Although Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee were fierce adversaries 对手during the Civil War, their lives, both military and nonmilitary, has a great deal in common. Grant descended from a family whose members participated in the American Revolution. He received his commission of second lieutenant 少尉from West Point and served in the

Spanish-American War. He was later

summoned by President Lincoln to assume command of the Union Forces 联盟部队during the Civil War. After the Civil War, Grant suffered financial problems and was forced to declare bankruptcy. Lee also

descended from a family which engaged in the American Revolution. He, too, received his commission from West Point and later fought in Mexico during the Spanish-American War. His fame as a military strategist during the Civil War, when he was the commander of the Confederate armies,同盟军 is well known. Like Grant, he also had financial difficulties

after the civil War and was compelled to declare bankruptcy. (整体比较)

1比较和对比 （ comparison and contrast ） 比较型作文

比较型作文一般分为说明式比较和议论式比较两种。说明式比较在比较过程中，作者不发表个人意见，在文中不体现个人取向，单纯以说明介绍为目的。

在四、六级考试中的比较型作文多以议论式比较的形式出现。议论式比较以比较事物优劣、阐明自己立场为目的，一般分为倾向型和中立型两种类型。

一、倾向型比较论说文

1. 首段

引言句（第一句）：引出比较的对象

主题句（第二句）：提出主题，明确表明作者的个人取向与偏好。

Topic 1: 有人认为大学住宿应该独处一室

2.有人认为应该与同学合住 3.我的观点 It is often difficult for _students_ to decide whether they should live alone or they should live with other students . In my opinion, to live with others is always better.

Topic 2: 幸福的秘诀是找一个最完美的人，还是找一个最适合你的人，和他或她建立一个最和谐亲密关系？

The key to happiness is to find a perfect person or to find someone who is perfect for you and build a perfect relationship with him or her? In my opinion, to find someone who is perfect for you is always better.

Topic 3: 有人喜欢乡村生活 2.有人喜欢都市生活 3.我的观点

Those who prefer city life have their own reasons,while some other people prefer

country life. As for me ,both city life and country life have merits and demerits.

Topic 4: 1．名校校园正成为旅游新热点

2．校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同

3．我认为……

People’s attitudes toward whether famous universities should be open to turists or not vary from person to person. In my opinion, it is a good idea for universities to attract tourists.

2、主体部分

对比点的笔墨分配：应有所侧重，对于作者持否定态度的事物的优势要少写，而肯定的事物的优点则要多用笔墨，对于其缺点则可轻描淡写、一笔带过。

Topic 1: ( 学生住宿)

Some students don't like B . First, they think ______ because ______. Second, _______. Third,_________.

The incomparable advantage of A is that ___________. First,___________. Second,________ .Third,________.

3、结尾段 = 呼应主题句 强调被肯定事物的积极作用等

用一句话归纳并突出被肯定事物的重大优点，进一步确定自己的选择，与主题句相互照应。

二、中立型比较论说文

首段和主体部分与倾向型比较论说文相同 Topic 1. 1.有人认为类似于因特网的高科技产品会代替书籍

2.有人认为传统的信息产品书籍不会被取代

3.我的看法。

倾向型

1. 有人认为大学住宿应该独处一室 2.有人认为应该与同学合住 3.我的观点

It is often difficult for ______ to decide whether A or B . In my opinion,

A is always better.

Some students don't like B . First, they think ______ because ______. Second, _______. Third,_________.

The incomparable advantage of A is that ___________. First,___________. Second,________ .Third,________.

I regard A as a precious opportunity for it is the best way of ___________. And I confidently believe that _______. 中立型

1.有人喜欢乡村生活 2.有人喜欢都市生活

3.我的观点

Those who prefer A have their own

reasons,while some other people prefer

B . As for me ,both A and B have merits and demerits.

First and foremost,__________. Moreover, ____________. Last but not least, _______.

On the contrary _________. In

addition,___________. What’s the commonest,________

Either ___________ or a _______gives _________ .I believe__________ 引出不同观点的句型：

1、 People’s views on… vary from person to person. Some hold that… . However, others believe that…. 人们对…的观点因人而异.有些人认为….. 然而其他人却认为．．．

2、 People may have different opinions on… 人们对…可能会有不同的见解.

3、Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person. 人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异.

4、There are different opinions among people as to… 关于…. 人们的观点大不相同.

5、Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure). 对(失败)人们的态度各不相同.

关于结尾的句型：

1、Taking all these factors into

consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…

把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论…

2、Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that…

考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论…

3、Hence/Therefore, we’d better come to the conclusion that…

因此,我们最好得出这样的结论…

4、There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits. 毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点.

5、All in all, we cannot live without… But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.

总之,我们没有…是无法生活的.但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题.

比较型连接词：like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally.

比较型常用句型：

1．The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.

2．The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.

3．A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...

4．It is reasonable to maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim that.

5．A and B has several points in common.

6．A bears some resemblances to B.

7．However, the same is not applicable to B.

8. A and B differ in several ways.

9. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.

10. People used to think ..., but things are different now.

11. It is true that A ... , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are ...

训练:

1.有人认为类似于因特网的高科技产品会代替书籍

2.有人认为传统的信息产品书籍不会被取代

3.我的看法。

首段：引出关于因特网对现代社会的影响 关于因特网和书籍话题存在的争论

主体段落一：有人偏爱阅读传统信息媒体，如书籍 原因 1 ：人类文明的历史就是书写的历史

原因 2 ：人们可以随处用自己喜欢的姿势阅读 原因 3 ：书写形式更有利于安全保存信息

主体段落二：如因特网之类的现代技术手段的优点 优点 1 ：新科技的出现历来都回给人类生活带来许多好处

优点 2 ：电脑新科技的出现，使信息储备量大大提高 优点 3 ：电脑新科技的出现，使信息处理的效率提高了

结尾段 : ：因特网最终会代替书籍等信息手段

Nowadays,the influence of Internet proves to be profound. And there has been a very controversial debate as to whether or not Internet will replace the book as the main source of information. People in favor of the traditional information sources always provide the following evidence . Firstly, the history of human civilization is the written history. Secondly, people are free to choose any posture and place that makes them comfortable when reading. Finally, traditional information soureces like books are relatively stable and reliable to preserve the human information well.

Conversely,as for the merits of modern

technologies, in the first place, in history , we can see that every new technology brings about

great changes to our life. Secondly , modern technology like computers is another great

invention that can store a huge amount of data . At the same time , We are able to process the data more rapidly and accurately than we can ever imagine.

In short, I agree that modern technology,such as the Internet, will come day replace the written word as the main source of information.

Therefore,I am eagerly looking forward to that day.

1．名校校园正成为旅游新热点

2．校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同

3．我认为……

Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? 熟记的句型：

一．Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.

海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。

Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.

张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。

二、Nothing is more important than to receive education.

没有比接受教育更重要的事。

三、We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too

much.

我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

四、There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone

from bad to worse.

不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

五、It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.

全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

六、There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.

毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。

七、An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won‘t create

(produce) any pollution.

使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。

八、The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide

us with fresh air.

我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

九、So 形容词 be 主词 that 句子 （如此...以致于...）

例句：So precious is time that we can‘t afford to waste it.

时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。

十、Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no

means satisfactory.

{by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}

虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。

十一、The more books we read, the more learned we become.

我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。

十二、By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.

借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。

十三、Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.

听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。

十四、On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.

我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。

十五、It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems. 该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

十六. "in that…"结构，可译为"因为”

The budget is unrealistic in that it disregards increased costs.

十七. "have only to …do"结构，此结构表示"只须(消)……就能……"的意思。

We have only to turn to that extraordinary

discovery made by Edison to see the significance of it.

十八. Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information I‘ve collected over the recent years leads me to

believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society. 尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展，用自行车的人数会减少，自行车可能会消亡， 然而，这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。

二十. Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.

环境学家指出：持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题，而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。

二十一. In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like

bicycle are more important than any time before. 考虑到这些严重的状况，我们比以往任何时候更需要像自行车这样的环保型交通工具。

二十二. Using bicycle contributes greatly to people‘s physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.

使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康，并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。

二十三. Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.

尽管自行车有许多明显的优点，但是它也存在它的问题。

二十四. Bicycle can‘t be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.

在速度和舒适度方面，自行车是无法和汽车、火车这样的交通工具相比的。

二十五. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：自行车的优点远大于缺点，并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。 二十六. There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.

当前在高校和研究机构对教育存在着大量争论，其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。 二十七. This issue has caused wide public concern.

这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。

二十九. A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a person‘s education is a most important aspect of his life.

许多人存在这样的误解，认为离开学校就意味着结束了他们的教育。显然，他们忽视了教育是人生重要部分这一基本事实。

三十. As for me, I‘m in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation。 就我而言，我同意教育不应该随着毕业而结束的观点。 三十一. It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.

人们普遍认为高校是不可能在毕业的时候教会他们的学生所有知识的。

三十二. Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.

即使最优秀的毕业生，要想成为一个博学的人也要不断地学习。

三十三. It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary

progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.

人们普遍认为我们的现代科技使我们的社会发生了巨大的变化，近几十年人类在科技方面取得了惊人的进步。

三十四. Now people in growing numbers are

beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion

opportunities.

现在越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助他们获得工作就会或提升的机会。

三十五. An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.

一项调查显示许多老人都有到大学继续学习的愿望。 三十六. For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their

lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.

对大多数人来讲，退休以后，阅读或学习一项新技术已成为他们生活的中心和快乐的来源。

三十七. For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn. 对于那些想过上健康而有意义的生活的人们来说，找时间学习一些新知识是很重要的，正如那句老话：活到老，学到老。

关于克隆的参考短文

Cloning

Today’s technology develops so quickly that many impossible things become true; the cloning

technology is the example. What is cloning? Cloning is a process used to create an exact copy of a

mammal by using the complete genetic material of a regular body cell.

When the cloning technology improves so quickly, many scientists and doctors have different opinions, someone think it is good but someone think it is bad. Cloning can bring many benefits to the human, such as rejuvenation, helpful for Defective genes, Liver failure, Kidney failure and Leukemia，so we can save lots of people.

In my own opinion I agree to clone the endangered animal and disagree with cloning human. Because I think the cloning technology should be respected. It really can bring us many benefits; further more it can develop the science of human. If clone the human, there will, however, be many problems, the

population is the biggest problem. May be some people will use the cloning people to start the war. So I am against cloning human.

Also many countries disagree to clone people. The government makes the laws about cloning. There are laws against human cloning in Canada,

Denmark, England, Norway, Spain, and the UK. Even in the USA, the government doesn’t allow to clone human. (Because in USA, the human right is higher than everything)

In the end, I think cloning is new technology, it

should be accepted, how to look upon this technique, first we should know the advantages and

disadvantages, then we should know the effect of cloning for human and the animal, third we will take the action: To advocate the animal cloning but be against with the human cloning.

英语写作的几种方法：

(1)时间顺序 按时间顺序写作就是按照事物发展在时间上的正常顺序或先后顺序展开段落。在讲述故事或回忆事件时，先发生的先写，后发生的后写。请看下面的例子：

My heart gave a leap when I heard the

announcement that our train would soon arrive at its

destination-Beijing. Like other passengers, I began to collect my things and put my mug, towel, atlas, apples, and other things into my bag. To the tune of a beautiful song the train pulled into the station and gently stopped by a platform. I walked out of the train and was carried forward by the stream of people into an underground passage and then into a big hall. As I stepped out of the station, I was dazzled by the bright autumn skies of Beijing. Though I had been on the train for more the thirty hours and spent an sleepless night, I didn't feel tired at all, and I believed my days in this glorious city would be as sunny as the skies.

(2)空间顺序 按空间顺序组织材料通常用于描述一个地方、事情或人物外貌等。其文章内容应按照由近及远、由远及近、自下而上、自上而下、按顺时针方向或逆时针方向排列，例如：

In the middle of the rectangular-shaped courtyard stood three magnolia trees(), all in full bloom. A little girl was hoping among them, now gazing at a bud, now collecting fallen petals. Under one of the trees stood her parents, who, while keeping an eye on her, were

examining the snow white blossoms with great interest and admiration. In front of another tree a young couple, fresh and bright as the flowers, were posing for a picture. At the end of the courtyard a group of youngsters had gathered behind an artist painting a flourishing limb, which looked so charming and real that a boy stooped to sniff at a half-open flower. At the opposite end a few elderly men and women stood admiring the leafless flowering trees and the people looking at them.

(3)列举法 通过列举一系列的论据 对主题句中的论点进行广泛、全面的陈述或解释，列举的顺序可按照所列各点的内容的相对重要性、时间、空间来排列，例如：

The Other Side of City Life

In the eyes of many people, city life is attractive with all its advantages and convenience, yet they don't see the other side of the picture. First, with the expansion of the city, housing has become a serious problem for city people. Then, there is the problem of pollution: harmful gases from vehicles and poisonous water from factories pollute our surroundings; noise continually

disturbs your peace and rest and drives you mad. Thirdly, modern city life puts a high pressure upon people; you have to hurry to and from work; you have to dodge in so as to avoid bumping into the flood of people, bicycles, cars, buses…; all day long you are under great stress. Fourthly, big cities also cause some social problems. Of which high crime rate is the most serious one. People are justifiably in fear of becoming victims of burglary, robbery, murder and other crimes at any time. They should find some ways to cope with all these problems.

(4)举例法 在主题句中简要、概括地说明一个段落的主题思想之后，可以用具体的、生动的事例来支撑论证主题，向目标读者展示并使他们具体感受主题句中尚未展开的内容和细节，例如：

This term several useful and interesting courses have been offered. An Introduction to European Culture, for instance, gives us a lot of background knowledge of the history of European philosophy, literature, and arts. From time to time we see slide shows of famous

paintings and hear tapes of famous pieces of music, and they make the lectures all the more interesting. American

Society and Culture is another course that attracts a large audience. The teacher, who visited the United States not long ago, discusses new trends and changes in American life as well as American history and traditions. We like these and other courses very much, because they help us not only to improve our English but also to broaden our vision.

(5)比较和对比 比较(comparison)主要是指出两个或两个以上不同种类的事物的共同点或相似之处，如人物、地点、事物、思想、观点等。对照(contrast)主要是指出它们的不同点。相同的或类似的特征可以组成比较，不同的特征则可以组成对照。不仅如此，比较和对比常常同时使用，这是因为比较中往往隐含着对比。

比较和对比常有两种形式，即整体比较和对比(block comparison and contrast)与逐项比较(alternating comparison)，例如：

Although Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee were fierce adversaries during the Civil War, their lives, both military and nonmilitary, has a great deal in common. Grant descended from a family whose members

participated in the American Revolution. He received his commission of second lieutenant from West Point and served in the Spanish-American War. He was later

summoned by President Lincoln to assume command of the Union Forces during the Civil War. After the Civil War, Grant suffered financial problems and was forced to declare bankruptcy. Lee also descended from a family which engaged in the American Revolution. He, too, received his commission from West Point and later

fought in Mexico during the Spanish-American War. His fame as a military strategist during the Civil War, when he was the commander of the Confederate armies, is well known. Although it is not always pointed out by

historians he, like Grant, had financial difficulties after the civil War and was compelled to declare bankruptcy. By securing a post as president of Washington College, he was able to avoid additional poverty.(整体比较) The same qualities that make people good

houseguests make them good hospital patients. Good houseguests can expect a reasonable amount of service and effort on their behalf, and hospital patients can also. Guests have to adjust to what is for them a change, and

certainly hospital patients must do the same. No one appreciates a complaining, unpleasant, unappreciative house guest, and the hospital staff is no exception. Hose guests who expect vast changes to be made for their benefit are not popular for long. Certainly nurses and other personnel with their routines feel the same way about patients in their care. Just as house guests must make adjustments to enjoy their visits, so patients must make adjustments to make their

stays reasonably pleasant and satisfying under the circumstances.(逐项比较)

(6)原因和结果 因果分析是常用的拓展段落的方法之一，一定要注意推理的逻辑性因果关系必须表达清楚，不能因果混淆，更不能因果倒置，要避免牵强附会和循环论证。一个原因可能造成一个或多个结果，也可能在一大段文章中涉及到一连串因果关系。一个结果也可能由多种原因所引起，通常先写结果，后写多种原因；但也可先写原因后写结果。另外，如果强调原因或结果，可用倒装或强调句型加以突出。例如：

1. (effect)The surge of demand for oil (great

demand )will soon begin to send shock waves through

the American economy and transportation system. The impact of these tremors （震荡）can already be

anticipated: to the consumer they signal the end of a long love affair with the car, and to Detroit they offer an early warning that its 1985 growth aims are dangerously unrealistic. Unless we exercise foresight and devise growth-limits policies for the auto industry, events will thrust us into a crisis that will lead to a substantial

erosion （大量的亏空）of domestic oil supply as well as the independence it provides us with, and a level of

petroleum imports that could cost as much as $20 to $30 billion （300亿）per year. Moreover, we would still be depleting our remaining oil reserves （消耗掉石油储备）at an unacceptable rate, and scrambling for （争夺）petroleum substitutes, with enormous potential damage to the environment. ( cause)

2. Teaching is the most difficult of the various ways I have attempted to earn my living. For me, teaching is a red-eye, sweaty-palm, sinking-stomach profession. Red-eye, because I never feel ready to teach no matter how late I stay up preparing. Sweaty-palm, because I’m always nervous before I enter the classroom, sure that I

will be found out for the fool that I am. Sinking-stomach, because I leave the classroom an hour later convinced that I was even more boring than usual.

3. At the beginning of the seventeenth century, large numbers of Englishmen began to go to America. Why had they left the old world for the new? In those days, the laws of England were very cruel. Often a judge gave a prisoner a choice: pay the penalty or go to America. Everybody knew that life was hard and cruel in the wilds of America. But most prisoners chose to go to America. Men left Europe for America for other reasons, too. Many wanted to make more money. Some went to look for gold. Some wanted to make Christians of the Indians. Others went to buy and sell with the Indians or to find adventure. From the beginning, America was a mixture of races, languages, and religious and political beliefs.

4. The most obvious cause of obesity is overeating. But why do people overeat?

One reason is emotional problem. Take Tom as example. When Tom was a child, his parents rewarded him for his good behavior with candy and other sweet things. As he grew older, he rewarded himself quite regularly. As a result, she began to gain weight. By the time he was a teenager, Tom became rather heavy. He became a target at school, and was teased so much so that he felt so sorry for his weight. He began to

console himself by eating more and more. Lastly, he could not perceive himself as anything but fat. …

(7)定义法 有时候为了避免混淆或误解，我们必须对一个词、一条术语或谚语、一个概念通过下定义加以说明、解释。通常有三种方法下定定义：给出同义词、用一个带有定语从句的复合句或用一整段文章，而以第三种方法最为常用。19xx年1月份四级考试的作文Practice Makes Perfect就是一篇极为典型的定义型文章。再看下面的例子：

A "liberated woman" is simply a woman who controls her own life, rather than allowing it to be controlled by other people, traditions, or expectations. A "liberated woman" can be found pursuing any line of work, including housework, or no work at all. She may or may not be married; she may or may not have born children. She may belong to any race; she may have attained any age. She need have only one trait in common with her "liberated sisters": she makes her own choices, whether they be the colors on her walls or the advanced degrees she seeks. She acts of her own volition, responsible to herself, and not out of fear of what her mother, lover, or neighbor might say.

(8)分类法 所谓"分类"就是根据人物和事物的特征将他们/它们分别归入各自不同的范畴。在写这一类段落时，一定要抓住各个类别的典型特征，不要异类相串，混淆起来。例如：

According to Xiao Li, the fifteen students of his class fall into three groups. Seven of them work hard and study well. They always get good marks in

examinations and are often praised by the teachers. Li calls them "good students". The monitor, the secretary of the Youth League branch, and the captain of the class

volleyball team, are quick in finding out what their fellow students are interested in or what they should do as a collective. They always organize proper activities at the proper time, so Li calls them "good organizers". Four other students are very kind to their classmates, always ready to lend them a helping hand. They help to clean the classroom and the corridor even when they are not on duty. Li says that they are

"good fellows". "What about yourself?" someone asks him. "I'm a group by myself-a good observer."

范文：

1. Is the Expansion of Enrollment a Good Thing?

Many colleges and universities have expanded their enrollment since 1998. The reasons for the expansion are as follows. Firstly, they want to keep up with the need of the job market to produce more qualified people to take up the jobs. Secondly, the expansion has entitled many high school graduates to the right of receiving higher education. Last but not least, it can raise the intellectual standards of our nation.

However, studies show that the trend to expand has brought about many

problems. For instance, the teaching facilities and accommodation capacities of many colleges and universities are limited and are unable to meet the demand of an

ever-increasing number of the newly enrolled students. On the other hand, the average quality of the freshmen is declining. In the long run, hunting for a job will be a tough thing for the graduates and that will inevitably exert much pressure on the prospects of employment.

In spite of all this, I am still confident that the expansion of enrollment is of great benefit to our society and is a good thing. With the development of our national

economy, the problem as mentioned above will be solved if proper measures are taken.

2. Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus

1.大学生了解社会的必要性

2.了解社会的途径(大众媒介，社会服务等)

3.我打算怎么做

With the development of our society, the campus no longer is an "Ivory Tower". It is necessary for college students to go outside to get to know the world. They should acquire knowledge not only from books but also from the society. Thus they can adapt to society more quickly after they graduate from school.

Most students can keep themselves informed by watching TV, listening to the radio, reading newspapers and using computers. It's also good to take a part-time job, such as tutoring, or working in a restaurant. Any of these methods will enable students to get in touch with society.

Summer vacation will soon be here. I've already enrolled to be a volunteer to help others. I think I can do well. Although I won't be paid, the most important thing is that I can learn a lot about society.

What’s your opinion about attending schools abroad?

3. Attending schools abroad has many advantages. In the first place, by looking at our own country from outside, we can best see the strong points and weak points of our nation and therefore widen our vision and broaden our minds. Second, while studying in a foreign country, we can travel widely, visiting famous scenic spots and making friends with the local people. Thirdly, we can use the foreign language in our daily life so that our ability in the second language may be improved quickly. But the most important thing in attending a foreign university is to get acquainted with the

latest knowledge in science and technology and make use of the first-rate facilities available. For all these advantages, it is really worthwhile to go abroad for education.

However, as everything has two sides, there are also some disadvantages in attending a foreign university. The most serious problem is the language barrier. Most of the students who are ready to go abroad do not adequate knowledge of the language spoken there. As a result, on arriving there, they will find it difficult to understand what the instructors are saying. Besides, for lack of knowledge of the customs and way of life of the local people, they may run into trouble in dealing with various situations. Therefore, misunderstandings often arise. Furthermore, the cost of living is much higher than that in our country, so most students have to find part-tine jobs in order to help support themselves. Faced with these difficulties, many students find themselves unable to pay full attention to their studies and some students may even fail in their courses and learn little.

Therefore, given an opportunity to attend a school abroad, one must

consider both sides of the factors carefully before making up his mind. On the whole, it is a good thing to go and study abroad particularly when the subject is very weak or not available in our country. But on the other hand, one must not lose sight of the disadvantages.

4. The Role of Migrant Workers

As is known to all, migrant workers have made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities. They are an indispensable part of our workforce. Most of them work on construction sites. There is no doubt that without migrant workers many of the construction projects would have to be held up for lack of manpower. In addition, a large number of migrant workers is a factor which stimulates the consumption of food and daily items. This helps to develop food industry and service trades in cities. All these are positive aspects of migrant workers in cities.

However, as a popular saying goes, "Everything was two sides". The same is the case with migrant workers. First, they have trouble getting their children into child care centers and schools because they are unregistered residents in the city. As you know, illiterate people, who are usually ignorant of laws, tend to make trouble

concerning law and order. Second, most of the migrant workers swarm into big cities just to make money. Being ignorant and incompetent, some of them would stop at nothing to get what they want. Therefore, they are a potential threat to the peace and stability of the society.

In my opinion, in the appraisal of migrant workers, it is one-sided to affirm

everything or to negate everything. We should appreciate the great contribution made by them, and at the same time pay enough attention to the problems caused by them. (240 words)

5. Woman in Modern Society

1) Role of women in modern society

2) Prejudices and discrimination against women

3) My comments

Women play an important part in modern society. Now many women are going into professions, such as medicine, law and engineering. They comprise a large part of the workers in businesses and factories. In addition, they are working up to important positions which used to be held mainly by men. There are even some businesses which are run completely be women. Clearly, women are making outstanding contributions to the progress of modern society.

There are, However, still some people who assert that men are superior to women in many ways. First, many jobs men do can hardly be done by women, who are physically not strong enough. Second, most of the world-famous scientists and statesmen are found to be males. Finally, the whole society seems to have always been dominated by men only. In their opinion, men should enjoy more rights than women do.

Personally, I'm firmly standing on the side of those woman right defenders. Since both men and women are equally important in human activities, they should be on an equal footing. (173 words)