《商业计划书》规范化格式(中文版)

[xxx投资有限公司 投资部制]

保 密 承 诺

本商业计划书内容涉及本公司商业秘密，仅对有投资意向的投资者公开。本公司要求投资公司项目经理收到本商业计划书时做出以下承诺：

妥善保管本商业计划书，未经本公司同意，不得向第三方公开本商业计划书涉及的本公司的商业秘密。

项目经理签字：

接 收 日 期： 年 月 日

商 业 计 划 书

（撰写参考）

项目名称 项目单位 地 址 电 话 传 真 电子邮件 联 系 人

[公司名称]

[日期]

目 录

执

„„„„„行„„„„„概„„„„„„要„

第一部分 公司基本情况„„„„„„„„„„„„

第二部分 公司管理层„„„„„„„„„„„„„

第三部分 产品/服务„„„„„„„„„„„„„

第四部分 研究与开发„„„„„„„„„„„„„

第五部分 行业及市场情况„„„„„„„„„„„

第六部分 营销策略„„„„„„„„„„„„„„

第七部分 产品制造„„„„„„„„„„„„„„

第八部分 管理„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„

第九部分 融资说明„„„„„„„„„„„„„„

第十部分 财务计划„„„„„„„„„„„„„„

第十一部分 风险控制„„„„„„„„„„„„„„

第十二部分 项目实施进度„„„„„„„„„„„„

第十三部分 其它„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„

备查资料清单„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„

撰写说明„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„

执行概要

说明：执行概要尽量控制在2-3页纸内完成。

[摘要内容参考]

1、公司基本情况 （公司名称、成立时间、注册地区、注册资本，主要股东、股份比例，主营业务，过去三年的销售收入、毛利润、纯利润，公司地点、电话、传真、联系人。）

2、主要管理者情况 （姓名、性别、年龄、籍贯，学历/学位、毕业院校，政治面貌，行业从业年限，主要经历和经营业绩。）

3、产品/服务描述 (产品/服务介绍，产品技术水平，产品的新颖性、先进性和独特性，产品的竞争优势。)

4、研究与开发 (已有的技术成果及技术水平，研发队伍技术水平、竞争力及对外合作情况，已经投入的研发经费及今后投入计划，对研发人员的激励机制。)

5、行业及市场 (行业历史与前景，市场规模及增长趋势，行业竞争对手及本公司竞争优势，未来3年市场销售预测。)

6、营销策略 (在价格、促销、建立销售网络等各方面拟采取的策略及其可操作性和有效性，对销售人员的激励机制。)

7、产品制造 (生产方式，生产设备，质量保证，成本控制。)

8、管理 (机构设置，员工持股，劳动合同，知识产权管理，人事计划。)

9、融资说明 (资金需求量、用途、使用计划，拟出让股份，投资者权利，退出方式。)

10、财务预测 (未来3年或5年的销售收入、利润、资产回报率等。)

11、风险控制 (项目实施可能出现的风险及拟采取的控制措施)

第一部分 公司基本情况

公司基本情况：

公司名称

成立时间

注册资本

实际到位资本

其中现金到位

无形资产占股份比例 %

注册地点

公司性质为：请填写公司性质，如：有限公司、股份有限公司、合伙企业、个人独资等，并说明其中国有成份比例和外资比例。

公司沿革：说明自公司成立以来主营业务、股权。注册资本等公司基本情形的变动，并说明这些变动的原因。

目前公司主要股东情况：列表说明目前股东的名称及其出资情况，如下表：

目前公司内部部门设置情况：以组织机构图来表示本公司的独资、控股、参股有公司经及非法人

机构的情况：

以图形方式表示。

公司曾经经营过的业务有 、 、 、 、 。 公司目前经营的业务为 、 、 、 、 。 目前主营业务为 。

公司目前职工情况：

如：拥有员工 人，其中管理人员 人，生产工人 人；管理人员中，大专以上文化程度的有 人，占员工总数 %，大学本科以上的有 人，占员工总数 %，硕士学位(含中级职称)以上的有 人，占员工总数 %，博士学位(含高级职称)以上的有 人，占员工总数 %；

最好列表说明，如下表：

公司经营财务历史：列表说明：

(单位：万元)

公司近期及未来3—5年要实现的目标(行业地位、销售收入、市场占有、产品品牌以及公司股票上市等)：

公司近期及未来3—5年的发展方向、发展战略和要实现的目标：

第二部分 公司管理层

董事会成员名单：

董事长

姓名 性别 年龄 籍贯 联系电话 学历 学位 所学专业 职称

毕业院校 户口所在地 主要经历和业绩：着重描述在本行内的技术和管理经验及成功事例。

总经理

姓名 性别 年龄 籍贯 联系电话 学历 学位 所学专业 职称 毕业院校 户口所在地 主要经历和业绩：着重描在本行业内的技术和管理经验及成功事例。

技术开发负责人

姓名 性别 年龄 籍贯 联系电话 学历 学位 所学专业 职称 毕业院校 户口所在地 主要经历和业绩：着重描述在本行业内的技术水平、经验和成功事例。

市场营销负责人

姓名 性别 年龄 籍贯 联系电话 学历 学位 所学专业 职称 毕业院校 户口所在地 主要经历和业绩：着重描述在本行业的营销经验和成功事例。

财务负责人

姓名 性别 年龄 籍贯 联系电话 学历 学位 所学专业 职称

毕业院校 户口所在地

主要经历和业绩：着重描述在财务、金融、筹资、投资等方面的背景、经验和业绩。

其他对公司发展负有重要责任的人员(可增加附页)

姓名 性别 年龄 籍贯 联系电话

学历 学位 所学专业 职称

毕业院校 户口所在地

主要经历和业绩：根据公司的需要，来描述不同人员在特定方面的专长。

第三部分 产品/服务

产品/服务描述(这里主要介绍拟投资的产品/服务的背景、目前所处发展阶段、与同行业其它公司同类产品/服务的比较，本公司产品/服务的新颖性、先进性和独特性，如拥有的专门技术、版权、配方、品牌、销售网络、许可证、专营权、特许权经营等。)：

公司现有的和正在申请的知识产权(专利、商标、版权等)：

专利申请情况：

产品商标注册情况：

公司是否已签署了有关专利权及其它知识产权转让或授权许可的协议？如果有，请说明（并附主要条款）：

目标市场：这里对产品面向的用户种类要进行详细说明。 、 、 、

、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、

产品更新换代周期：更新换代周期的确定要有资料来源。

产品标准：详细列明产品执行的标准。

详细描述本公司产品/服务的竞争优势 (包括性能、价格、服务等方面)：

产品的售后服务网络和用户技术支持:

第四部分 研究与开发

公司已往的研究与开发成果及其技术先进性 (包括技术鉴定情况、获国际、国家、省、市及有关部门和机构奖励情况)：

公司参与制订产品或技术的行业标准和质量检测标准情况：

国内外研究与开发情况，以及公司在技术与产品开发方面的国内外主要的竞争对手(5家)情况，公司为提高竞争力拟采取的措施：

到目前为止，公司在技术开发方面的资金总投入是多少，计划再投入的开发资金是多少 (列表说明每年购置开发设备、开发人员工资、试验检测费用、以及与开发有关的其它费用)：

请说明，今后为保证产品质量，产品升级换代和保持技术先进水平，公司的开发方向、开发重点和正在开发的技术和产品等情况：

公司现有技术开发资源以及技术储备情况：

公司寻求技术开发依托 (如大学、研究所等) 情况，合作方式：

公司将采取怎样的激励机制和措施，来保持关键技术人员和技术队伍的稳定：

公司未来3—5年在开发资金投入和人员投入计划(万元)：

第五部分 行业及市场情况

行业情况 （行业发展历史及趋势，哪些行业的变化对产品利润、利润率影响较大，进入该行业的技术壁垒、贸易壁垒。政策限制等，行业市场前景分析与预测）：

过去3年或5年和年全行业销售总额：必须注明资料来源。

（单位：万元）

未来3年或5年各年全行业销售收入预测：必须注明资料来源。

（单位：万元）

本公司与行业内五个主要竞争对手的比较：主要描述在主要销售市场中的竞争对手。

市场销售有无行业管制，公司产品进入市场的难度分析：

公司未来3年或5年的销售收入预测（融资不成功的情况下）：

（单位：万元）

公司未来3年或5年的销售收入预测（融资成功情况下）：

（单位：万元）

第六部分 营销策略

产品销售成本的构成及销售价格制订的依据：

如果产品已经在市场上形成了竞争优势，请说明与哪些因素有关（如成本相同但销售价格低、成本低形成销售优势、以及产品性能、品牌、销售渠道优于竞争对手产品，等等）：

在建立销售网络、销售渠道、设立代理商、分销商方面的策略与实施：

在广告促销方面的策略与实施：

在产品销售价格方面的策略与实施：

在建立良好销售队伍方面的策略与实施：

产品售后服务方面的策略与实施：

其它方面的策略与实施：

对销售队伍采取什么样的激励机制：

第七部分 产品制造

产品生产制造方式（公司自建厂生产产品，还是委托生产，或其它方式，请说明原因）：

公司自建厂情况厂，购买厂房还是租用厂房，厂房面积是多少，生产面积是多少，厂房地点在哪里，交通、运输、通讯是否方便：

现有生产设备情况（专用设备还是通用设备，先进程度如何，价值是多少，是否投保，最大生产能力是多少，能否满足产品销售增长的要求，如果需要增加设备，采购计划、采购周期及安装调试周期；如果需要大规模建设，是否选择“交钥匙”方式进行，“交钥匙”工程的承包机构是否提供工期、质量方面的保证，如何对这些保证加以实施？）：

请说明，如果设备操作需要特殊技能的员工，如何解决这一问题：

简述产品的生产制造过程、工艺流程：

如何保证主要原材料、元器件、配件以及关键零部件等生产必须品的进货渠道的稳定性、可靠性、质量及进货周期，列出3家主要供应商名单及联系电话：

主要供应商1

主要供应商2

主要供应商3

正常生产状态下，成品率、返修率、废品率控制在怎样的范围内，描述生产过程中产品的质量保证体系、以及关键质量检测设备：

产品成本和生产成本如何控制，有怎样的具体措施：

产品批量销售价格的制订，产品毛利润率是多少？纯利润率是多少？

第八部分 管 理

请说明：为保证融资项目按计划实施，公司准备今后各年陆续设立哪些机构，各机构配备多少人员，人员年收入情况。请用图表统计表示出来，附在本计划中。

公司是否通过国内外管理体系认证？

公司对管理层及关键人员将采取怎样的激励机制：

公司是否考虑员工持股问题，请说明：

公司是否与掌握公司关键技术及其它重要信息的人员签定竞业禁止协议，若有，请说明协议主要内容：

公司是否与每个雇员签定劳动用工合同：

公司否与相关员工签定公司技术秘密和商业秘密的保密合同：

公司是否为每位员工购买保险，请说明保险险种：

公司是否存在关联经营和家族管理问题，若有，请说明：

公司与董事会、董事、主要管理者、关键雇员之间是否有实际存在或潜在的利益冲突，如果有，请说明解决办法：

请说明，公司对知识产权、技术秘密和商业秘密的保护措施：

请说明，项目实施过程中，公司需要哪些外部支持，如何获得这些支持：

第九部分 融资说明

为保证项目实施，需要新增投资是多少 万元，

新增投资中，需投资方投入 万元，对外借贷 万元，

公司自身投入 万元。如果有对外借贷，抵押或担保措施是什么？

请说明投入资金的用途和使用计划：

希望让投资方参股本公司还是投资合作成立新公司？请说明原因：

拟向投资方出让多少权益？计算依据是什么？

预计未来3年或5年平均每年净资产收益率是少？

投资方可享有哪些监督和管理权力？

如果公司没有实现项目发展计划，公司与管理层向投资方承担哪些责任？

投资方以何种方式收回投资，具体方式和执行时间：

在与公司业务有关的税种和税率方面，公司享受哪些政府提供的优惠政策及未来可能的情况（如：市场准入、减免税等方面的优惠政策）：

需要对投资方说明的其它情况：

第十部分 财务计划

产品形成规模销售时，毛利润率为 %，纯利润率为 %

请提供：未来3—5年的项目盈亏平衡表、项目资产负债表、项目损益表、项目现金流量表、项目销售计划表、项目产品成本表；

（第一年每个月计算现金流量，共12个月，第二年每季度计算现金流量，共四个季度，第三、四、五年每年计算现金流量，共三年）

注：每一项财务数据要有依据，要进行财务数据说明。

第十一部分 风险控制

请说细说明该项目实施过程中可能遇到的风险及控制、防范手段（包括政策风险、加入WTO的风险、技术开发风险、经营管理风险、市场开拓风险、生产风险、财务风险、汇率风险、投资风险、股票风险、对公司关键人员依赖的风险等。以上风险如适用，每项要单独叙述控制和防范手段）：

第十二部分 项目实施进度

详细列明项目实施计划和进度（注明起止时间）：

第十三部分 其它

为补充本项目计划书内容，需要进一步说明的有关问题（如公司或公司主要管理人员和关键人员过去、现在是否卷入法律诉讼及仲裁事件中，对公司有何影响）：

请将产品彩页、公司宣传介绍册、证书等作为附件附于本调查表后。清单如下：

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary .....................................................................................................................

Management ................................................................................................................................

[Company] History ..................................................................................................

[Product/Service] Description ......................................................................................................

Objectives ....................................................................................................................................

Competitors .................................................................................................................................

Competitive Advantages ..........................................................................................

Innovation ....................................................................................................................................

Pricing ..........................................................................................................................................

Specific Markets ..........................................................................................................................

Growth Strategy ...........................................................................................................................

Market Size and Share ................................................................................................................

Targeting New Markets ............................................................................................

Location ......................................................................................................................................

Manufacturing Plan .................................................................................................

Research & Development .........................................................................................

Historical Financial Data ...........................................................................................

Proforma Financial Data ...........................................................................................

Proforma Balance Sheet ..........................................................................................

Cost Control .................................................................................................................................

Effects of Loan or Investment ......................................................................................................

Attachments ................................................................................................................................. 

Executive Summary [My Company] was formed as a [proprietorship, partnership, corporation] in [Month, Year] in [City, State], by [John Doe] in response to the following market conditions:

[Startup, growth] opportunities exist in [Product/Service].

The need for use of efficient distribution and financial methods in these overlooked markets.

[I/We] have several customers who are willing to place large [orders,contracts] within the next three months.

Several other prospective [customers/clients] have expressed serious interest in doing business within six months.

[I/We] previously owned a company that was active in the widget markets. Over the past few years I spent much time studying ways to improve overall performance and increase profits. This plan is a result of that study.

The basic components of this plan are:

1. Competitive pricing

2. Expand the markets

3. Increased advertising

4. Lower our unit costs,

5. Thereby achieving higher profits.

1. Sign contracts

2. Increased advertising

3. Increase office staff

To this end, [I/we] need investment from private individuals and/or companies. A total of $XXX is being raised which will be used to finance working capital, plant and equipment. The company will be incorporated and common stock issued to investors. The company will be run as a [proprietorship, partnership, corporation].

Financial Goals

Sales

Net Income

Earnings per

share

Management Year 1 $1,000,000 $25,000 .01 Year 2 $1,400,000 $250,000 .12 Year 3 $1,600,000 $375,000 .14

[Name]

[Title]

[Experience]

Sales growth from zero to $1,000,000 in five years.

Led market in market share - 30%.

Formulated advertising budgets & campaigns.

Pioneered new distribution channels.

Established national sales force.

Established national repair & service centers.

Brought new and innovative products to the market.

Designed point-of-purchase materials.

[Education}

University of Boston

Boston, MA

B.A. - Computer Sciences

Short Biographies

President

John Q. Doe, Chief Executive Officer, and Director since February 1988 and President since January 1990. Mr. Doe was the founder and Chief Executive Officer of the original operating company known as Random Excess, Inc. He has had experience in the widget field with his own firm, John Doe Co., of Oshkosh (Wisconsin), from 1980 to 1987. This firm was sold to FatCat Widgets, Inc. in 1987. Mr. Doe has held a sales position with U S West Inc. since then. Mr. Doe graduated from the University of Colorado in 1981 with a bachelor’s degree in philosophy. Mr. Doe is employed by the Company on a full-time basis.

Chief Financial Officer

Richard Roe, CPA, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Director. Mr. Roe joined Random Excess, Inc. in December 1988 as a corporate controller and was named Chief Financial Officer in July 1989. Mr. Roe was appointed Treasurer and a Director in July 1990. He served as corporate controller of XYZ Lumber Company from August 1981 to December 1988. Mr. Roe graduated from Metropolitan State College in Denver, Colorado in 1976 with a bachelor’s degree in accounting. Since 1979 he has been licensed as a Certified Public Accountant in the State of Colorado and is a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Mr. Roe is employed by the Company on a full-time basis.

Vice President

Joe Dokes, Secretary, Executive Vice President and Director. Mr. Dokes supervises the company’s sales and implementations to its largest corporate customers, including US West, Great West Life Insurance, etc. Mr. Dokes has served as Secretary and a Director since February 1988, Vice President of Operations from February 1988 to December 1988, President of the Company from December 1988 to January 1990 and Vice President of Contract Sales since January 1990. He has been involved since 1986 with the private company originally formed as Random Excess, Inc., where his duties included managing the purchasing and sales department. From November 1984 to May 1986 he managed the sales department at Integrated Management Systems, Inc. From June 1983 to October 1984 he was a buyer for Adams County, Colorado, School District 50. Mr. Dokes attended Oklahoma State University in 1980 and 1981 and Trinidad State College in Trinidad, Colorado in 1981 and 1982. He did not receive a degree from either university. Mr. Dokes is employed by the Company on a full-time basis.

Vice President

Sally Seaugh Vice President of Marketing. Ms. Seaugh has been the Company’s Vice President of Marketing since November 1988. From September 1986 to October 1988 she was involved in business development and marketing for United Bank of Aurora (Colorado). From February 1980 to August 1986 she was self-employed as an independent oil and gas landman. Ms. Seaugh graduated from the University of Denver in 1974 with a bachelor’s degree in Education. She is employed by the Company on a full-time basis.

Responsibilities

John Q. Doe, Chief Executive Officer - Responsible for entire operation. Oversees management function and all other executives.

Salary - $60,000.

Richard Roe, CPA, Chief Financial Officer - Responsible for financial operations, accounts payable, accounts receivable, interaction with auditors, investor relations. Salary - $40,000

Joe Dokes, Executive Vice President - Responsible primarily for sales and sales support.

Salary - $35,000

Sally Seaugh Vice President of Marketing. Responsible for marketing, human resources and training. Salary - $30,000.

Total Executive Compensation

$165,000.

[This Page is for an Organization Chart, if applicable.]

[Company] History

In [Month, Year] [I/we] formed a [Product/Service] company that manufactured start-of-the-art complex widgetry. This company was located in [City, State]. [I/we] formed this company as a

[proprietorship, partnership, corporation]. Others involved in this business were: [names]. The main goal of this company was to [explain].

Financing was arranged through [home equity loans, savings, venture capital, friends and family, etc.]

[Explain terms, rates and ability to repay.]

This venture was very successful in generating and increasing sales, but was not effective in achieving profitability. The main reason for this was the amount of actual overhead experienced. This overhead was not initially anticipated by me at the beginning of that venture. Items including credit checking, warranty program management, extensive travel, maintaining warehouse stock and the management and expense of a national sales force were expenses not originally forecast or expected. With this level of overhead, it was mathematically impossible to achieve profitability.

or:

This venture was very successful in generating and increasing sales, as well as effective in achieving profitability. This was due to the following reasons:

[Reason 1}

[Reason 2]

[Reason 3]

OR:

[My Company] was recently conceived and is still in the beginning stages. To this point the following has been accomplished:

§ A team consisting of [list names and primary responsibility. (i.e John Doe

- Marketing) has been formed.

§ A prospective [customer/client] list has been drawn up.

§ Strategy meetings are being held every Monday, Wednesday and Friday evenings. § This business plan has been drawn up.

[Now link the past to the future - why a former company will lead into this one or how your present company and history will lead into any future plans. A short paragraph should suffice.]

We are now able to adequately address the markets we have targeted. We have adjusted our staff, redirected our advertising and sales force, and have added the products necessary to meet the needs and expectations of our customers.

[Product/Service] Description

[My Company] intends to offer [product/service]. This [product/service] offers our customers the best possible solution as it:

§ Offers the lowest price on the market

§ Is the most technically advanced

§ Offers more useful features

§ Saves them time and money

§ Offers our users better value per dollar spent

§ Provides an alternative way to achieve a similar task.

§ Provides a service which is not presently available in this area.

§ Is strengthened by a team with combined experience of XX years.

§ Saves them time and money

§ Provides an alternative, cost effective way for them to realize a similar

goal.

We have a [copyright, service mark, trademark] or [exclusive agency, marketing rights] for this

[product/service]. This agency will last until XXX at which time it may be extended for XX years or terminated. This agency agreement is cancelable upon XX days written notice.

The [product/service] has a useful life of XX years. To distribute this product so that it remains usable for our customers, we must use the following methods of storage and transportation:

1. Overnight delivery

2. Cold storage

3. Incorporate preservatives

4. Shipment within two weeks to distributors.

5. Specially padded boxcars.

Even though the technology used to create this product is new, we expect that others will be able to substantially reproduce our patented results within XX years. To remain on the leading edge of this product, we will need to devote approximately XX% of revenues toward research and development. Also due to the fast changing nature of this industry, we will need to retrofit these machines within XX years at customer expense. Our manufacturing plan has considered this.

[If general service to be offered is not obvious, such as carpet cleaning, sales rep, lawn care, consulting, etc. explain what service is. Then give a detailed description of your particular service and its uniqueness.]

Short Examples:

1. Our carpet cleaning machinery is state-of-the-art.

2. Our consulting practice will address these specialized areas: [list]

3. We will only rep these specific product lines. [list]

Even though at this time our expertise is unique in the marketplace, we expect advances to be made and competitors to arise and offer similar services. We will meet this challenge by:

1. Hiring staff specialized in these new areas.

2. Increase our continuing education and training expense.

3. Adding complementary lines.

4. Make regular investments in new equipment.

Objectives

Long Term

[My Company] believes very strongly in technical, financial, business and moral excellence. To secure a stable future for all those connected with [My Company] we have set the following long term goals: Present market is estimated at $XXX. Our goal for market share is XX%.

We want to be considered by our peers to be the market leader in sales as evidenced by: Trade industry awards

High end of scale in financial ratios

Major market share

Technical excellence (awards, honors, etc.)

Community involvement (Rotary, United Way, etc.)

Short Term

Market share goals -

1. First Year XX%

2. Second Year XX%

3. Third Year XX%

4. Fourth Year XX%

[Decrease, Maintain] costs through acquisition of new plant and equipment. Increase productivity by investing in employee training and education.

1. Budget for complete computer training for appropriate applications.

2. Set up, Maintain] employee benefit program for continuing college education.

3. Budget for necessary seminars and/or continuing job-specific education.

4. Maintain state-of-the-art accounting system for careful tracking.

5. Monthly reports on financial status vis-a-vis the industry.

6. Aggressive recruitment of the best technical staff in the industry.

7. Support company involvement in various local and national charity events.

Competitors Name

Address

City, State

Strengths:

§ Location - next door to supplier factory, on major artery, close to terminal, etc. § Pricing - Low cost producer, known for aggressive pricing policy.

§ Delivery - ships overnight to anywhere in the world.

§ Management - Everyone has an MBA from Harvard.

Weaknesses

§ Service - takes more than 3 months to receive spare parts.

§ Dedication - If it’s sunny, they’re on the golf course or ski slope.

§ Machinery - Slowly approaching obsolescence unless replaced within six months. § Overhead - Spend lavishly on corporate dining room, limousines and champagne.

Competitive Advantages

The distinctive competitive advantages which [My Company] brings to this market are:

Experience in this market. [I/we] have XXX years of hands-on experience in this industry.

Sophistication in finance and distribution. This results in my being the low cost supplier in these price sensitive markets.

The philosophy of [My Company] is to price not just according to our costs, but also according to what the market will pay.

Our targeted minimum gross profit margin for a category must be XX%.

By pricing to the market, [I/we] will achieve higher sales and therefore increase my buying power. As the amounts of my purchases increase, my per unit costs of shipping decrease and [I/we] will achieve higher discount levels from my suppliers. Through these economies of scale, many items currently on the market can be sold with lower prices, yet a higher net profit.

Product pricing will include a range of quantity discounts as well as an early payment discount.

Rather than being strictly regional, [I/we] will expand into the national market. To control foreign exchange risks, [I/we] will monitor the markets and hedge accordingly.

[I/we] will also use overseas bank accounts.

With those companies with which [I/we] have established a relationship or are known to be financially secure, [I/we] will work on a pre-pay basis. This allows me greater discounts.

A level and policy of Capitalization that will allow me to fully address the respective markets with comprehensive marketing and customer service plans.

By keeping my overhead low, [I/we] will be able to funnel my profits back into operations thus avoiding high debt ratios or lost sales opportunities.

A quarterly direct mail campaign directed at both current customers and prospective new customers consisting of an informative newsletter.

A toll-free national 800 number will be used for customer orders and inquiries.

[I/we] will print complete four-color catalogs on a yearly basis. Price lists will be updated as needed. [I/we] intend to be aggressive in trade magazine advertising. Consideration will also be given to attending trade shows around the country.

With this level of capitalization, should an unexpected downturn occur, [I/we] will be able to continue operations on a positive scale.

Innovation. [I/we] have a history of innovative ideas.

[List your most meaningful ideas and any new ideas you have for the future.]

The distinctive competitive advantages which [My Company] brings to this market are:

Experience in this market. [I/we] have XX years of hands on experience in this industry. Sophistication in management and finance. We are able to run an efficient and lean structure, yet still provide quality service to our clients and customers.

Because of the nature of this industry, we will be able to rent office space in more moderately priced buildings.

As a unique service company, we will be able to keep our margins high, allowing us to provide internal financing for growth possibilities.

A level and policy of Capitalization that will allow [me/us] to fully address the respective markets with comprehensive marketing and customer service plans.

By keeping my overhead low, [I/we] will be able to funnel my profits back into operations thus avoiding high debt ratios or lost sales opportunities.

Our initial marketing campaign will allow us to book a sufficient amount of business so that we can implement our telephone customer service support program.

Innovation

[I/we] have a history of innovative ideas.

[List your most meaningful ideas and any new ideas you have for the future.] Summary

Through [my,our] leadership, [I,we] will be able to reduce overhead as a percentage of sales thereby increasing the amount of profit to be retained in the business. Because of our pricing policy, more people will purchase our merchandise thus increasing the size of the market and we will be increasing our market share. What [My Company] proposes to use are just good solid business sense, economies of scale, and the use of efficient financial techniques. This will allow us the following options:

§ increase service

§ increase advertising

§ reduce prices

? increase profits

? increase selection

Through [my,our] leadership, [I,we] will be able to reduce overhead as a percentage of sales thereby ncreasing the amount of profit to be retained in the business. What [My Company] proposes to use are just good solid business sense, economies of scale, and the use of efficient financial techniques. This will allow us the following options:

§ increase customer service

§ increase advertising expenditures

§ increase profits

§ increase selection of services offered

This plan will give us tremendous flexibility to use any of these options or a mix of them to effectively attack our target markets and meet our long term goals. This combination of experience, sophistication, capitalization and innovation will assist [My Company] as it strives to reach its sales, profit and return objectives.

Pricing

Before [I/we] set the price for my complex widgets, [I/we] determined on a unit basis what my costs were going to be. [I/we] then determined what the market price was for the normal widget. At this price it was determined that for all but the lowest sales projections, this product would turn a profit at this price. However, since our complex widgets offer additional features, we felt that we could price it approximately 50% above simple widgets.

To test this price, we called a database of 50 large users of simple widgets. We first questioned them about the desirability of our extra features and then asked them directly if this price would be acceptable if such a product were available. We found that 75% of those polled would be interested in this product. Of this 75%, we received 10 firm orders representing approximately 30% of this group.

OR:

We have determined that the market price is $ XX per unit. This will equal a margin of XX%. OR:

Our unit cost has been figured at $XX. We need a margin of XX% to pay our overhead and earn a sufficient profit. Therefore, our selling price will be $XX.

Before [I/we] set the price for our [service], [I/we] forecast what our fixed monthly costs were going to be. [I/we] then determined what the market rate for comparable services were. At this rate it was determined that for all but the lowest billing projections, this [Service] would turn a profit at this rate.

[Optional, if applicable]

However, since our service is unique and demands a higher level of expertise, we felt that we should bill above other comparable rates.

Specific Markets

Market #1

General History

The first widget was introduced into the market in 1036. Widgets remained much as the original

thproduction until well into the 20 century when computer modeling showed that there could be

some enhancements made to the basic widget. The market for widgets has been generally steady with market growth closely following the typical population growth. At this time there are approximately 1,500 companies worldwide making comparable simple widgets.

Lawn care companies have enjoyed a period of steady growth over the past twenty years. This demand is due to many factors, not the least of which is the advance of lawn care technology. In our proposed marketing area, there are 25 lawn care services.

Entry Strategy

Our widget has been designed by the latest in computer aided design. We are able to manufacture our complex widgets on computer driven assembly lines using the latest in robotics manufacturing. This gives us a tremendous price advantage.

We intend to market our complex widget through all the normal channels available to simple widgets. These include retail, wholesale, and OEM. To penetrate this market efficiently and swiftly, we intend to initially use commission sales representatives strategically located throughout the USA. We also will start a national advertising campaign targeting the end user in various national publications and on national TV commercials.

Our sales representatives will be chosen based on their own experience in the marketplace. It is our intention to hire the best and the brightest among those currently available. Our marketing tests included many of the reps we initially would like to hire.

Over the past few years, we have noticed an increase in demand for full lawn care services - not just grass cutting and snow removal. Our computerized office allows us to track our clients needs and schedule house calls on one hours notice.

We intend to attack this market very aggressively through the use of:

1. A pool of 10 telemarketers.

2. House-to-house visits to neighbors of present clients.

3. Advertisements in upscale magazines.

4. Radio advertisements on weekends.

5. Sales calls on real estate management companies.

As we are offering a unique service, informing the public of our capabilities is of utmost importance.

Growth Strategy

After having successfully introduced the complex widget into the American market, our expansion will be in two separate areas: increasing sales in the USA and entering various foreign markets.

After we have reached our first year sales goals, we intend to offer our sales reps the opportunity to sell our products exclusively by joining our company. We expect that a small percentage will desire to remain independent and these will have to be replaced with our own sales force. We intend to develop further sales reps from within by hiring and training them in our own sales methods. We will increase national advertising and begin targeting smaller accounts and specialty outlets. Additionally, we will conduct in house seminars for various OEM’s demonstrating how the inclusion of complex widgetry into their own products will increase the value of their products.

After having successfully completed this entry phase into this market in the geographical are we have chosen, we will then expand our market by doing the following:

1. Expand telemarketing pool to 20.

2. Increase number of direct sales reps.

3. Expand into neighboring cities.

Market Size and Share

The American market for [product/service] is estimated at $8 Billion annual sales based on data furnished by XYZ Survey. We estimate that we can achieve XX% market share within XX years. Marketing data for other markets is in the process of collection.

Other Markets

Use the same format for additional markets.

Targeting New Markets

To continue our growth, we will be using the following methods to expand our markets and to increase our new areas of doing business:

§ Customer contact - find out their needs

§ Look for complementary products

§ Trade shows

§ World Trade Center “Network”

§ U.S. Government trade leads

§ State Government trade leads

§ On-line computer prospecting and qualification (DIALOG, D&B, etc.) § Market surveys

§ Research & development

Location

RETAIL EXAMPLE:

This business will be operated at 123 Any Street. This location is desirable because:

1. The traffic flow has been rated at high.

2. The rent is below market

3. The building has the necessary facilities to operate this business.

4. The location is convenient for our customers.

We are renting this building on a XX year lease. We will have renovations costing $XXX based upon three estimates. The building is zoned R-3, commercial use.

OTHER SAMPLE:

This business will be operated at 123 Any Street. This location is desirable because:

1. The building is structurally compatible for our use.

2. The rent is below market

3. The building has the necessary facilities to operate this business.

4. The location is convenient for our freight companies, suppliers, clients and employees.

5. Possibility of expansion in the area.

We are renting this building on a XX year lease. We will have renovations costing $XXX based upon three estimates. The building is zoned R-3, commercial use.

Manufacturing Plan

SAMPLE:

We will be using a conventional assembly line method of construction of our complex widgets. Our main supplier of component parts will be DEF Manufacturing of Fort Lee, NJ. In the event that they are not able to ship according to our specifications our secondary supplier will be MNO Amalgamated located in Charlotte, NC. These parts will be shipped to us by motor freight.

The actual machinery used in the production line will be manufactured by A&M Machine Tools of Arlington, Texas. They also will be doing maintenance under a service contract. This design of machine and assembly will allows us to produce 24 hours a day as the entire assembly process is fully automated with state-of- the-art robotics of American manufacture.

With robotics our labor costs and therefore our production costs will be the lowest in the industry. To maintain our advantage we have established lines of communication with all of our potential machinery suppliers. Most importantly we have an ongoing relationship with several universities and are actively participating in various studies and experiments relating to production methods. These machines also incorporate quality checking by lasers. All products must come within XX% of specifications. Also, at regular intervals we will be using human inspection of products and machines.

We do not anticipate generating any toxic materials at this time for these products. However, we will be closely monitoring all production to determine if any hazardous materials are being generated. We have contracted with an environmental engineering company to advise us on any possible problems as well as solutions including legal disposal of all hazardous wastes.

We anticipate the following outlays for this capital equipment:

$XXX

A&M Machines Service Contract $XXX

Research & Development

SAMPLE:

We have already spent a considerable amount of time in researching and developing our complex widgets. We have a very simple laboratory equipped with the basic research equipment we need. We have thus far been able to discover lighter materials and several cost cutting manufacturing methods. The largest achievement to date is the discovery of a water based lubricant that does not

disintegrate in rainstorms. We have called this lubricant “H2Ocus-Pocus”.

Presently our research is being supervised by our Technical Director, John Q. Public. He will continue in this capacity. Having been the researcher involved with all our activities to this point, he is well qualified to continue our research efforts.

Our next research project will center around using this new lubricant in our manufacturing processes and testing of a new material that has come to our attention.

To this point, our research has paid for itself as we have been keying on bringing this new product to market. However, now that we are becoming more experimental in our research efforts such a continued success ratio can not be maintained.

We have been investigating several potential government (both state and federal) funding sources. Our present program of joint research with the local university has b=proven very beneficial.

Historical Financial Data

See “Attachments”

[This discussion should include all facts pertaining to your financial statements.]

SAMPLE:

Income Statement

[Discuss both positive and negative aspects of your income statements. This is no time for trying to hide the facts.]

Balance Sheet

[Discuss both positive and negative aspects of your balance sheets. This is no time for trying to hide the facts.]

Asset Worksheet

[Discuss both positive and negative aspects of your assets. This is no time for trying to hide the facts.]

Ratio Analysis

Financial ratios are included for your convenience.

Financial Standards

We have also included financial standards as compiled by Dun & Bradstreet and Robert Morris Associates.

Proforma Financial Data

See “Attachments”

Proforma Cash Flow Analysis

SAMPLE:

Assumptions:

Cash Receipts: Percentages as indicated.

Rent: Building rental at $12/square foot.

Utilities: Water, gas, sewer, trash, electric

Telephone: Local, long distance and cellular

Salaries: Executives.

Payroll: Hourly, non executive

Withholding: Figured at XX %.

Inventory:

Freight-In:

Office Supplies:

Postage:

Advertising:

Professionals:

Commissions: Figured at 10%.

Insurance:

Travel & Entertainment: Trade, magazine, direct mail, etc.

Research: [Explanation]

Miscellaneous:

State Taxes:

Federal Taxes XX% :XX%

Terms to customers: 2/10, n/30 (only to qualified accounts). Terms from suppliers: Suppliers offers 3% cash discount.

Sales Forecast

SAMPLE:

Sales have been forecast at the following growth rates: Product 1:

Product 2: Year 2 XX% XX% Year 3 XX% XX%

Cash Flow Variables:

SAMPLE:

We project that we will be able to generate sufficient capital from operations to meet our initial needs after the infusion of $200,000. However, our projections are in industries that have never been fully addressed and are based upon present real buying conditions and our own experience. Should sales not be up to projections, adjustments will be made in ordering and long term commitments decreased or postponed.

Income Statement

Assumptions:

Returns, discounts: We are offering a range of quantity discounts, plus an early payment discount to those extended credit. Average is estimated to be 5%.

Cost of goods sold:

Expenses: Totaled from Cash Flow Analysis spreadsheets.

Freight: Paid by customers.

Risks & Variables:

SAMPLE:

We have considered seasonal trends and have forecasted accordingly. [I/We] believe the forecasts are conservative.

Proforma Balance Sheet

Cost Control

SAMPLE:

Our books will initially be maintained manually. [My Company] seeks at a future point to use a computerized accounting package to monitor our financial performance. This information will be compiled at the end of each month for preparation of financial statements. Each month these statements will be reviewed against our proformas and appropriate action taken to adjust costs or our budget. If we find that we are continually over budget, our first step will be to reevaluate our markup on products and then to recheck our costs to make certain that we are obtaining the best possible prices.

Ratio Analysis

Financial ratios are included for your convenience.

Financial Standards

We have also included financial standards as compiled by Dun & Bradstreet and Robert Morris Associates.

Breakeven Point

Taken from BPMBREAK.WK1 spreadsheet.

SAMPLE:

The following chart shows our breakeven point:

Revenue Fixed Costs Variable Costs

$3,900.00 $16,100.00 Profit $0 $20,000.00

It is intended that [My Company] will be profitable in the XXX Quarter, 199X.

Effects of Loan or Investment

SAMPLE:

The money invested in [My Company] will be used for the following purposes:

§ Purchase of DEF Machine, Model # 333058 including installation - ($150,000) § Working capital - ($50,000)

§ Leasehold improvements - (est. $15,000)

§ Laboratory equipment - Beakers, test tubes, petrie dishes - ($1,500) § Startup costs - legal fees, filing fees

§ Inventory -raw materials - ($25,000)

§ Delivery trucks (GMC Model 80, $10,995)

§ Computer equipment - 15 Austin 486/33 Winstations - ($40,425)

These outlays will enable us to operate at a level that will allow us to meet our conservative sales goals for the first year. This will also allow us to outright purchase these items rather than finance or lease them.

Attachments:

---------------

如何编写成功的融资商业计划书（指南 ）

如何策划编写优秀的融资商业计划书？

下面是一位btiicn.com公司老资格投资专家提供的建议，一份优秀的商业计划书或可行性报告应该注意精要解答以下问题：

1) 策划编写融资商业计划书过程中，您的眼光——战略方向与战略目标是什么？

* 您的远大目标是什么？——企业使命与愿景是什么？

* 您要解决什么问题？对象是谁？——产品或服务是什么？卖点是什么或核心盈利模式是什么？

* 您将来想要成为什么样的人？成为什么样的公司？——企业发展目标是什么？

2) 策划编写融资商业计划书过程中，您的市场机会是什么？市场有多大？

* 您目标的市场有多大？发展有多快？——市场容量与增长率如何？

* 这个市场状况如何？有多成熟或多不成熟？——市场特征/趋势与发展成熟度如何？ * 您是否有资本/资源/条件在未来N年内成为这个行业市场(份额)的前N位排名？——市场发展目标及自己的发展条件与机会如何？

3) 策划编写融资商业计划书过程中，如何介绍您的产品和/或服务？

* 您的产品和/或服务是什么？——产品和/或服务介绍如何？

* 解决了用户的什么问题？——产品和/或服务的使用价值如何？

* 您的产品和/或服务有什么特别之处？——产品和/或服务的特点及差异性如何？

4) 策划编写融资商业计划书过程中，您的最终用户是谁？——如何介绍您的客户用户群体？ * 谁是现在的用户？——目标群体分析

* 谁是目标的用户？——未来潜在的目标群体是谁？

* 理想的用户是什么样的？——典型的目标群体是谁？

* 谁会付费？——最需要本产品或服务的用户是谁？

* 如有可能，介绍一个具体用户的CASE例子。

5) 策划融资商业计划书过程中，您的企业/团队价值主张是什么？

* 您给用户提供了什么价值？——客户与用户可以获得哪些利益/价值或回报?

* 使用或购买您的产品后，客户与用户的投资回收率是什么？——分析用户的利益/价值或回报

* 您解决了客户与用户的什么问题？——您的产品或服务解决了本行业的那些关键问题？ * 您的产品和/或服务的性质？——是奢侈品？有益的东西？还是必需品...？

6) 策划融资商业计划书过程中，您如何销售（营销策略与销售计划）？

* 销售业务流程或程序是什么？周期有多长？——销售计划与周期如何？

* 您的销售和市场方针或策略是什么？——销售战略与模式如何？

* 您当前或未来计划的销售链是什么？——目前的销售网络如何？

7) 策划融资商业计划书过程中，您如何吸引客户？

* 每个用户平均要花费多少钱？——产品或服务定价如何？

* 在不同时期这个费用是否不同？为什么？——今后市场发展或季节变化对产品或服务定价的影响？

* 用户的永久价值是什么？——今后市场变化不会影响本项目产品或服务价值的方面是什么？

8) 策划融资商业计划书过程中，您的管理团队已经有谁？未来如何组建完善？

* 您的管理团队有谁？——管理团队介绍，现在有的及拟定好的

* 他们有什么经验？——介绍关键人员的经验

* 欠缺那些环节？有什么计划去弥补？——目前管理团队的不足之处及以后的弥补办法是什么？

9) 策划编制融资计划书过程中，您的收入模式是什么?

* 如何赚钱？——主要收入项是什么？

* 您的收入模式？——主要收入是什么？

* 需要怎样才能盈利？——实现收入盈利的关键？

10) 策划编制融资计划书过程中，您的项目现在进展到哪一步？

* 您的项目现在进展到哪一步了？包括——技术/产品？团队？财务状况/营业收入？ * 您项目目前的进展情况如何？问题如何？前景如何？

* 您将来的计划是什么？打算如何改变现在问题？

11) 策划编制融资计划书过程中，您的融资计划是什么？

* 目前已经得到了什么（入股）投资或贷款？——已经投入的资金额度与来源是多少？ * 未来希望得到多少投资？比例如何？——还需要筹措投入的资金额度与比例是多少？ * 资金打算用在什么地方？——资金使用计划如何？

* 假如需求资金代为后可以支持多久？届时公司是否能够发展到一个重要的Milestone里程碑？——投入以上资金后的项目发展目标是什么？

* 除以上资金需求外，您还打算吸引多少资金？什么时候？——后续再投资资金需求多少与需求时间如何？

12) 编制融资商业计划书过程中，您的竞争对手是谁？

* 谁是您当前和未来潜在的竞争对手？——目前主要的竞争对手有哪些？

* 谁有可能和您项目竞争，谁有可能和您项目合作？——区分竞争对手与合作对象 * 您的优势和弱点如何？——请提供竞争比较分析或SWOT分析

* 您有什么特殊特别之处？——请提供自己的竞争优势点分析

13) 编制融资计划书过程中，您有什么合作伙伴？

* 谁是您当前/未来的（销售或技术或管理）合作伙伴？——市场与技术方面的战略合作伙伴如何？

* 这些合作伙伴的可靠程度如何？——与这些当前/未来合作伙伴的利益关系或紧密度如何？

14) 编制融资计划书过程中，请解释适合哪些方向的投资商？

* 您的项目和哪些投资者的方向/经验吻合？——适合哪些行业方向的投资商？

* 您的项目与投资者现有的投资组合有什么互补或竞争？——从产业链或行业关联度分析，为什么适合适合这类投资商？

15) 策划编制融资商业计划书过程中的其它重要问题：

* 您的项目成功的前提条件是什么？这些成功前提条件已经具备多少或还只是假设？——成功的前提条件是否具备？

* 有什么不确定因素有可能一夜之间改变您的生意？（新科技，新市场成员，规则法规的变化？）——风险因素分析？

* 您公司或项目的薄弱环节是什么？ ——目前的薄弱环节？以后如何弥补？

一个项目能否吸引投资者的注意与加盟， 首先要注意以下四个重点条件：

? 项目的市场容量、发展潜力和较强的盈利能力；

? 项目在技术/管理/和营销等方面的独特性与保证如何;

? 是否有务实和可操作的项目实施计划；

? 管理层是否具备成功实施项目的能力（执行力）。

在您开始预备撰写融资计划书之前，我们建议您先弄清晰以下几件事：

1.项目的基本性质：研发性质；出产性质；分销性质；服务性质；公共基础举措措施等。每种范畴都有其独特的金融动力机制，商业计划与融资要求也不一样。

2.项目发展所处阶段：种子阶段；启动阶段；前期发展阶段；后期成长（上市预备）阶段；合并与重组阶段。很多国际投资商把项目发展化分成7个阶段，各阶段项目的融资要求与评估过程均不一样。

3.了解国际投资商有关项目评比的基本过程，对您的商业计划、融资过程以及将来的合作都会有很大匡助。建议选择有经验的专业公司帮您确定适合您项目融资要求与前提的国际投资商，然后对商业计划进行有的放矢的包装。

4.了解国际投资商对不同行业项目融资资料的规范化要求（包括融资计划书的格局、编排、单位、打印、重点陈述内容、行业侧重点、资料提交程序等）。