PETS3级作文技巧

一、作文结构

1. 表示时间顺序: first, then, afterwards, meanwhile, later，first of all, finally, at last

2.表示对比对照

like, unlike, such as, but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, nevertheless, otherwise

3. 表示因果关系: because, for, as a result, therefore, thus.

4.表示递进关系

besides, whats more, what was worse, moreover, furthermore, in addition

5.表示并列关系: and, as well as, also…

6.表示总结

in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in brief,to conclude…

二、词汇篇

(一)使用高级词汇替代低级词汇

1.动词

think→ believe, claim, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that

promote /strengthen → improve （提高，加强）

More should be done to strengthen industry's links with universities.

应该做更多的事情加强工业界和大学的联系.

ease → relieve （减轻，缓解）

To ease the problem of .....

为了缓解....的问题.....

adopt → use （采用，采取）

acquire →gain （获得（尤指知识上的））

contribute → cause （引起）

occur → think of

suppose →should

He is supposed to ( should ) have driven more slowly.

appreciate →thank

Thank you very much for you help. →

We appreciate your help very much. / Your help is much appreciated.

motivate → encourage（ 激励）

We are looking for someone who will be able to motivate the staff to work hard.我们在寻找能激励职员们努力工作的人.

devote →spend

He spends all his spare time in reading. → He devotes all his spare time to reading

2.形容词、副词

severe → serious（严重的） a severe water shortage严重缺水

needy → poor（ 贫穷的）

wealthy → rich （ 富裕的）

beneficial →good （有益的）

undesirable → bad （不好的，不受欢迎的）

significant →important（ 重要的）

relevant → related （有关的） ....is highly relevant to.......

extremely → very （非常的）

3.名词

employment → job（就业）

affair →thing （事情，东西）

approach / method → way（方法，方案）

for instance → for example （例如）

nevertheless → however（然而，不过）

Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house. → An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house. It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.

.

nothing but →very

The film we saw last night was very interesting. → The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting. The film we saw last night was anything but boring. due to →because of

He arrived late due to ( because of ) the storm.

contribute to → be helpful/useful

Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. → Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.

come up with →think of

Jack is very clever. He often comes up with ( thinks of ) new ideas.

set aside →save

Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books. be of + n. →adj.

The products are of high quality (very good ) and are sold everywhere in China. refer to →talk about/of, mention

The professor you referred to (talked about ) is very famous.

can not but / can not help but →have to do

I could not but (had to) go home.

be long for sth. / be long to do sth. → want to do sth./wish for I want to see you very much. → I am long to see you. be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to →be interested in He is caught up in ( very interested in ) collecting stamps.

more than →very

I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September. →

I’m more than glad to learn that you are coming in September. ( NMET 2003 ) If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.(2004全国卷)

in the course of →during

In the course of (During) the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.

consist of →be made up of

Our class consists of ( is made up of ) 50 students.

on condition that →as long as

spare no efforts to do →try one’s best to do

amazing →surprising

cope with → solve（ 解决）

（二）必备词汇

advocate 倡导

In contemporary society 在当今社会

A vast amount of 大量的

be abundant in 富有...

on ones own account 为了某人自己的利益

at ones own risk 自行负责

on account of 由于

On no account绝不要

arise from 由....引起

Are these any matters arising from the last meeting？ 这些事情都是由上次的会议引起的吗？

emphasize 强调，重视

I’d like to emphasize how important it is to ....

sustainable development 可持续发展

经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy 先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology

热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate

有争议性的问题 a controversial issue

就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally, 导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in 复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon

责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision 学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills

经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden

.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration 做出共同努力 make joint efforts

打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for?

致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to

宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources

方便快捷 convenient and efficient

在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life

环保(的) environmental protection / environmentally friendly 社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress

在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way

日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social competition 眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest

长远利益. interest in the long run

对…有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to

交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information

跟上…的最新发展

keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of … 采取有效措施… take effective measures to do sth

对?观点因人而异 Views on …vary from person to person.

重视 attach great importance to?

有直接/间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to..

缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relieve stress/ burden

优先考虑/发展? give (top) priority to sth

与…比较 compared with?/ in comparison with

增进相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding

三、句型篇

（一）高级句型

1.倒装：

Not only did he speak correctly，but he spoke easily.

Here comes a bus.

Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here .

双否：

The postman never fails to come on time .

被动：

Many things can be done to solve this problem .

非限定：

The man is from the UK，which we can tell from his accent.

定从：

This is the reason why he came late.

This is the reason for which he came late.

The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous

让步：

Child as he is ，he can speak many foreign languages.

独立主格：

（With）There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.

The men moved slowly forward, neck deep in the water, with their officers guiding them.

It句型 ① It will be + some time + before…

It won’t be long before humans visit the Mars.

② It is + adj./n.+ for sb to do sth.

It is very important for us to learn computer well, because it has changed our life so much.

He said since it was a new model in China, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts.（20xx年湖北卷）

③ It is + 被强调部分 + that…

1) It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot.

2) Those who like reading extensively say it is through reading that we get our knowledge.

more …than any other 表示最高级

Among the optional courses, spoken English and computer study are more popular than any one else.

名词从句

① It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk. ( 2004 全国卷 Ⅲ )

② My hometown is no longer what it used to be.

（非限制性）定语从句

① The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese

School.→ The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. (NMET 2003)

② It was quite an experience for us both, which I’ll never forget for the rest of my life. (2002 北京卷)

分词结构

① I don’t know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. (NMET 2001)

② We’ll mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people. (2004 全国卷Ⅱ)

③ Hearing this, a few people began to run after him.（2004 辽宁卷）

④ Born in American, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor.（20xx年湖 南卷）

With结构

① A terrible accident happened yesterday, with nine people killed and almost eighty injured.

② He was carrying a bedroll and a large bag on his shoulder, with a large suitcase in his left hand.

倒装句

① The library is to the east of the teaching building. → East of the teaching building is the library.

② Although we are tired, we are happy.→ Tired as we are, we are happy. ③ Only in this way can he grow to be a useful man. (2002 上海卷)

④ May all your dreams come true! May our friendship last till the end of the universe.（20xx年湖南卷）

被动语态

① Opinions are divided on the question. (NMET 2002)

② All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students. (2004全国卷 Ⅳ)

③ New factories, houses and roads have been built.(2004 江苏卷)

巧妙的改写

（1）．Only 改成no one but

Only Tom passed the exam last week. → No one but Tom passed the exam.

（2）．as soon as …改成No sooner…than…/Hardly…when…/Immediately…/The moment No sooner had we arrived at the cinema than the film started.

（3）．have sb/sth do/done

The girl was knocked off her bicycle and had her leg broken (her leg was broken.).

（4）．变换插入语的位置

① However, they suggest fees should be charged low. →

They suggest, however, fees should be charged low. (NMET 2002)

② I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese. →

This is a good chance for you, I think, to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese. (2004 全国卷Ⅰ)

(5). 用同位语代替非限制性定语从句

Meimei, who is seven years old, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.→ Meimei, a girl of thirteen, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days. (2002上海卷)

Shakespeare, a son from a poor family, a man of little education, wrote plays and poems that are read all over the world.（20xx年湖南卷）

（二）必备句型

Some changes have taken place in the past five years．

在过去的5年中这里发生的一些变化.

A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications． 在世界的沟通与交流方面产生了巨大的变化.

This is a phenomenon that .....

有一个...的现象........

It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．．

...从...增加到了...........

People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth．

人们对..有不同的态度.

When it comes to ..., some think ...

当谈到...一些人认为..........

There is a public debate today that ...

当今有一个公共的争论关于...........

Recently the problem has been brought into focus.

最近这个问题得到了关注.

Now there is a growing awareness that...

现在....的意识增强了.

Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….

有许多人，不是特别多，怀有这样的想法.....

it is universally acknowledged that.....

....是一个社会的共识.....

Just imagine what would be like if...

设想一下如果......

It is of great benefit to us.

...对我们是有很大的好处的.

It has more disadvantages than advantages．

它有很多的优点和缺点.

It plays an important role in our life．

它在我们的人生中扮演了很重要的角色.

... this story is not rare. 这样的故事不少见.

..., such dilemma we often meet in daily life. 这样的事情我们在生活中经常遇到. ..., the story still has a realistic significance.这个故事很有现实意义. But some others have just the opposite opinion.

一些人有相反的意见.

But every coin has two sides.

每个硬币都有两面.（即每件事情都有两面）

As for me, I'm in favor of the latter opinion.我支持后者.

promote the public awareness of 增强了...的公共认识

The government should take effective measures and immediate actions.

政府应该采取及时有效的措施.

To understand the truth of ..., it is also important to see...

为了理解...的真相......，认识到....也是重要的.

A study of ... will make this point clear .一项研究使这个观点更清楚了. There is no point(use) in doing.....做...是没有意义的.

Distinguished scientific accomplishment is a matter of opportunity and of continuous and concentrated effort over long years. (很优美的句子,值得借鉴) from the …point of view 从…角度来看

最近, XXXXX现象引起了人们的广泛关注

Recently, the phenomenon of (that) …… has aroused wide public concern 随着社会(科技)的发展,人们开始注意到XXXX的重要性

Along with the advance of the society (science and technology), people are attaching much importance to ……

Take ... for an example, it is a very obvious case .

拿..来说，这是个很明显的案例.

Some people argue that….., whereas others maintain that….

一些人争论.....另一些人支持....观点.

就我个人而言(老实说), 我全力支持前者(后者)

As for me, I am in high favor of the former (latter)

Personally, I side with the former (latter)

Frankly speaking/ To be frank/ To be honest/ Honestly speaking, it is the former (latter) that I approve of

我认为(在我看来,就我看来,我的观点是, 我想….)

I am convinced that….

As far as I am concerned, ….. To my point of view, ….. From where I stand, …… We should take some effective measures．

我们应该采取有效的措施.

We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties．

我们应该努力克服困难.

Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as...

当然，B有自身的优势，比如........

As far as we know....正如我们所知道的...

In a certain sense......在某种情况下......

There is no denying the fact that .....不可否认的事实是.....

结尾常用句：

From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw .... the conclusion that ... In summary, it is wiser ... In short.....

From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ... 面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges

人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that

社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development

引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention

不可否认 It is undeniable that?/ There is no denying that?

发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in?

正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:

利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantage

对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue

支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in favor of the former/ latter opinion

有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides

毫无疑问 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that

其它

注重句子的开头

① 用with复合结构开头

With the sun setting in the west, we had to wave goodbye to the workers.

With his help, we've learned how to analyze and settle problems.（20xx年湖南卷） With the functions of inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it enables us to edit test, browse web page and download what we want.（20xx年江苏卷）

② 用非谓语动词形式开头

ⅰ）In order to improve our English, our school held an English contest. ⅱ）Walking towards the cinema, he met a foreigner

（2）长短句交错使用（注意：应突出主题句；长句子并非越长越好）