讲一讲］

用英语写说明文，一要时态正确，二要条理清晰，内容连贯，三要语言朴素，明了。

1. 说明文主要采用一般现在时，因为说明文多为对客观事物或事件的描述，所以并不需要用过于复杂的时态，省去了时态呼应，行文时比较随意、自然。但要注意，当单、复数名词做主语时，主谓语的一致要格外留意。要牢记变动词第三人称需加“ -es ”的规律。

2. 要写好说明文，关键在于是否能做到行文自然有条理，措词确切且得体。文章看似随意，实是精心安排的结果，如老教材高二（上） Unit 3 中的 Body Language 一文，抓住“ different ”这一主线，由总而分后又由分而总，用鲜明的对比来说明 Body language has different meanings in different countries. 虽然数例并举，但文章脉胳清晰，例子多而不散，你不妨模仿这种写法。

另外要写出有条理的说明文来，还要注意行文的连贯性，这要求我们平常积累大量的过渡词。如连接词 although， but， when， as soon as， so ，承上启下的副词 generally， at the same time， finally， at last， later 等。这些都是课本中的实例。用对，用好过渡词，就能把各个段落有机联系在一起，使整篇文章过渡自然，有条理，档次也提高了。

3. 要写好说明文，还要学会使用一些常用词组和固定短语。如上面说过的 Body

language 一文，作者使用了简短直接的句子进行说明，让读者很轻快就明白了所介绍的内容。该文还大量运用了动名词短语作主语，把复杂的内容用工整的句式统一起来，同时加入不定式、现在分词等非谓语形式，丰富了表达。这些句式，美化了语句，也使文章显得紧凑，简约。所以，在今后的书面表达中，我们应多尝试使用。

范例：

题目要求：写一篇 100 ～ 120 字的短文。说明步行有益健康。（内容自选） 范文：

Walking is good to people's health

As everyone knows， either fast walk or slow walk does good to the muscles （肌肉） and lungs of human. So people walk to build up their body， or to lose weight. But only some of them know that taking a walk every day is also good for protecting man's heart. Heart attack has become the first disease in the world because most people suffer from it.

Taking a walk can improve the blood supply to our heart. If you try to walk as often as possible， you'll have a healthier heart.

［练一练］

1. 句式训练：

根据所给汉语完成下列句子：

① ??is my favorite sport.

溜冰是我最喜欢的运动项目。

② ?? is no use ?? without??

光说不做没有用。

③ What I want to do now is??in a river.

我现在想做的事是去河里游泳。

④ ?? on the top of the mountain is very difficult.

在山顶呼吸非常困难。

⑤ How about the two of us ?? a walk down the garden？

我们俩去花园散散步好吗？

2. 作文训练：

题目要求：自拟题目写一篇 100 ～ 120 字的短文，谈谈写英语日记的好处。

内容包括：①记英语日记可以帮你复习各方面的英语知识，如记忆单词，正确使用短语，选择恰当的句型结构（ sentence pattern ），正确运用语法知识等。

②记英语日记可以提高你的写作能力，常用英语记日记不仅帮你巩固（ consoled ）所学英语知识，而且有助于你养成用英语思维的习惯，熟能生巧，久而久之，你的写作能力就会有很大提高。

参考答案：

1. ① Skating ② It， talking， doing ③ to， swim ④ Breathing ⑤ taking

2. It is good to keep a diary in English

Keeping a diary in English does a great deal of good to my English study. Keeping a diary can help you review all the English knowledge you have learned. For example， you must know the correct spelling of each word needed in the diary； you must use the phrases correctly and choose the suitable sentence patterns， meanwhile， it is also necessary to use you knowledge of grammar in a correct way.

Keeping a diary can help you not only to console your knowledge of English， but to form the habit of thinking in English. Practice makes perfect. By and by， your English writing will be greatly improved.

 

第二篇：英语说明文

说明文是对事情的发生、发展、结果、特征、性质、状态、功能等进行解释、介绍、阐述的一种文体。这类文章的目的和性质是客观地介绍、解释事物，使读者获得知识和信息，并不需要发表主张、做出证明。一般说来，知识简介，商品介绍，旅游指南，科技读物，工作总结，实验报告，教材辅导等均属说明文之列。 写说明文，可以按时间、空间、结构、逻辑顺序来写，也可以采取举例、比较、对比、分类、分析、说明、叙述等方法。

1.比较对照

比较对照有两种，一是逐点比较，二是整块比较，即AB交错或先A后B：

1）逐点比较：多数人认为这种AB交错的方式可以避免行文的单调沉闷，对比的效果更鲜明突出。如：

There are basic differences between large and small enterprises. In a small enterprise, you operated mainly through personal contacts. In a large enterprise, you have established “policies” , “channels” of organization, and fairly strict procedure. In the small enterprise you have immediate effectiveness in a very small area. You can see the effect of your work and of your decisions ground. In the large organization you are normally taught one thing thoroughly. In the small one the danger is of becoming a Jack-of-all-trades-but-master-of-none. In the large it is of becoming the man who knows more and more about less and less.

2) 整块比较

It is easy to be a winner. A winner can show his joy publicly. He can laugh and sing and dance and celebrate his victory. People love to be with winners. Winners are never lonely. Unlike winners, losers are the lonely ones of the world. It is difficult to face defeat with dignity. Losers can not show their disappointment publicly. They can not cry or grieve about their defeat. They may suffer privately, but they must be composed in public. They have nothing to celebrate and no one to share their sadness.

2.分类

分类是人类认识客观世界的重要手段之一，也是描写事物、解释观点最有效的方式之一。通过将一事物分类，可使复杂事物变得清晰明了，便于作者阐述自己的观点。

分类段落的各类排列要条理，可采用从主要到次要，从次要到主要，从多到少或从少到多等方式排列，亦可平行排列。如：

1） As far as political views are concerned, people fall into three categories. First are the conservative people. Conservatives are opposed to sudden or great changes. Second are the liberal people.These people are in favor of progress and reform. But their opinions often seem to idealistic. The third type is the moderate people. The moderates keep everything within reasonable limits. They are more practical in this hard world. In my opinion, most people seem to belong to this group. 本段采用平行排列的方式，按人的政治观点分为三类：保守、自由和温和。

2) These are several reasons why I decided tom attend Bingston University . First of all, the tuition is reasonable. Secondly, the university has a deferred payment plan., which lessons the load of peasant families like

mine. Another reason is that Bingston has the finest teachers in its graduate program. My chief reason, however, is Bingston’s program in agriculture, my chosen field, which is recognized as the leader in this area.

该段采用主次排列的方式，分析了作者决定上Bingston大学的原因。

3) According to Mr. Li, the fifteen students of his cLASS fall into three groups. Seven of them work hard and study well. They always get good marks in examinations and are often praised by the teachers. Li calls them “good students”. The monitor, the secretary of the Youth League, and the captain of the cLASS volleyball team, are quick in finding out what their fellow students are interested in or what they should do as a collective. They always organize proper activities at the proper time. So Li calls them “good organizers”. Four other students are very kind to their cLASSmates, always ready to lend them a helping hand. They help to clean the cLASSroom and the corridor even when they are not on duty. Li says that they are “ good comrades”. “What about yourself?” someone asks him. “I’m a group by my self ——a good observer”.

该段不同于以上两段，不是先分类再解释，而是先说明其特点，然后定义分类。虽分类并不科学，却达到了其幽默之目的。

3.特征

例证指具体说明人或事物特点、本质及其规律的方法。所用例子需有代表性、典型性。例证型段落的写作方式多为先提出主题再列举事例。在事例之前一般有For example或For instance。例证后面，根据情况还可以加上结论句。如： In order to prevent non-smokers from being affected, measures must be taken to reduce the chances of smoking. A lot of work can be done concerning this. For example, in some public places, such as in the theatres and cinemas, smoking should be forbidden. Even on the train or plane people should not be allowed to smoke. Doctors, teachers and government leaders should take the lead not to smoke. Above all, the harmfulness and dangers caused by smoking should be made known to all through newspapers,

broadcast, or TV programs. Also the growing of tobacco and the production of cigarettes should not be encouraged. If these measures can be taken, we can effectively reduce the chances of smoking.

4 因果

因果是两个事物之间的关系。一些说明文，议论文通过分析因果关系说明一个中心思想。如不能把因果关系解释清楚，文章将无法说明任何主题。

因果型段落的扩展模式有两种，一是分类编法，另一个是连环编排法。如果只讨论成因或只讨论结果，细节比较简单，只需按其重要性或其逻辑顺序进行编排。分类编排法指先讨论原因，然后讨论结果；或先讨论结果，后讨论原因。

1）分类编排法：

Music is my chief hobby. When I listen to music, good things happen to me. If I am lonely or homesick, I listen to pop music. The quick rhythm, the strong beats of drums lift my sprits. If I am familiar with a song,

I will sing alone with it and my depression disappears. When I am bored or very tired, I listen to Mozart. His music makes me feel alive. Music also reminds me of home. Before I came to college, my sisters and I would listen to music and sing songs together and cheer us. Now I enjoy listening to music and singing with my roommates because their smiles make me remember the happy times with my family. For me, music is an excellent escape, and without it, I wouldn’t be so happy。

2) 连环编排法是先讨论一组因果，再一组因果，再一组因果，形成一个锁链。当因果紧密相连，前一果为后一果之因时，经常使用这种方式。

Students shouldn’t stay up so late. Because of the pressure of

examinations, many students burn night candles. The next day, they have to get enough sleep. As a result, many of them get sleepy in ClASs. They couldn’t catch what the teacher says. Not having studied their lessons well, they find it difficult to make good performance in examinations. So, it is not worthwhile to stay up late if you want to study well.