本 科 生 毕 业 设 计

缩写稿

 

题目： 100t/d生活用纸造纸车间抄纸工段设计

姓    名：             

学    号：          

指导教师：          

班    级：     轻化101班         

所在院系：      

2014 年 06 月 16 日

100t/d生活用纸造纸车间抄纸工段设计

轻化导老师：张

（陕西科与能源学院 陕西 西安 710021）

摘要：本设计进行了生活用纸抄纸车间的设计，主要包括浆水平衡计算、设备选型、厂区布置设计、车间布置设计以及相关的给水、排水工程、“三废”处理、动力供给、经济预算等部分内容。

关键词：生活用纸，造纸车间，新月型成形器

100t / d of Tissue Paper Papermaking Workshop Section Design

ABSTRACT：The design is for the plant of tissue papermaking workshop, including pulp and water balance, equipment selection, the design of plant layout and workshop. It still gives an explanation for water supply, water drainage, waste treatment, power supply and economic budget and so on.

KEYWORDS：tissue paper, papermaking workshop, Crescent Former

1. 设计依据

生活用纸是生活必需品，如卫生纸、卫生巾等产品，更是与个人卫生保健息息相关，需求具有极大的刚性，一旦养成使用习惯，即使经济下滑也不会过多的影响人们对生活用纸的日常需求。此外，生活用纸亦属快速消费品的一员，很多都属于一次性消耗品，更换频率极高且往往具有周期性，会不断产生新的需求。生活用纸的生产和消费水平是衡量国家现代化水平和文明程度的一个重要标志。近年来中国生活用纸行业随着经济发展、人口增加和人民生活质量的提高而快速增长。

20##年，受经济形势影响，造纸行业低迷，但因刚性需求生活用纸行业景气度依然较高。正是因为生活用纸行业令人看好，部分非生活用纸行业企业的转入，加之原来行业的参差不齐与更多新增项目的上马，目前生活用纸行业也存在着产能过剩的现象^[1]。

尽管受到经济形势的影响，在造纸行业整体供应增速放缓的情况下，生活用纸的供销量任然保持较高的增速，因而生活用纸的设计符合经济的发展趋势。

2. 全厂总平面布置

本次工厂设计的总平面布置满足生产工艺流程和物料运输的要求，使原材料、成品的运输路线短捷、流畅。加工工艺相似的车间联系紧密，以减少占地面积。布置上符合消防要求。另外，布置上考虑了工厂的长远发展，设置了预留区。根据厂区所在地的主导方向，将全厂分为多个功能区，将污染较大的车间设置在下风向。厂区共有四个门，分别有不同的作用。

总平面布置的主要经济指标如下：

厂区占地面积：84018m²     建筑占地面积：21795m²     建筑系数：32%

场地利用系数：71%       绿化系数：19%

3. 生产工艺

由于液体吸收到纸中取决于纸幅结构的疏松性和液体与纤维表面之间的表面张力，接触角取决于纸中抽提物含量，因为，漂白化学木浆相对于其他浆吸收性更好，因此，采用漂白化学木浆更适合生活用纸的特点要求。

从物理特性来看，短纤维比长纤维的柔韧性好，加之烘缸使贴缸面纤维比另一面纤维柔软性好。因此，若短纤维靠近起皱刮刀，长纤维远离起皱刮刀，最终产品贴缸面将极其柔软，而长纤维因未受到起皱过程的破坏而强度较高；若长纤维靠近起皱刮刀，短纤维远离，因起皱增加了长纤维的柔软性，这样就和短纤维一样也具有较好的柔软性，使最终产品的柔软性均匀。

通常是长、短纤维混合使用。长纤维一般采用漂白硫酸盐针叶木浆（NBKP），短纤维则采用漂白硫酸盐阔叶木浆（LBKP）。长、短纤维分别经碎浆、磨浆、疏解等处理，然后在混合塔中混合，送入后面工序。根据生活用纸的特点，对浆料的处理应以疏解为主，切短为辅的原则，针叶木浆纤维较长，在打浆过程中应适当切断，而阔叶木纤维比较短，则主要以疏解为主。鉴于两种浆料的特点，采用分别打浆的方式，打浆完后混合进入浆料流送系统。流送系统是是保证纸页成形质量的关键环节，要求整个系统从上浆泵到流浆箱之间采用全封闭设计，以防止浆料与空气的接触，避免产生气泡，从而降低脉冲对纸页的影响。由于浆料的来源比较干净，再加上在浆料制备工段经过高浓除渣器的处理，所以，在此一般不需要进行低浓度除砂处理。经冲浆泵冲浆后，再经压力筛后进入流浆箱，再经成形器、真空压榨、杨克烘缸和呼吸式气罩干燥后，经卷纸机后到半成品库或送后工序加工^[2]。

本次设计是采用了先进的DCS/QCS控制系统，并充分考虑了废水、废气、废渣（“三废”）的综合循环利用，从而节约了能源和原料，降低了成本，还保护了生态环境。

综上所述，本生产工艺设计满足优等品生活用纸生产工艺要求。

4. 车间设备布置

车间布置反应了生产设备之间的关系以及相对于流程的关系，表现了车间面积与空间的利用情况。

本设计中设备布置为一层布置，执行国家《建筑统一模数制》及《厂房建筑统一基本原则》的标准和规定。车间主厂房横向跨度24米，厂房高15米，地下3米^[3]。

地上部分主要为浆池、白水塔、纸机等主要设备，这样有利于集中管理。真空系统设在传动侧，远离操作室。

地下部分主要为一部分碎浆机、冲浆泵、网下白水盘等设备，与地上部分相配合。

5. 采暖通风

本厂采用机械和自然相结合的通风方式。自然通风利用侧窗、天窗控制调节进风点和进风量，因主导风向为东南风，故厂区采取东西走向有利于采光和通风。机械通风借助风机产生，使车间内的污浊空气排出室外。抄纸车间在纸机运行中会产生大量的湿热，为了保证抄纸工段正常生产，需采用机械方式排出湿热，输入新鲜空气。同时，可以消除工作人员因湿热产生的疲劳和避免顶棚表面结露掉水。

采暖充分利用废热。控制室采用空调，以保证适宜的工作环境。

6. 供水及“三废”处理

本厂供水是由银州湖工业用水厂和银州湖自来水厂提供，分别满足项目生产用水和生活用水。“三废”排放符合国家环保局颁发的《造纸工业污染物排放标准》。本工程排出的废水主要来自制浆工段，废水所含SS、COD_Cr较高，所以废水经处理后部分回用，其余达标后排放，排放废水达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）二级排放标准后排入江门市工业污水处理管网。

7. 结束语

本设计的重点是生产工艺流程的设计和车间工艺平面布置，同时考虑废水、废气、固废的循环综合利用，兼顾安全防火、技术经济等要求。

参考文献

[1]常铁智，李加楠．20##-20##年中国生活用纸市场投资分析及前景预测[Ｍ]．中投顾问，2014．

[2]程小峰．高档生活用纸生产工艺[J]．中国造纸2001，1：28-32．

[3]徐世荣．年产3万吨高档生活用纸项目的工程设计[J]．中华纸业，2008，27（12）：82-85．

[4]王志杰．制浆造纸工程设计[J]．北京：中国轻工业出版社，2009．

[5]陈克复．制浆造纸机械与设备（下）（第二版）[M]．北京：中国轻工业出版社，2009．

[6]卢谦和．造纸原理与工程（第二版）[M]．北京：中国轻工业出版社，2008．

 

第二篇：毕业设计缩写稿范文14

Explore Sustainable Development of Family Enterprise from

Toyota

ABSTRACT

Family enterprises are the most universal enterprise organization, but there is the law “wealth can’t be passed above three generations”in their life periods, and Chinese family enterprises’ lives are shorter. The paper gives out the detailed description about family enterprises’ situation and analysis of family enterprises’ congenital advantages and inherent defects. The deep discussion about the development path of family enterprises is carried out in terms of practice and theory and the opinion that the way of family enterprises’ sustainable development is evolving into public companies. The relevant recommendations on construction of the sustainable development path are also proposed.

KEY WORDS: family enterprise, sustainable development, Toyota

The Abbreviation Version of the Thesis of Undergraduates

Explore Sustainable Development of Family Enterprise from

Toyota

Abstract

Through the way of consulting material, on-line search and refer to the

domestic and foreign scholar related family enterprise's theory and the practice

method, this article has analyzed the questions which in our country family enterprise existed, We obtained some methods and the measures to solve the question and

proposed some opinions and the improvement programs ,in this way, we can made up for one's deficiency by learning from others' strong points, Thus we can forms the Family firm new pattern .To a certain extent it can enable the Family firm the sustainable development.

KEY WORDS: family business, sustainable development, Toyota

1 Introduction

The Family firm has the vital role in the world economics, Toyota does very well in many aspects. The Family firm is important in our country's enterprise, .Therefore; the research of family firm is a very meaningful topic.

2 The Definition of Family Business Features and

Advantages and Disadvantages

The Family firm is playing the important role in the modern economy, it has the superiority, but it also has many shortcomings.

2.1 Definition of Family Business

Hand1er pointed out: “the Family firm researchers face most important and the most direct challenge are defining the Family firm.

2.1.1 Definition of Foreign Family Business Review

(1) Chandler: the traditional right of the individual enterprise that is the unity of the two enterprises is family businesses.

(2) Gaierxike considered: whether the ownership rests in the hands of family members to start a business, is the division of family businesses and non-family business watershed.

(3) Hollander & Elman so that the family business from one or two more family members who owned and managed company.

(4) Barnes and Hershon that the family business is the ownership of the business by a person or a family member of the control and management of family members or their descendants in the enterprise.

2.1.2 Definition of Family Business of The domestic scholar

(1) Taiwan scholar Ye Yinhua proposed to control the shareholding ratio of the critical divide family business.

(2) storage Professor Xiaoping: family business should be seen as a continuous distribution of the state, from the family all have the right to the critical control of the two companies are family businesses.

(3) Liu Xiaoxuan it’s defined as: individual business owners hold the majority of business residual income rights and control over the enterprise to bear the major risks.

2.1.3 This Review of the Definition of Family Business

Family Business is business ownership or control of ownership vested in one or more families or family-owned, and can control the ownership or the legal transfer of ownership in the organization of future generations.

2.2 Characteristics of Family Business

Prominent characteristic of family businesses is the following.

2.2.1 The Close Integration of Ownership and Management, Decision-making and Management of Highly Concentrated

2.2.2 Family Business Management with a Strong Family of Color

2.2.3 Family Business of the Funds Accumulated from the Family's Property

2.3 Analysis the Advantages and Disadvantages of Family Business Family Business as a Widespread form of Business Organization in the Country and Even World-wide Economic Development Plays an Important Role.

2.3.1 Advantages of Family Enterprise

The advantages of family businesses mainly in: family business with a strong sense of responsibility and cohesion, rapid and flexible decision-making and

management, low cost, entrepreneurs have a strong sense of mission, business operations are more flexible mechanism.

2.3.2 Disadvantages of Family Business

The disadvantages of family businesses mainly in: personal dictatorship,

cronyism, content with the lack of effective and innovative mechanisms

3 Toyota's Success

3.1 Toyota's Present Situation Status

Toyota is Japan's largest automobile company, founded in 1933, Toyota Motor Corporation has strong technical development capability, attaches great importance to study the needs of automotive customers, different historical stages in its development create a different brand, but also to fast Product type beat the United States and Europe for competition.

3.2 The Success of Toyota

Toyota Motor Corporation, as representatives of Japanese companies, breaking up General Motors for more than 70 years of dominance, Toyota reason to break

barriers and the protection of the U.S. government made rapid development because: the superb "diplomatic" strategy, the United States "Corporate Immigration," an extension of the technology sales.

3.2.1 Quality of Toyota

Toyota Toyota's world-renowned quality of its subject peoples of the world's trust and love, globalization of production is one of the important ways, TPS Toyota production chain of the most fundamental way.

3.2.2 Toyota's Idea

Toyota's philosophy is the pursuit of human and social, environmental

harmonies, the company has been since the start of “by car, creating an affluent society” and makes unremitting efforts.

3.2.3 Toyota's Expansion

Currently, Toyota is using the technology in the automotive field experience

gained, and actively explores a variety of new business: financial industry, home business, information and communication industry and so on.

3.3.3 Toyota's Innovation

Toyota produced the world's first two-power gasoline car - Purlieus, the city's electricity, oil countryside, truly a saving and environmental protection.

4 The Status and Problems of China’s Family Businesses

Our country's Family firm exists in the specific social environment, but because of some economic backgrounds, there are some problems in the development process.

4.1 Current Situation of Chinese Family Enterprises

(1) Enterprise size: The small and medium-sized enterprise occupies the

overwhelming majority, but we also have the minority big enterprise

(2) Capital Source: Fund basically from family

(3) Enterprise Property: The family members who are in the enterprise control stock

(4) Management: The family members are playing a important role in the

family firm

(5) Organizational structure: The Limited liability Company occupies the big share but often not to have the real significance

(6) Capital management: The Family firm in the stock market is not only the leader is also a spot

(7) Intergenerational transmission: The pioneer basically governed the

enterprise but enterprise's inheritance question has already proposed.

4.2 Problems of Family Enterprises Development

Although our family business has made in the development process of many achievements, but inevitable in this process there have been some problems.

4.2.1 The introduction of Professional Management Issues

The majority Family firms develop must break through the family system, but must let it faces the very big risk with other people share property rights and the right of management.

4.2.2 Financing

The Family firm must solve question: How to obtain more funds through many kinds of financing channels.

4.2.3 Lack of Strategic Consideration

China's Family firm mostly only takes seriously to plan, and does not take the strategy.

4.2.4 Market Access and Property Rights Protection of the Family Business Sector Access to Restricted Areas and More, the Threshold High

Family firm's profession admittance forbidden area are many, the threshold is high.

4.2.5 Enterprise's Trust Question

Our country Family firm internal trusting relationship is the establishment above the blood relative relates, the confidence level is along with the family relates, but decreases progressively gradually.

4.2.6 Inheritance of Business

Family firm's inheritance question involves to questions and so on property

rights assignment, property protection, conflict solution.

5 Compared with Toyota and Our Country Family Firm Toyota makes the very big progress in its development's process, our country's Family firm also has the very big breakthrough in the development process, but actually has many problems, this article compares our country Family firm and the Japanese Toyota carries on from the following several aspects.

5.1 Enterprise Management

Toyota uses the Japanese style management, which mainly follows the 5S

management; Chinese family enterprises choose the Chinese management.

5.1.1 Basic Management of Enterprises

Toyota management is one of the major characteristics of quality management, but some of our family business relies on experience, not formed in the management of a more systematic management, the lack of training system.

5.1.2 People Management

The Japanese Toyota manages the human affairs which is characteristic to hire the control system, namely lifelong hires the system, the seniority sequence wage system and the Enterprise union. Most of our managers of many companies claim to be man of the management, but their general position is oversight and control.

5.1.3 Quality Management

Our country's Family firm quality control missed for 50 years, our country's

Family firm has also taken the quality, but there were not many the true quality controls of enterprises actually.

5.1.4 Business Process Reengineering

Our country Family firm's Business Process Reengineering theory has been

shorter for 20 years that compared with the overseas enterprise, but the actual

management slower for 20 years which have compared with the foreign country.

5.2 The Impact of Enterprise System

What Japan's enterprise insisted is the Japanese-style control system, to a certain extent it promoted enterprise's development, our country's Family firm property right structure unification, causes the enterprise very inaccessibility economies of scale

effect, does not have perfect and the standard organizational structure, the Family firm grows strong unceasingly, the internal family type government's shortcoming exposes gradually.

5.3 The Impact of Corporate Culture

The Japanese Toyota's enterprise culture has 5 hidden rules, our country Family firm's culture actually has many own characteristics and the question: Dual, closeness, guardian arbitrary and so on, they have affected our country Family firm's economic development to a certain extent.

6 New Directions for the Development of China's Family

Enterprises

Most family businesses in China are still in the development of low-level stage.

6.1 The Modern Management of the Enterprise

In the management innovation's way, many enterprises continue are maintaining to the advanced management idea, the method and experience's study enthusiasm and they are starting to ponder, to summarize the Chinese Enterprise's successful

experience and the management characteristic earnestly.

6.2 Sound Law; Regulate the Market, Providing a Core Perfect Market Platform

The government should improve the law, make the market standardization,

provides the more perfect market platform for enterprise's system vicissitude and the development.

6.3 Establish and Improve the Professional Managers Market and Credit Evaluation System

The introduction of professional manager breaks through the Family firm

talented person bottleneck's important way; it is also the request of the perfect legal person management structure.

6.4 Relax Financing Control, Strengthening the Financing System and Monitoring System

The relaxation of Private enterprise's financing control encourages and guides Private enterprise going on the market financing, they will be helpful to Family firm's management socialization, realizes Family firm's sustainable development.

6.5 Makes the Advanced Enterprise Culture, the Enhancement

Enterprise's Cohesive Force

Family firm's pioneers need to speed up their knowledge refresh rate, forms the suitable modern enterprise management and operation idea, in this way it causes the enterprise operation date adaptation norm the market economy rule. 7 Conclusions Our country family enterprises’ history is quite short, the growth is incomplete, but they are actually facing the strong competitor, therefore we must go out the road of the sustainable development to avoid being defeated, according to the actual situation, we draw up the corresponding measure, we must refer to the foreign advanced experience and the lesson, thus, we may open a road to belong to our country family enterprise's road of sustainable development.

Acknowledgements

On this occasion, the graduation thesis was near the end, thanks for haojing

college of Shanxi university of science and technology, I have studied for four years here, It has molded my life breath, the life way, also has exercised the heart which

feels grateful, thanks for college's leaders who give us the Comprehensive attendance , lets us feel warm in the intense exhausted life, thanks for Chair Yang to care about us , Simultaneously thanks for Mr. Liang's outstanding patient instruction and explains the difficult question for us, therefore, we can complete our paper smoothly, certainly, I must thank my parents in the period school, thanks them all which does to me, thank you very much..