写作指导 (10)

应用文——书 信

英文书信一般分为商业信函(Business Letters)和私人书信(Personal Letters)两种，而高考书面表达一般都是要求写私人书信。它包括五部分，即信头、称呼、正文、结束语和签名，具体如下：

1．信头：寄信人的地址和写信日期，写在信的右上角。注意英语中地名的写法与中文不同，要从小到大；日期的写法也与中文不同，不是写在签名之下，而是写在寄信人的地址之下。习惯上人们采用美式英语表达，即月、日、年，月，日与年之间用逗号隔开，月份尽量不要缩写，如June 8,2009；而英式英语表达则为日、月、年，中间不用逗号隔开，如8 June 2009。

2．称呼：自成一行，顶格写。称呼语常用：Dear Sir/Madam/Manager/Editor/friends/Bob，称呼之后一般用逗号。

3．正文：信件的主体部分即为信的正文。正文写在称呼的下一行，与Dear后第一个单词对齐。正文通常包括三部分，即开头、目的和结尾。正

文的开头语常用：Thank you for your last letter asking about...；I’m glad to...。正文的结尾语是正文的一部分，常常另起一行，常用的结尾语有：I’m looking forward to your reply；Thanks and all the best；Best wishes；Wishing you a pleasant journey。

4．结束语：结束语与正文的结尾语不一样，它要写在结尾语的下一行，位于书信的右下角，后面用逗号。常用的结束语有：Yours sincerely/faithfully/truly；Sincerely/Truly yours；Yours等。

5．签名：签名写在结束语的下一行，与结束语对齐，也就是签上写信人的名字。

一封正规的私人书信格式如下：

Dear David，

I’ve learned it from the Internet that you want to make a Chinese friend so as to learn the Chinese language and culture.

_________________________________________________I’m looking forward to your reply.

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Bob将于九月到你所在城市的建新华文学校学中文，来信请你在学校附近为他找一套住房。请根据图画提供的信息，写信介绍住房的情况，并告知住房面积为25平方米，月租500元。

注意：1.词数：100左右；

2．参考词汇：房租rent (n.)。

案例分析⊙

这是一篇看图作文，要求以书信的形式介绍写作内容，题目中没有开头和结尾，因而需要考生自己写出一篇完整的书信。写作要点如下：

1．回顾对方上次来信所提之事；

2．租房的内部结构：卧室及其设备、浴室、厨

房；

3．面积、房租；

4．租房所处地理位置：靠近芳草街，下一站为建新华文学校，乘11路公共汽车可到达；

5．书信的基本格式。

Dear Bob，

I’m so glad to learn that you’re coming in September.I’ve found a place for you.

It’s a small flat of 25 square metres, with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen.In the bedroom there is a bed，a sofa，a desk and a chair.The rent is 500 yuan per month.The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street，which is from Jianxin Chinese School.Bus No.11 can take you straight to the school.In fact，it is only one stop.

Do you think you’d like it？If not，I can try and find another place for you.Just let me know.Yours， Li Hua

假设你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论北京动物园是否应迁出市区。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写一封信，反映讨论结果。

注意：1.词数：100左右，信的开头和结尾已为你写好；

2．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3．参考词汇：郊区suburb。

June 3,2010

Dear Editor，

Recently，our class have had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city.

________________________________________________________________________

Yours truly，

Li Hua

【参考答案】

June 3,2010

Dear Editor，

Recently，our class have had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city.

Some of my classmates are in favor of the move.They say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams.They also say that once moved，animals will have more space and better living conditions in the suburbs.However，other students are against the idea，saying that the Beijing Zoo，built in 1906，has a history of more than 100 years，and is wellknown at home and abroad.So it should remain where it is.

What’s more，moving may cause the death of some animals.To move or not，this is a big decision which has to be made by people in Beijing.

Yours truly，

Li Hua

 

第二篇：高考英语应用文

第 28 讲 应用文

应用文(practical writing)包括书信、日记、便条、通知、讲演稿、履历表、新闻报道、电子邮件等。通常应用文都较简短，它有自己的固定格式，有些应用文连措辞都是相对固定的，如：欠条、请柬等。应用文重在应用、力求平实、准确简洁。

常考应用文分类解读：

一、书信

书信写作常用句型

1)信件开头常用语

①写信给他人

I'm writing to tell you about the discussion (the lecture/ meeting/ activity) we (our class/ our school) held yesterday.

I'm writing to ask if you can come next week.

②回信给他人

Your letter came to me this morning.

I have received your letter of July 20th.

Thank you for your letter.

2)信件常用结束语

① Please remember me to your whole family.

② Wish you a pleasant journey.

③ Wish you success. /Wish you the best of health.

④ Looking forward to your next visit to China.

⑤ Looking forward to the pleasure of meeting you.

⑥ Looking forward to your early reply.

⑦ Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible.

⑧ Hoping to hear from you soon.

⑨ Your early reply will be highly appreciated.

⑩ With best regards to your family.

? With love and good wishes.

? Best wishes/regards!

【范文赏析】

Dear Jeff，

I'm Li Hua from Beijing Hongxing School. I'm very happy to learn that you're going to

stay with my family while you're in Beijing. While you are here, we'll provide you with a room of your own with a bed, a desk, a couple of chairs and a TV. You'll also have your own bathroom. Our school is quite close to our home, so we could go to school together by bike. At noon we'll eat at the school dining hall. I'm sure you'll like the delicious

Chinese food there, and enjoy talking with friends over lunch. Classes in our school usually finish at 4：00 in the afternoon. You can then join other students in playing games or swimming. It will be a lot of fun.

If you have any questions or requests, please let me know. We'll try our best to make your stay here in Beijing a pleasant experience.

Best wishes.

Yours，

Li Hua

二、日记

日记是用以记叙一天生活中所见、所闻、所做或所想的事情。

写日记时要注意以下几点：

1．格式：英文日记和中文日记的写法大致相同。一般是第一行写上日期、星期、天气状况。日期通常顶格写，后面是星期，天气状况写在右上角。表示天气情况的词一般用形容词，如： fine, cold, rainy, windy, cloudy, sunny, snowy, foggy等。正文部分另起一行。

2．人称：日记要用第一人称写。

3．时态：所记叙的事情通常发生在过去，所以常用一般过去时态。但如果要记叙天气、描写景色、展望未来、议论某事或对话引语等，可以使用一般现在时或一般将来时，以生动再现当时的情景。

【范文赏析】

March 15th Monday Windy

This evening I went to Li Jiang's birthday party. We sang and danced. We had a good time at the party. When I left Li Jiang's house, it began to rain. It was late. I had to walk home.

A motorbike ran by me very fast. It hit a boy at the crossing. But the motorbike didn't stop. It ran away.

I felt very angry. I wrote down its number: FD — 2819. I telephoned the police at once. Then I sent the boy to the hospital.

三、通知

在英语里，通知有书面通知和口头通知两种。书面通知又叫通告或布告。它是上级组织对下级组织、单位对成员部署工作、传达事情或召开会议所使用的一种应用文。

【书面通知】

书面通知的用词比较正式。

一般由标题、正文和结尾三部分组成。为了醒目起见，通知正文上方的中央位置往往写上Notice或NOTICE。然后在标题下方一至两行处写通知的内容，这是通知的主体内容，要求写得言简意赅，对通知的对象、事情、时间和地点等应交代清楚，要求明确。接着在正文的右下方写发通知的单位或负责人姓名。在正文的左下方，低于写发通知单位一两行处顶格写通知日期(也可以写在右上角)。

【范文赏析】

Boys and girls，

May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make. The Students' Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening, July 13, to welcome our friends from the United States. The party will be held in the roof garden of the Main Building. It will begin at 7：30 pm. There will be music, dancing, singing, games and

exchange of gifts. You may bring along a small gift for this purpose. Remember to wrap it up, sign your name and write a few words of good wishes.

Don't forget: 7：30, Saturday evening, roof garden, Main Building. It's sure to be a lot of fun. Everybody is welcome.

That's all.Thank you!

(2011天津卷)假设你是晨光中学学生会主席李华。你校将于6月26日接待来自于美国某中学的学生访问团。你受学校委托，负责安排在津的一日活动。请根据以下提示，用英语给该团的领队Smith 先生写一封电子邮件，介绍活动计划并简要说明理由，最后征求对方意见。 ◇上午与我校学生座谈(话题如校园生活、文化差异等)；

◇中午与我校学生共同进餐(午餐包括饺子、面条等)；

◇下午与我校学生游览海河。

注意：

1. 词数不少于100；

2. 可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯；

3. 信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：

海河 the Haihe River

Dear Mr Smith，

I am Li Hua, chairman of the Students' Union, from Chenguang High School. _______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

One possible version：

Dear Mr Smith，

I am Li Hua, chairman of the Students' Union, from Chenguang High School. We're very glad to know you'll come to our school on June 26th, and now it's my pleasure to introduce our schedule to you.In the morning, you'll have a talk with the students of our school. The

topic

includes school life, the difference between Chinese culture and American culture.Next, we'll have lunch together at

jiaozi，noodles. After that, together with us students, you'll have a trip to the Haihe River in the afternoon. That's the plan for your visit. If you have any other question, please let me know. Best wishes to you.

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

该篇书面表达要求考生写一封电子邮件。现在日常生活中人们之间的相互交流常采用电子邮件形式，因此它成为高考英语作文常见的考查形式之一也就不足为奇了，体现了考查学生在生活中运用英语的能力。一般来讲，邮件的抬头和落款都会给出，考生最需要把握的还是对邮件正文内容进行表述的基础语言运用能力。

就像本篇文章，必须向对方交代清楚访问团的活动计划安排。但是，在陈述计划安排的过程中，考生要避免一个个要点的机械罗列，不能太拘泥于中文提示所给的句式，要灵活组织句式并用好过渡性词语。最后，记得用上信件常用结束语，如“Best wishes to you.” 之类的句子。