四六级写作预测及范文:图表题

四六级写作预测及范文:图表题

图表题

A. staying at home

B. traveling C. doing social investigation D. other ways From the two charts, we can see that in the past ten years the students who go traveling and do social investigations during vacations have increased greatly while those who stay at home have decreased a lot. There are several reasons for the changes. Firstly, with the development of economy, many people have become better off. Students can get financial support from their parents for traveling. Secondly, tourism has greatly developed over the past ten years. Many new scenic spots have been built and exploited. In addition, the students today are expected and encouraged to participate in facing the real world. In this way they can obtain the necessary experiences required when they go job-hunting upon graduation. From the changes in the charts, we can predict that more and more college students will make their vacations interesting and worthwhile by going to the outside world instead of staying at home.

 

第二篇:四六级图表作文的写作

四六级图表作文的写作

20xx年 12月 29日 恩波教育 贡献

早就答应了zheren,给大家最后阶段的复习做点指导,但真是太歉疚了,一直都没能写新的文章——最近的日子实在是太忙了。算算明天上午五节课,下午开会,之后去苏州,是断没有时间的,所以今夜写一点深刻的个人体会,希望对大家能有所帮助。今天就写一点关于图表作文的话题,论坛上已有不少这方面的内容(如词的用法),我就把自己独有的想法说一下。

一. 图表作文发展的历史背景

图表作文在四六级98年6月四六级作文合题之前共出现过五次,其中六级四次(均为chart),四级一次(为table)。合题从98年月始到03年1月止,共十次,只是在02年6月考过一次图表作文。之后分题之后,六级在03年6月与9月连续两次考察了图表作文(9月的考试是北京等七省市由于众所周知的原因而推迟的考试)。

图表作文历来被认为是一种相对高级的写作形式,所以早期多在六级出现。图表作文至少包含描述图表与解释原因两个部分,所以字数较长,因此首次四六级同时使用与字数的增加正好恰合。而图表作文的提纲中很少只包含两个部分,即只要求大家描述图表与解释原因,如02年6月第3条提纲即是“你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题”,而03年6月六级考试第3条提纲是“说明这些变化对个人和社会产生的影响”,这就构成了混合模板的文章(上述两篇都是原因——后果/影响类的文章)。即使提纲中只有两点(如96年6月六级),最后下结论时还是要或多或少有一些办法或展望式的话语,这跟原因类文章是一样的。

二. 图表数据的描述

不管是chart还是table(由于在四六级考试中还未出现过考研中常见的cartoon,所以此

文暂不引入此话题),都必须进行描述,而且最好放在文章的第一部分,且长度不宜过短(根据具体情况而定),也不要太长(一般不要超过第二段的长度)。虽然在实际阅卷中,阅卷老师对于数据描述的总的容忍度很高,也就是只要语言正确,采用不同的方法均可以,但是阅卷老师之间由于种种原因,在此问题上的理解很不一致,甚至有的人不看第一部分,直接跳至第二部分,所以这里给出一点意见,即在第一段的处理上建议大家应采用折中的手法,即总结规律、切中要害(引用数字要见机行事),而不要过细,面面俱到,或者直接得出规律而完全抛开数据。

描述数据我们要首先看看是几个变量(A),每个变量有几个数据(B),不妨以A*B表示。现在大多数时间是chart,需要大家读图,表格只出现过一次,而这次的变量和数值都很多(91年6月四级,是4*5)。

1*2太简单,基本上不会出。最常见的是1*3(如02年6月)、2*2(如96年6月六级)和2*3(如03年6月六级),而2*3一般说来是一一描述数据的上限了。

02年6月是柱状图,只有一个变量,有三个数据,可以描述如下(选自《黄金模板》): From the chart we can see clearly that the average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week has increased from less than two hours in 1990 to nearly four hours in 1995, and then to 20 hours in 2000.

此句中and then前面有一个逗号。有的同学问能否在描述数字前就下结论,我们来看一下。

From the chart we can see clearly that the average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week has been on the rise C it increased from less than two hours in 1990 to nearly four hours in 1995, and then to 20 hours in 2000.

在这里并未取得太大的效果,还不如上面一种方法简洁,但有的时候这种做法是不错的。 我们来看96年的6级:

Health Gains in Developing Countries (1996.6)

1. 以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命(life expectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infant mortality)的变化情况

2. 说明引起变化的各种原因

这里是2*2的情形,我们可以采用简洁的办法来描述。

During the period from 1960 to 1990, the life expectancy of developing countries rose from 40 years to nearly 60 years, while infant mortality decreased from 200 deaths per 1000 births to around 100. (选自《黄金模板》)

这里用while突显对比,是一种非常好的办法,就把数据的描写及其鲜明的对比,都浓缩在一句话中了。这里说明我们深刻地理解了两个变量之间的关系。

我们来看看三个同学的写法:

第一篇

In the last 30 years, the life expectancy has risen while the infant mortality has declined in developing countries. In 1960, the life expectancy was about 40 years. And in 1990, it reached almost 60. On the other hand, the infant mortality was almost 200 deaths per 1000 births in 1960 and the figure dropped to 100 in 1990.

这是上述写法的变体。首句为总结,下面分述。两个方面都是分数据写,未合并——前

面分两句写,后面用and构成并列句。

第二篇

The given graph tells us the changes in the life expectancy and infant mortality in developing countries between 1960 and 1990.

We can see from the graph that in developing countries, the life expectancy in 1960 was about 40 years, but in 1990, it increased to about 60 years. During the same period the infant mortality rate dropped from 20% to 10%.

第一段只起介绍的作用,并未总结趋势。二段描述比上篇简洁,因为后面的数据借助drop,变成了一句;前面的数据借助but,成为了并列句,还用了increase,这样增长的趋热就出来了。

第三篇

During the past thirty years, developing countries have made great progress in many aspects. The health conditions, which are connected closely with people’s lives, have considerably improved. The typical changes are the increase of the life expectancy and the decrease of the infant mortality.

According to statistics, the life expectancy of developing countries was only about forty years in 1960 while it was some sixty years in 1990. On the other hand, the infant mortality has

decreased from about 200 deaths per 1000 births in 1960 to about 100 deaths per 1000 births in 1990. We can see the improvement of the health conditions in developing countries from these data.

这篇文章引起的争议很大。第一段是个总括性的段落,到底好不好呢?我认为,前两句应整合。

During the past thirty years, the health conditions of developing countries have considerably improved. The typical changes are the increase of the life expectancy and the decrease of the infant mortality.

这样就好很多了,否则文章的结构有失调之嫌。

的确,文章有开篇句是很重要的,但是这里我们再细想一下,还是太麻烦了。我们可将前两段整合为一段。

During the past thirty years, the health conditions of developing countries have considerably improved. The typical changes are the increase of the life expectancy and the decrease of the infant mortality. According to statistics, the life expectancy of developing countries was only about forty years in 1960 while it was some sixty years in 1990. On the other hand, the infant mortality has decreased from about 200 deaths per 1000 births in 1960 to about 100 deaths per 1000 births in 1990. (We can see the improvement of the health conditions in developing countries from these data.)

The improvement of the health conditions is first of all dependent on …

有了下段首句的呼应,这时加括号的句子就可以删去了。这里较难,请备考六级的同学琢磨一下。这里的第二句还能否变得更简洁呢?这个问题留给大家。

03年6月的六级作文是3*3的情形,可以按整合两篇文章的方法进行。

Changes in the Ownership of Houses

1. 根据上图描述该市住房产权的变化

2. 分析产生这些变化的原因

3. 说明这些变化对个人和社会产生的影响

From the chart, we can see clearly that in a big city in China, state-owned houses declined from 75% in 1990 to 60% in 1995 and then to 20% in 2000, while private houses rose from 25% to 40% and then to 80% during the same period. (选自《黄金模板》)

当然,有许多同学用两句话来描述,也是完全可以的,这里只是提供一种办法,来供大家借鉴。

如果是1*13的情形,是较难处理的,如某地89年至01年的青少年犯罪率,89年不是最低,01年不是最高,许多同学感觉棘手,实际上只要把上升的态势写出来就可以了。 The certain region’s juvenile delinquency rate has been generally rising ever since 1989 and by 2001, was more than 50% higher than 1989 levels.

这里教了大家一个杀手锏,就是描述最后一个与第一个增长了多长。这里的简洁大家细细品味吧。

说到多变量、每个变量多数据的情形,又该怎样呢?大家想想这道题。

Living Expenditure of a Developed Country

Year 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2002

Food 24.4% 24% 23.1% 22.3% 22% 22.2%

Medical Care 2.5% 2.5% 2.7% 2.9% 3.2% 3.2%

Transportation and Communication 10.2% 10% 10.6% 11.6% 12.8% 13.2%

Clothes 7.1% 7.1% 6.2% 5.7% 5% 4.8%

Fuel, Light and Water Charges 5.1% 5.1% 5.4% 5.8% 6.2% 6.3%

夜已深,今天先讲到这里吧。文章中所有句子(除其中一处三位同学所写的以外)均有我书写,大多选自《黄金模板》一书,欢迎讨论。

下周二我再续写,祝大家进步。

贡献写作心得之二续——图表作文的写作(第二部分)

二. 图表数据的描述(续)

上次给大家出了一道题。我们来看一下。

Living Expenditure of a Developed Country

Year 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2002

Food 24.4% 24% 23.1% 22.3% 22% 22.2%

Medical Care 2.5% 2.5% 2.7% 2.9% 3.2% 3.2%

Transportation and Communication 10.2% 10% 10.6% 11.6% 12.8% 13.2%

Clothes 7.1% 7.1% 6.2% 5.7% 5% 4.8%

Fuel, Light and Water Charges 5.1% 5.1% 5.4% 5.8% 6.2% 6.3%

这道题目比较复杂,有五个变量。我们首先应对其进行分类,一般分为上升与下降的两大类,而后进行描述。我们发现food和clothes两项上升,其余下降(不要太过纠缠细节,

抓住变化的规律就行了)。

Studying the table carefully, we can see in the past fifteen years, there have been great changes in people’s living expenditure. Food is on the decline from 24.4% to 22.2% C it is also the case with clothes. But the money spent on medical care, energy, transportation and communication is on the rise.

这里共分三句话,第一句话是总括并扣题,这一句中使用in the past fifteen years是个闪光点,但如果数据没有延伸到20xx年,不能使用这一词组。第二句和第三句分别是总结下降与上升的部分,采用了不同的方法:第二句使用了破折号,第三句借助了连词and。为避免第三句过长,将fuel, light and water浓缩为energy是很关键的。

三. 第二段的写作

第二段肯定是解释原因无疑。我们谈谈三个问题。

1.过渡句

首先是过渡句这个问题。这里不大可能放在第一段,因为第一段不可能象有的命题作文那样简洁(如只有一句)——例如批驳类(共分七种情况)中除二段首句批驳之外还有首段末句批驳,效果很强烈,如My View on Early Schooling一文的首段如下: Nowadays, there is a growing tendency for children to attend school at a very early age, especially for the sake of early intelligence development. Personally speaking, I do not agree with this practice at all.

这里过渡句放在首段末尾主要是因为原来首段只有一句话(当然这句话不可能非常短),显得斩钉截铁,非常果断。下面一段自然是从数个方面来叙述理由。此段中还有两处技巧,因属批驳范畴,在此不赘述。

2.主题句

其次就是此段的主题句(topic sentence,注意文章的命题句叫thesis,每段的主题句叫topic sentence)的问题。此句或主观或客观并无拘束,只要上下文有统一风格即可。 主观:We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon.

I believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon.

(注意使用we和I是有区别的,是想达到不同的效果)

In my mind, the reasons why the Internet surfers are on the rise are as follows.

主观之变体(使用插入语,突显主语):Three reasons, we believe, can account for this phenomenon.

Three reasons, I believe, can account for this phenomenon.

Three reasons, I firmly believe, can account for this phenomenon.

(注意插入语属于看似平淡却极富功力的技巧)

主观之变体(使用插入语):Three reasons, in my mind, can account for this phenomenon. 客观:Several reasons can account for this phenomenon.

在主题句之后,就可以使用连接词来分两个、三个或四个方面来写了,其中分三个方面来写是最常见的。这里就与普通的说明文与议论文一样了——可以由最重要的到最不重要的,也可以由最不重要的到最重要的,也可能平行分布,主要依情况而定,不一而足。

3.主题句特例:与第一点相融合

这是一种高级技巧,在命题作文中也时有运用。就是将第一点与主题句相融合,如: The most important reason of this change is probably the improvement of people’s living quality. When people become richer and richer, they will spend less and less money on life’s necessities such as food and clothes.

这就是我给大家出题的文章第二段的首句,这里用change浓缩上段,呼应上段首句,并不稀奇。注意这样用的好处是简洁,直接进入原因的描述。这种方法使用频率并不算高,通常用在最重要到最不重要的情形,而且其后的连接词使用上会相应地起一些变化,这里影响的因素很多,情况也较复杂——例如分三点时,第二点很可能由moreover、furthermore或what’s more引起,而第三点很可能由last but not (the) least,last but by no means (the) least引起(注意有的老师容忍度低,认为这里加the是错误的,我们考试时还是出于安全考虑,不加the为宜)。而第二点使用on the other hand,第三点使用what’s the most important的机会几乎为0。

当然也有一种情况,就是完全不使用连接词——也就是说用语义而非词汇的手段来组织全段——这需要很强的逻辑联系。下面是一篇讲旅游的文章的第三段(首段是描述图表,旅游业大幅增长,次段是描述原因,三段如下,四段做结):

Although we are happy to see the tourism industry is flourishing and on the rise, the potential drawbacks can never be neglected. The neighboring environment is decaying around some places of interest mainly because tourists throw garbage here and there. Sometimes the overall view is spoiled by buildings which are awkward and out of place. Tourists’ flooding into an area may fundamentally change the living mode of local inhabitants, causing serious culture problems.

四. 第三段的写作

第三段的情况比较复杂。这一段直接就进入结论部分这种情况越来越少了,现在几乎不可能。如果这篇文章讲的是一个令人担忧的问题,那么这一段很可能是谈解决办法,这种可能性最大。

如果这篇文章讲的是一个好的变化,那么这一段很可能是两种情况——可能写负面的影响或存在的问题(这就很象利弊类的文章了),或者写未来趋势或发展方向(更有可能),后面这种情况写得不会也不宜长,有时一句话即可。

咱们看看很象利弊类的情况,如20xx年6月的六级真题作文的第三段:

The negative effects of computers are also clear. To begin with, ……. Second, ……, which are …….

这一段先是总括句,而后从两个方面来说。这篇文章的第四段,即末段如下:

All in all, I should say the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. The key lies in whether we can make good use of it to enhance work and study.

这就完全是一篇经典的利弊类作文的结尾了,下面还有相关叙述。

上述情况都是依提纲而定,提纲中如果没有第三点,那么是问题写办法,是好事写展望,常常在第三段,融入结论,均不宜长。

此段亦可能根据提纲,产生整体——个体(或称宏观——微观)的变化,如今年九月的六级作文即是如此,这与命题作文中20xx年1月真题How I Finance My College Education在这一点上是一样的,都是要说自身的情况——这一段要在前面的背景下突出个性,方能获得强烈的效果。当然这两篇文章不属于同一小类,大家应已看出来了。

这一段也有可能是特殊的情况,例如92年1月六级作文Film is Giving Way to TV,就是“然而,还是有人喜欢看电影,因为……”,这是与特殊的题目紧密相连的。如果真是如此,只要扣紧提纲问题就不大了。

However, there are still a number of people who enjoy going to the cinema, generally for two reasons. On the one hand, ……. On the other hand, …….

五. 结尾

在前面只有描述与原因两段的情况下,结尾最好另起一段,而且最好不是只包含一句话。 在前面有三段的情况下,结尾可另起一段(两句话最多,其次为三句话,一句话少见),也可附在第三段的后面(一般为一句话,通常较长)。

这个规律与命题作文差不多,唯一的区别是前面有三段的情况结论单独成段的可能性比命题作文要大。

今天就写到这里吧。有一些与命题作文相同的部分我没有展开讲,欢迎提问。希望对大家能有帮助,祝大家成功!

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