远航雅思高级写作第四期 Lesson 10

Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS Lesson Ten

Part One: Brief Introduction to Report Writing

图表作文写作技巧指引

一、 图表类型

远航雅思高级写作第四期Lesson10

二、 要点分析

Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS

A. 表格图

1横向比较: 介绍横向各个数据的区别,变化和趋势

2纵向比较:介绍纵向各个数据的区别,变化和趋势

3

说明:考察例举数字的能力和方法。注意怎样通过举一些有代表性的数据来有效地说明问题。

B. 曲线图

1极点说明: 对图表当中最高的,最低的点要单独进行说明

2趋势说明: 对图表当中曲线的连续变化进行说明,如上升,下降,波动,持平

3交点说明:

说明:关键是把握好曲线的走向和趋势,学会general classification,即在第二段的开头部分对整个曲线进行一个阶段式的总分类,使写作层次清晰。接下来在分类描述每个阶段的specific trend,同时导入数据作为你分类的依据。注意不要不做任何说明就机械性的导入数据!

C. 饼状图

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Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS 2 3

D. 柱状图

1.比较: similarity

2.对比: difference)

3.横向总结所有柱状图表的共性特征 & 分别描写各个柱子的个性特征

E. 流程图

1.

2. 准备工作

3.

4.

5. 简单总结(可有可无)

Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS 说明:注意流程图里的“因果关系”或每一流程的“承前启后”关系;表达每一流程的主体内容,阐明这种关系;揭示其内在联系或规律;最后,给予简要归纳和总结。

F. 实物/器具工作过程

1.

2.

3.

4. 简单总结

G. 综合图

1不求甚解,不拘泥于细节

2分门别类,分段落详细介绍各个图表

3不画蛇添足,主观臆断或猜测图表之间的关系

Part Four: Some Key Points

1.时态

如无明确具体时间,用一般现在时;如标明了过去的时间或将来的时间,则用相应的过去时和将来时描述。有时可能需要使

用多种时态描述,视具体情况而定。

2. 客观性

Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS 不应该存在任何自己的主观想象成分,即使是结尾段也不应随意写,应该是根据图表的实际内容作出符合逻辑的总结归纳。

3. 准确性

图里面出现的数字或任何信息不能抄错,如果看不清楚一个数值是否落在了一个点上,可以适当估算一个值。

4. 专注重点

图表题需要对特殊的信息作出分析介绍,例如图表题中的起点、拐点、终点、交点与变化趋势一定需要描述,其余非特征的

数据根据时间情况而定。切勿面面俱到,否则时间会超出规定范围。

5.审题很重要

在20分钟内完成150字文章不容易,首先需要把题目看清楚。不论哪类图表题,看不清楚某个数值时,允许使用“大约”这

类词,如about/around/just over/just under/approximately/roughly, etc

6.确定写几段

一般来说可以根据图表的数量确定写几个段落。例如如果给出一个图表,主题段落可以采用一段式,如果这一个图表中有两

条线,那可以采用两段主体段写作方式。视具体情况而定。在开始写的时候确认好要写几段,每段分别写什么内容,这样在写的时候不会乱。

远航雅思高级写作第四期Lesson10

远航雅思高级写作第四期Lesson10

7. 雅思小作文分类

??

? Table Line graph/graph 线图(直线表格 &

?

? Bar chart /chart

Pie chart Process diagram

柱状图(条形图)曲线)

饼状图流程图

注意:写作文的时候,在第一段中可以把题目给出的名称替换成其他名称,如

Part Two: How to Write a Report of ‘Maps’

? 学习目标:

充分掌握在地图题写作里面需要运用的思路和表达方式

bar chart可以说成chart。

Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS 学习难点:

地图题中关于方位的表达,以及如何进行段落之间的衔接

学习效果:

基本上掌握一些正确的表达形式和单词

1. 方位的表达

? A位于B的范围内 ,如A位于B的东部地区

Shanghai is in the east of China

? A在B以东,即A位于B以东

Japan is to the east of China

? A在B以东,并且接壤

Tianjin is on the east of Hebei

Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS ? A在B 西北部的120 千米处

A lies 120 km to the northwest of B

? Mountains are parallel to the rivers.(与……平行)

?

? The truck is to the right of the gas station.(在……的右边)

?

? The church is surrounded by trees.(被……包围)

?

? A policeman is at the crossing/intersection/.(在……十字路口)

?

? The bank is in the top left-hand corner of the residential zone.(在……的左上角)

?

? The playground is roughly in the middle of the residential zone.(大概在……的中间)

? The supermarket is directly opposite to the bus stop.(在……的正对面)

Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS ? The barber’s is in close proximity to/ near by/ by the side of the hospital.(在……附近)

?

? Houses are at the bottom of the residential zone.(在……底部)

?

? The supermarket is halfway between the bank and the barber’s.(在……半途中)

?

? The motorcyclist is outside the residential zone.(在……外面)

?

? The shop is along the roadside.(在路边)

Example(1): 选址型

The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket (S) is planned for the town. The map shows two possible sites for supermarket.

Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS

远航雅思高级写作第四期Lesson10

Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS

Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS P1

? The map shows two proposed locations for a new supermarket for the town of Garlsdon

P2

? The first potential location (S1) is outside the town itself, and is sited just off the main road to the town of Hindon, lying 12

kms to the north-west.

? This site is in the countryside and so would be able to accommodate a lot of car parking.

? This would make it accessible to shoppers from both Hindon and Garlsdon who could travel by car.

? As it is also close to the railway line linking the two towns to Cransdon (25 km to the south-east), a potentially large number

of shoppers would also be able to travel by train

? generally speaking, the price of rent is relatively lower in countryside, so it will save some expending to some extent

P3

? In contrast, the suggested location, S2, is right in the town centre, which would be good for local residents.

? Theorically the store could be accessed by road or rail from the surrounding towns, including Bransdon, but as the central

area is a no-traffic zone, cars would be unable to park and access would be difficult.

P4

? Overall, neither site is appropriate for all the towns, but for customers in Cransdon, Hindon and Garlsdon, the out-of-town

Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS

site (S1) would probably offer more advantages.

? base on the factor of economy, the decision of choosing S1 is reasonable for boss

Example(2)——发展型

? Chorleywood is a village near London whose population has increased steadily since the middle of the nineteenth century.

The map below shows the development of the village.

? Write a report for a university lecturer describing the development of the village.

Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS

远航雅思高级写作第四期Lesson10

Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS

远航雅思高级写作第四期Lesson10

Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS P1

? The map shows the changes and development of Chorleywood village in Great Britain over a period of 126 years from 1868

to 1994.

P2

? Chronologically, during the first 15 years from 1868 to 1883, Chorleywood was merely a very small village with one main

road to its west.

? From 1883 to 1922, we see that the village expanded to south, almost tripled the original scale.

? Besides, a railway line was built across the new area from west to east and there emerged the Chorleywood Station.

? During 1922-1970, Chorleywood extended both eastward and westward and almost doubled the previous size.

P3

? Then during 1970-1994, the village accelerated its pace of development eastward.

? A north-south motorway built in 1970 as the axis, with the almost paralleled to east-west main road and railway as two

dividing lines, cutting this new area into five parts.

? This new expansion was almost twice the scale of the old village.

Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS ? The Chorleywood Park and a golf course separated the old and new area.

P4

? Thus, we see the fast expansion history of this small village across a span of over 100 years.

Vocabularies(2)

原有事物尺寸上变大/变小:

The size of the library has been enlarged/extended/reduced by half

原有事物没了:

The farms completely disappeared/were removed.

原有事物被改为:

? A is transformed/reconstructed/

converted/changed/turned over to/ into B

Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS ? A is replaced /substituted by B = A gives way to B

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