they are asked to share. | My father is a very successful manager and he often asks advice and suggestions from each and every members of his and my father always gets enough references that he needs.

Cooperation is always a necessary condition for victory, they are concerned are more likely to carry out the plan that is partly made by themselves. | The French national football team here can serve as a good example to prove that members will not cooperate if they are not respected. They did poorly in 2010 world cup their internal home without scoring.

A leader who allows everyone to talk can even make the team stronger than it is supposed to team members will even contribute their social connections to help their own team succeed. Different jobs require various resources and skills, and team members cannot handle they may need assistance outside the friends or family members of the team members may come in handy. | There was a boy who worked as an intern in my father’s department. asked him for advice from time to time, the boy finally surprised my father by asking his uncle, a government officer, to authorize a project that my father had attempted to involved for a long time. more devoted and will contribute their best to the team. the leader will become an effective and successful one even if he or she is not the most skillful one.

综合写作：

1 The passage, the author, reading material

2 The professor, listening material, the lecturer,

3 However, on the contrary, while, but, yet

4 According to, suggest, claim, indicate, point out, believe, argue, state, contend, say, assert 5 To begin with, on top of that, lastly

6 This directly contradicts what the passage indicates.

This is entirely oppose to writer’s opinion.

This is where the speaker disagree with the writer.

The government should spend more money on young children’s education than on university education. Education has many stages, including young children’s education and university education. |These days, many believe that the government should spend more funds on the former one. However, I think this is a misunderstanding. with different knowledge and skills that we need in the future, they are equally important and they deserve equal money.

Young children’s education teaches students how to learn and what they are supposed to it lays ground work for students’ further education. |Take myself for example. references helped me a lot with my further study in high school and college. we go to university, we pick out majors I recently realized that my learning experience in primary school is a convincing reference for me to make the right choice. I clearly remembered any major that relates to math and prefer to get involved with any career that requires English skills.

University education prepares students for the competitive job market by equipping them with knowledge and skills for both working and communicating. | My sister here can serve as a good example. She is now a university student and she takes specialized courses in which she learns how to operate certain equipment and how to use specific software that may her with her job hunting, and internships also help her and her classmates get exposure to the real participations in their further careers. Besides studying hard, she attends many club activities in her leisure time as well, and she admits that she ran for the class president because she wanted to practice her public speaking skill, aiming to get some advantages when having job interviews. Only students in colleges and universities enjoy the opportunities to get involved in such a wild range of preparation for careers.

Young children’s education and universities education are two necessary stages of our life-long education. They cannot replace each other. It would be rigid to say that the government should spend more money on any of them.

 

第二篇：托福考试独立写作范文

Q:考试前,是否应该了解一下考场信息?

A:条件允许的话,当然是去考场看一下具体位置比较好一点,以免考试当天过于匆忙.如果条件不允许，可以参见小马过河编委会制作的《最全最新全国IBT考场情况总结》可以帮你更详细的了解考场情况

*Q:考试当天,什么时间到达考场比较合适?

A:最晚提前半小时就要到,不过个人觉得还是提前40分钟最为适宜,便于存放东西,早进考场,这样听力考试时不易受到其他人口语的干扰。而且有的考场要求不一样，如果晚于提前半小时到场就算迟到，迟到的考生不予退款或安排重考

*Q:考场要求哪些证件?

A:通常有护照的人直接拿护照就可以进场了;没有护照的话,拿身份证外加一份第二证件例如: 驾驶证、带钢印的工作证、往来港澳通行证、外国人居留证、外国人工作许可证、港澳居民回乡证，或由正规大专院校颁发的学生证，学生证需要注册过

*Q:如果没有第二类证件怎么办?

A:没有的话,可以准备身份证明信(此类证明必须有本人的照片,签字,身份证号码,以及个人体貌特征描述和经办单位人事部门的有效直线电话,经办人签字,并且在照片上封盖两个章介绍单位的公章和人事章)--- 1,学生从所在学校和档案存放人事部开具证明信 2,个人人事档案在本公司存档的职工从人事部开具证明信，并骑缝盖2个章：所在单位的公章和人事章3,个人人事档案不在本公司存档的职工，除了开具本公司证明信（照片上骑缝盖公司章），务必在档案所在地加盖人事部骑缝章。（人才交流中心或街道办事处存档处）4,不属于以上情形的考生，可以到户籍所在地派出所开具证明信，应该有照片并以在照片上骑缝加盖户籍章的格式打印户籍证明

*Q:到达考场,开始考试之前,都会做些什么?

A:到考场外面,通常就是先签一个关于承诺不泄露考试题目的协议,然后准备充分的就可以将你携带的物品进行寄存了(考场会给你指定存放地点),但是一定不要把证件寄存,因为进考场的时候需要;接着就是排队等候拍照核对身份,发草稿纸和铅笔,进入考场

*Q:考试前签的协议大致是什么内容?

A:是关于你的名字,考场地点,还有抄写一段承诺不会泄露考题的保证

考试中

*Q:进入考场后开始答题之前有什么注意事项?

A:进入考场,考官会给你指定一台电脑就坐,这时应该核对显示器上你的照片、注册号、姓名生日是否相符,如果相符,考务人员会帮你点击屏幕上的确定,进入考试界面

*Q:进入考试界面是直接考试答题吗?

A:不是.通常一进入界面,会先让戴上耳机试音,在这段时间内你可以通过滑动界面右上角的volume滑块,调出适合你的音量;然后会让你试一下麦克风是否正常,如果都正常你就可以选

择右上角的continue,开始考试,不过这之前还要有考试要求,如果不想听直接跳过,开始考试 *Q:考试顺序是怎样的呢?

A:阅读

听力

口语

写作

*Q:考试的每一项都包含什么?

A:①阅读通常包含2个section,第一个有一篇文章限时20分钟,第二个包含两篇文章限时40分钟,如果遇到了加试,会增加一个40分钟2篇文章的section

②听力通常也包括2个section每个里面包含有一篇长对话和两篇长演讲,如果遇到加试,会增加一个和前两个section内容结构一样的section(听力和阅读加试不会同时遇到)每个section的答题时间都为20分钟

③口语包含6道题1,2是选择类题目3,5是校园场景的对话总结题目4,6是学术段子的总结题,其中3,4题是先看文字材料然后听段子然后口述,5,6题是直接听段子口述

④写作先是综合写作20min,然后是独立写作30min

*Q:阅读考试中,界面是怎样的?

A:考试界面右面是阅读材料,左边是题目,右上角有倒计时,你可以选择隐藏(不过通常这样比较冒险,容易答不完),每次只出一道题目,每道题的答案所对应段落的前面会有一个→,做完每道题,点右上角的next进入下一题,当然也可以退回来检查,注意阅读的最后一题是将正确的选项用鼠标拖到相应的位置,如果要修改也是如此拖动,如果都答完了觉得没有问题的话,点击右上角的continue进入下一个section,或听力考试

*Q:听力考试界面是怎样的?

A:听力考试的段子播放界面是一幅图外加时间条,这时千万不要多看那幅图而是抓紧时间记笔记,听力段子结束之后是答题界面,题目是先出题目后出选项,一定要注意是听力考试答题顺序是单向的,而且同一个section都一起计时(答完后面的是回不到前面的,所以要多多注意右上角的时间,合理的安排),每个section的答题时间都是10分钟,再就是听力答题在进入下一题的时候,不光要点next,还要再点一下ok才能进入下一题,都答完后,点击continue进行中场休息

*Q:听力考试开始之后音量仍然可以调节吗?

A:可以,但是建议最好提前调试到何时状态,段子开始再调会影响听力内容的接收而且非常容易死机

*Q:听力结束后是自动进入休息状态吗?

A:对,屏幕上会显示出让你去休息的指示,同时屏幕上的倒计时便会开始,建议自备一块手表,掌握休息时间

*Q:休息多长时间?

A:10分钟

*Q:休息时间通常应该做些什么?

A: 利用好休息的时间，上个洗手间，吃点东西,喝点水，最好回座位上，这样就可以听到旁边别人说的口语内容，会比只用15～20秒的准备时间去思考该说什么有优势多了 *Q:通常中场休息该补充些什么东西呢?

A:水是必须的,但不要太多,后半场想上厕所就不好了,润一下嗓子有利于更好的说口语就好;吃的东西最好不要是巧克力之类的甜食,容易对嗓子的发挥产生影响,可以是苹果之类的水果,既补充能量,又可以润嗓子

*Q:休息时间结束,电脑界面会自动跳转吗?

A:会的,屏幕会提示你进入了下一项考试,同时让你试音,看看麦克风有没有什么异样,这时一定要仔细的试试,否则会影响后面的成绩

*Q:口语考试的界面是什么样的?

A:口语考试1,2题的界面都是你描述的题目要求,同时会有准备/陈述时间的倒计时;3,4题界面同样包括题目的要求和倒计时,同时会有要求你看得文字材料出现,30秒后消失;5,6题界面同1,2题(注:口语考试的界面,随着题目的变化是自动跳转,不需要手动操作)

*Q:口语考试需要注意哪些?

A:最最关键的就是声音要洪亮,不要不好意思,声音小更加容易被旁边的人干扰;同时注意时间的分配,不要过于匆忙更不能太慢,错过主要信息;3,4,5,6题注意笔记的精简,同时抓主要信息,尤其要能看懂自己记的内容

*Q:综合写作的界面是什么?

A:进入到综合写作界面,首先是左边出现限时3分钟的阅读材料,3分钟后材料会自动消失,开始播放听力材料,听力材料结束后,刚才隐去的阅读内容会在屏幕的左边重新出现,同时屏幕右侧会有让你输入的空格,限时20分钟,最少150字(注:写作中大小写都是需要自己转换,段落自己分),如果提前答完检查没问题了,可以点击右上角的continue进入独立写作

*Q:独立写作的界面是怎样的?

A:左侧是给出的论述题目，右侧的空格输入内容，限时30分钟，最少300词，如果提前答完并且检查无误后，可以交卷

交卷界面怎么操作?————吐血提醒

答完独立写作后,如果是你主动交卷,需要点击右上角的continue,

这是屏幕上会出现两个问题，第一个是问你是否保存并发送此次考试，想取消的同学可以在这里点“ No ”，一般大家都要保留此次成绩，所以直接点 " Yes ”就行；第二个是问你是否允许ETS（美国教育考试服务中心）使用你此次考试的资料做研究用，这个就看个人意愿了，之后考试就算结束了.如果不太肯定交卷的步骤的话,可以举手请考官过来替你交卷