戴云托福语法笔记

戴云托福语法

总体原则

1. 不要认为题目出错了

2. 不要想方设法读懂题目

3. 粗心是 TOEFL 语法满分的最大敌人

4. 不要在未划线的部分找答案

5. 不要浪费时间考虑如何改正错误

6. 弄懂句子的基本结构永远是最重要的

7. 不要再难题上浪费太多工夫

8. 绝不放过任何一个动词、连词、关系代词、关系副词

9. 平行结构和同位语的判断至关重要

10. 要遵循基本语法规则

基本语法规则

词法

及物动词的用法

及物动词永远需要宾语

? 及物动词后面如果没有宾语,一定用过去分词形式

? 如果及物动词的过去分词作谓语,前面一定有 be 动词 ?

举例:“Vt-ed”单独出现永远不是谓语,“Vt-ed + O”或“be + Vt-ed”才可以是谓语。

形容词的用法

形容词修饰名词,放在名词前

? 形容词短语修饰名词,通常放在名词后

? 形容词经常用作表语,而副词不能作表语 ?

副词的用法

副词一般不修饰名词,但表示频率、强调、推测的副词可以放在名词的限定词前,修饰名词或句子。这些副词如:particularly, especially, originally, essentially, usually, commonly, generally, normally, probably, notably, ...

? 副词可修饰形容词。这时,副词、数词、介词、分词从句放在他们的前面。

这样的副词如:approximately, nearly, around, about, ... ? 代词的用法

?

?

?

?

?

?

? 代词具有单复数、阴阳性、格的分别 任何关系代词在从句中充当主要成分 作主语的关系代词永远不能省略 作宾语的关系代词通常可以省略 关系代词 whose 和复合关系代词(如 what),永远不能省略 that, whose 可以指代人、物;which 只能指物;who, whom 只能指人 关系代词、关系副词引导主语从句

介词的用法

介词永远需要宾语

? 介词词组在 TOEFL 语法中不作主语(在口语中可能会出现这种情况,

如“From 1.4m to 1.6m is suitable.”)

? 介词后不可用陈述句、不定式或关系代词 who、关系代词 that 作宾语 ? 介词 of 的用法:

o n1 + of + n2 (of 前后中心词多为名词)

o 例外:

? be + of + n. = be + adj.

? (be +) adj. + of + n. (这里的形容词主要有 capable,

short, bare, typical, characteristic, indicative)

o 在改错题中,“them of”和“it of”是常见的错误形式,其正确的形

式应为“those of”和“that of”(类似地,“it/them + 过去分词”应该改为“that/those + 过去分词”) ?

名词的用法

冠词的用法

标点符号的用法

逗号的用法

?

?

?

?

?

? 逗号不能隔断主语和谓语、谓语和宾语、谓语和表语。 逗号不能连接两个并列的名词或动词(不包括三者或三者以上并列时,倒数第二者以前并列的情形) 逗号可以连接两个并列的形容词 逗号是非限定性定语从句的唯一标志 逗号不一定用于主句和从句之间 逗号不一定用于同位语和中心词之间

黄金规则

黄金规则(一)

一个分句中,有且仅有一个谓语;而且

? 一个句子中的谓语数目比连接词数目多一个。 ?

注:在这里,连接词包括连词、关系代词、关系副词以及复合关系代词等词语。

黄金规则(二)

? 在时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句中,若从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句的谓语中含有 be 动词,则从句的主语和谓语中的 be 动词可以同时省略。

引导上述状语从句的词有:when, while, until, once, as, if, as though, though, although, even though, even if, as if。

? 补丁一:before, after 不适用本规则。(after和before加过于分词永远错)

? 补丁二:疑问词(what/how/where/when/why/whether/…)+to do

=n. ,不是黄二的省略 be to do = will do 也不适用黄二

 

第二篇:托福语法笔记之改错篇

托福语法笔记之改错篇

语法改错的大框架,希望对大家有所帮助。

托福语法笔记之改错--词性混用

一、作表语:形容词和副词的混用

1. be + adv. -> be + adj.

eg: be rarly -> be rare

2. be + noun. + prep -> be + adj. +prep

eg: be value for -> be valuable for

be fame for -> be famous for

3. be origin based on 错 表语唯一

be forcibily 错

be completely enclosed 对

be originally a poem 对

be typicaly concerned with 对

be generally with 对

托福语法笔记之改错--平行结构

主要特点:由平行连接词连接两个或两个以上的对象构成

一、平衡连接词

1. 单一式:and, or, but

2. 短语式:as well as, rather than, other than, instead of

3. 相关式:both...and, not only ...but also

from..to, either...or

between...and, from...until

the same as, such as, as ...as

neither... nor, not...but, neither...or

二、平行的形式

X and Y

X, Y and Z(不常考)

X, Y, and Z (常考)

三、平行的性质

1. 单复数的平行(不是绝对要平行)

比如:cells, organs, adn tissues

a heart, veius, and arteries

2. 词性的平行

绝对,但是无adj的名词例外

local, state, and national government 对

city and regional planning 对

seasonally, or yearly 错

~~~~~~~~~~adv. ~~~~~~adj.

3. 时态的平行

可以不平行,但是必须有相应的不同时间

4. 结构形式的平行

doing, to do, adj+n, 动+宾 结构要平行

5. 语态的平行

Dallas, Texas, has become a national hub of bank,

~~~~banking

fashion, manufacturing and transportation.

6. 排列位置的平行

主 not only 谓 but also 谓 对

Not only 主谓(倒装),but also 谓 错

四、not only...but also的省略

1. ...not only...but (also)...

2. Not only 主谓(倒)but 主谓

3. Not only 主谓(倒),(;)主+also+谓

4. Not only... but...as well

二、作宾语时,名词和动名词的混用

*原则:

from their kinding 错

food supplying错

区别:名词作宾语,后面不可接名词

动名词作宾语,后面可接名词

动名词前可加the:the making of any work of art 动名词前加the 后变化为一个纯粹的名词,不可再加名词了

三、状语从句引导词与近义介词/adv.的混用

1. when, while/during, in

* when, while+ noun. 永远错

during + 句子 永远错

2. although/despite

despite + 句子 永远错

despite the fact that 对

3. even though/even

前者为连词,后者为副词

even + 句子 永远错

四、平衡连接词与近义副词的混用

1. and/also

前连后副

V also V 对

noun. also noun. 错

2. or / else

前连后副

by scant else by color 错

3. but/instead

前连后副

五、表示人的名词与表示物的同根名词的混用

architect -> architectural

inventor -> inventation

sculptor -> sculpture

poet -> poem, poetry

novelist -> novel

educator -> education

settler -> settlement

composer -> composition

engineer -> engineering

六、作定语,名词和形容词的混用

原则:表示同一概念的形容词比名词优先

eg: certain 比certainty优先

当意义不同时,就无所谓优先

如: color monitor 彩显

colorful monitor 外观彩色的显示器

colorful effect 多彩的效果

color effect 彩色效果

例外:

1. 没有表示同一概念的形容词时,只能用名词修饰

the city or regional planning

Beijing city commercial bank

the state government

2. noun. + noun. 为特定含义时,不改为adj.

safty glass 防弹玻璃

exhibition flights 飞行表演

color monitor 彩显

3. noun.修饰noun.,表示后一个名词的本质属性,品质,种类时,不改adj. ***noun. + noun. 最后选

beauty salon 对

intelligence test 对

*noun.+noun.在一起 a. 最后选

b. 有无同概念形容词

c. 看句意

七、作修饰语,形容词和副词的混用

1. 副词永远不能修饰名词

up arms -> upper arms

注意陷阱:adv. + 同位语

* special 永远改 especially

The common cold, (which is) normally a minor illness, can threaten

the health of patient.

2. adj. + adj. + noun.

依次修饰关系

an old red car

a frequent pretty girl(??)

3. adv. + 数 + noun. ; 数 + adj. + noun. 对

数 + adv. + noun. ; adj. + 数 + noun. 错

adv. + 数 + adj. + noun. 对

托福语法笔记之改错--从句

名词性从句 主,宾

表,同位语

修饰性从句

定语从句

状语从句

从句=从句引导词+句子

从句引导词:标明从句的位置

连接代词+不完整句

连接副词+完整句(不作成分)

who + noun. 错

...noun.+which+SVO 错

which+noun. 错(但which group)--->在托考中不用

prep+which+Vt+O 错

noun.+what 错 prep what +SVO 错

when + V 错

where + V 错

定语从句:连接代词,在从句中作为成分,+不完整句

主,宾,同位,从句

连接adv,不作成分,+完整句

that的省略用法

that:1,定从 that+be 可省

2,定从 在从句中作宾语可省

3,宾从 某些Vt后可省略 that

*当先行词中有:adj最高级,序数词,only,不定代词时,只能用that wether to do

句子( 主,宾,表,同位语)

句子,wether +句子 错 (不可以引导状语从句) 句子,whether+句子+or not 对

托福语法笔记之改错--词序颠倒

一、单个的分词修饰名词时,可前置也可后置,通常后置 the region studied

the studied region

二、一个或两个介词的短语修饰名词时,通常后置

三、常考的最长的词序

the + 最高级+adv+(分词+adj)+noun.+noun.

~~~~~~~~~这两个前后不确定

the oldest continuously occupied permnant settlement

四、动词短语为完成时或被动式,修饰动词短语的adv夹在中间 have already done

be well done

have not yet rach

be made originally from

be come chiefly from

如果动词短语中有个介词,副词应当放在介词前

五、以分词为中心的合成形容词,应将分词置于词尾 eating plant animals应改为 plant-eating animals 同样的还有:warm-blooded animals

bridge-built material

cup-shaped sculpture

*选项中的合成形容词便是答案

六、more still abundant 错

more修饰adj,adv时 应紧接在adj/adv的前面 more abundant

only, more than, less than修饰数量名词时,应紧接在数量名词前 The bridge is only three feet long.

七、主系表结构

当谓语动词为系动词时,便是主系表结构

主+系+表 对

主+表+系 错

表+系+主 对(倒装句中)

to stay warm...

rest motionless

remain committed to

became associated with

常考的系动词有:

rest, stay, remain, mantain, lie, exist, be, become, turn, get

以及感观动词:look, appear, seem, feel, sound, taste

* appear, seem 可接不定式:appear to do; seem to do

八、多种修饰语的次序

限定词|+数词| +adj. | +noun.

| |描|大|新| | |材|

包括:指示代词|序数词|述|小|旧|颜|国|料|

人称代词|基数词|型|形|多| | |结|

不定代词| |形|状|少|色|籍|构|

冠词 | |容|长| | | |内|

所有格 | |词|短| | | |容|

The man has the first two beautiful ong old red French sports cars.

托福语法笔记之改错--非谓语动词

一、现分与过分的区别

现分 过分 考与不考备注

-------------------------

主动 被动 90%(后置定语,状)

进行 完成 10%(前置定语)

动作 状态 不考

a retired general

a retirign general 错

a fallen fruit 在地下

a falling fruit 正在掉

二、现在分词与过去分词的用法

1. 用于名词后作后置定语,等同于定语从句,只考虑主被动

Indians who lived in

~~~~~~~~~~~~=living

分词=从句

2. 用于句首,句末作状语,只考虑主被动

非此即彼 ┏included in/by

┗including 分,prep

┏involved in

┗involving

3. 常考的接doing的词

enjoy , finish, celebrate, suggest, advocate, forgive, mind, avoid, escape, tolerate, delay, quit ,spend ... (in) doing ,have difficulty/trouble/a problem/a hard time (in) doing (还有可以自己继续总结)

三、动词不定式的省略用法

1. ┏help to do = help do 可省可不省

┗help sb to do = help sb do

2. 使役动词必省to

let sb do ; make sb do; have sb do ; bid sb do

have sth done

3. 关于感观动词

see, hear, notice, feel, watch

必须省to

┏see sb do 看见整个过程

┗see sb doing 看见动作正在进行

改被动后to 要加回来

┏be seen to do

┗be seen doing

四、动词不定式的固定用法

1. 第一“人”

the first (sb) to do

2. 表“迫使”的动词

allow sb to do allow sth

permit sb to do permit sth

enable sb to do enable sth

cause sb to do cause sth

force sb to do force sth

3. 表“倾向”的adj./V

tend to do

attemp to do

be (more) likely to do

that + 句子

be inclined to do

be apt to do

be liable to do

4. 表“目的”的名词

The function + of sth. + is to do sth.

function, goal, purpose, aim, objective, reason, intention

5.与接不定式的V或adj. 同词根的名词也接不定式

be able to do -> ability to do

enable sb to do

decide to do -> decision to do

be ambitious to do -> ambition to do

try to do -> make great efforts to do

attempt(v.) to do -> attempt(n.) to do

五、动词不定式的其它形式

1. 动词不定式的将来式

主动:be to do

被动:be to be done

表示预计要发生或按计划要发生的事情

China is to be one of the most important contries in the world. 被动式与过去分词的区别

the surfaces to be glued

the surfaces glued

2. 动词不定式的完成时

主动 to have done

被动 to have been done

表示不定式的动作发生在谓语之前

I’m glad to have seen your son yesterday.

3. 某些adj. 后主动表被动

This plas is difficult to come out

easy

hard

托福语法笔记之改错--谓语动词

一、主谓一致

1. 主谓的分隔原则

S, ---,VO

主谓之间可以用定从及省略形式的定从分隔 * 主谓一致与主语同位语无关

2. 定语从句中的主谓一致

...noun.+that/which+V

* that, which并不反映单复数

one of 复n + that/which + 复V

the only one of 复n + that/which + 单V

3. 随前一致 together with, as well as, with, including, of

4. 随后一致

not 单n. but 复n. + 复V

not noly 单n. but also 复n. + 复V

5. 就近一致

单n. or 复n.

either 单n. or 复n.

neither 单n. nor 复n.

is he or we... 对

he or we are... 对

6. 可数名词and可数名词+复数动词

不可数名词and不可数名词+复数动词

例外:war and peace is/was

black and white is/was

bread and butter is/was

to love and to be loved is/was

7. 百分比结构

most, rest, half, majority, some, 50 percent, one percent __+of+n.+V 由名词决定动词的单复数

8. 倒装句中的主谓一致

There be...

between , among 等介词位于句首,即引起倒装 Between ...+ be + noun.

Among...+ be + noun.

主 + 系 + 表

主系关系要一致,系表关系可以不一致

9. The+ adj.

a. 表示“一类人”用复数V

The rich are ridiculous

b. 表示某一抽象概念

The good is attractive

10. one of + 复数noun. + 单V

more than one 单数noun. + 单数V

many a + 单noun. + 单V

a + 单noun. or + two + 单V: a day or two news 单数 measles 不可数

the series 用is/are从上下文得出

二、时态

1. in + 过去某一时间,用一般现在时

2. befort+ 过去年份,用过去完成时

3. for/since:

for后跟时间段,可用现在完成和一般过去时 since 后跟时间点,只能跟现在完成时 I have been a teacher for 3 years.

I have been a teacher since 1996.

I was a teacher for 3 years.

4. 自然现象、真理描述用一般现在时 时态:现在完成时和一般过去时混用

一般现在时和一般过去时混用

三、语态 考主被的混用

一个证明,二个位于,三个需要,四个情感

1. 证明:prove(vi) + to be + n./adj. prove(vt) + sth./that +句子

my advice rpoved to be wrong

2. 位于:locate永远考被动

situate 主动:把...放置;确定位置 被动:位于

3. 需要:need, want, require

4. 情感:please, annoy, surprise, move I am pleased. 主语高兴

The news is pleasing. 令人高兴 使...高兴(心烦、惊讶、感动) Franklin is so moved.

The story is so moving.

托福语法笔记之改错--冠词

(缺失与多余为重点和难点)

1. a与an的区别 (发音而非字母)

an: herd undergraduate understanding oyster honest

a : unique university unite yawn

这里补充一点:当时XDF老师刘述讲的:U 开头发[ju]时前面是a,其他是an.其他的元音字母都是他们开头就用an.

2. a/an与复数名词的混用

an outstanding methods.

3. 不定冠词a的遗漏

(1)固定短语中a的遗漏

a set of, a piece of, a variety of, a series of,

a collection of , a wide range of

a wealth of + 不可数名词(information)

(2)强调可数名词的单数概念

且无其它限定词,必须用不定冠词

也就是说,单数可数名词前必须有限定词

* v+单数可数名词 错

prep+单数可数名词 错

of humid area area可数,所以错

of prize fighter fighter可数,所以错

of raindrop 亦然

例外:a. a part of= part of

part 永远对

b. 表示职务、身份、亲属关系的词可以单独使用

Little Bush, son of George Bush, is running

for the office of president.

c. 表示“种类”名词后所接noun可单独使用

type of , kind of, sort of

d. 表示某一方面的名词可单独使用

All cells differ in function, in size, in color, in shape.

the astronomy, the nitrogen, the iron, in the histroy,

in the nature, of the human hoby, on the right side

这些名词前都不能加the

1. 表示“独一无二”的事物

the Great Wall, the Sun, the Moon, the Earth

2. 关于序数词

* 序数词只有作定语修饰noun,才必须加the

年代:in the serventeenth century

排序:the eight(h) element (is)......

* 序数词考两点:a. 加不加the

b. 是eight或eithth (单词)

陷阱: a. Utah ranks first among...

b. A is second only to B.

3. adj.最高级作前置定语修饰noun,才必须加the.

the most desolate region(S)

the most ... area(s)

adj+est 后可以是复数。

4. 四大洋,河流,湖泊前必须加the

Winds from the Atlantic Ocean

5. “人体” the human body

“普通人” the average person

the common person

6. 表示“开始”与“结束”,必须加the

the beginning( 可以加s) the end

7. 学科前不加the

the astrology错

元素前不加the

Iron, Nitrogen

8. nature

a. 在自然界 in nature

b. ... of nature 本质上的

faith of natrue 发自内心的

9. history

a. 泛指“在历史上”,in history

b. 特指在某种历史上,in the history of NOS

10.乐器 play the piano(正确)

play erhu(正确)

11.城市名,州名,国家名前不加the

in Beijing , in the city of Beijing

联合名词除外:the United States

the United kingdom

a United States boy.

12.most的用法

a. 作为一个副词(adv.)修饰adj,adv,表示最高级 ... are most plantiful ...

the most handsome teacher

b. adj. 大多数的

most animals 泛指

(不可以+the)+可数/不可数名词皆可

~~~~~~~~~~~~~决定谓语

c. pron.大多数,大部分

most of the animals 特指

d. a most beautiful girl

~~~~adv., very

e. most/mostly

均作副词时,most修饰形容词、副词 mostly修饰动词、介词

be composed mostly of

托福语法笔记之改错--代词与介词

代词

一、代词的五种形式间的混用

he him himself self (一般出现都是错) 主格 宾格 反身代词 名词

所有格

his

(A)名词前面应该使用所有格

make she debut 错

make one’s debut

* 双宾语结构例外 won him prizes 对

(B)反身代词画线--->改宾格

要使用的反身代词必须与所在句子主语一致

he killed him. 他杀

he killed himself 自杀

(C)self ,是名词,“自我”,只用于哲学, 出现永远错

二、代词的单复数 him,her--> them, 注意一下

三、代词的性别 his/her himself/herself

四、代词的人与物

Although he is employed in hte scientific field, the metric system ~~->it

is not used in the U.S.

五、关系代词

┏ which 指代物

┃ that 指代人或物 注意:who与which混用

┗ who 指代人

┏ who 主

┃ whom 宾

┗ whose 所有格

whom image --->只考过一回

~~~~->whose

*主要考who和whose的混用

who + noun. 错 whose + V 错

介词

一、through/throughout

through: “穿过”、“通过”,强调动作

throughout: “贯穿”throughout his lifetime

“遍布”throughout the world

二、between/among

between the stars/trees 两两之间

among the two realms 错

三、in/inside /into

inside,in 静态,强调状态

into 动态,强调动作

air inside the house

shoot...into the sky

in + 单数noun.(无冠词),表示某一领域,某一方面,某一行业 in shape, in size

四、in/for/since

in + 1. 时刻点

2. 一段时间

for+ 1. prep. + 一段时间

2. conj. 并列连词,不能位于句首

句子,for 句子

since+1. prep., “自从”+时刻点,完成时

2. conj., “因为”Since +句子,句子

3. adv., a. 与过去时共用 = ago

...was...many years since ...

b. 与完成时连用,表示过去某个时间某个事件到现在 Tom was elected president last term, but he since has de

voted

little fo his spare time to his reponsibility.

五、of 遗漏

多余

六、by

1. be done by 只要不是固定词组,就改by

2. by doing 只要不是固定词组

3. 作品by 作者

publication by Franklin

七、固定搭配

together with = with

adv + prep = prep

托福语法笔记之改错--名词

名词

一、重要的名词

(A)重要的可数名词

discovery, cloud, mineral, metal, material, substance,

population, effort, effect, animal, plant, mammal,

insect, tree, herb, shrub, element, function, feature,

picture, result, clue, star, reason, audience, device,

structure, human , human being, system, fashion, kind,

resource, source, origin, pioneer, automobile, purpose,

style, response, number, amount, variety, quantity, type

(B)常见的不可数名词

furniture, luggage, clothing, equiment, poetry, jewelry, machinery, weaponry, scenery, information, knowledge, homework, evidence, folige, advertising, health

1. 液体不可数

2. 自然现象不可数:rain, sunlight,

but a heavy rain 可以用

3. 颗粒状不可数

4. 看不见摸不着的不可数

证据不可数,intelligence 不可数, advice 建议皆不可数

5. 学科不可数

mathematics, economics, statistics, physics, politics, mechanics, genetics, geology, geography, chemistry, philosophy, biology, histroy

6. 疾病不可数: meales, munps(腮腺炎) , diabetes(糖尿病)

7. 总称不可数

(C)常见的不规则名词

*tooth, foot 一定错

man-men, woman-women, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, goose-geese, basis-bases, analysis-analyses, crisis-crises, axis-axes, hypothesis-hypotheses, alga-algae, lava-lavar,

fungus-fungi, stimulus-stimuli, datum-data, medium-media, bacterium-bacteria, spectrum-spectra, mouse-mice, child-children, phonemenon-phenomena

(D)常见的单复数同形的名词

aircraft, spcecraft 等 craft结尾的词

species, series, means(mean不加s不是名词)

sheep, deer, trout, carp, salmon, fish->fishes,fish

鱼类一般单复同形

(E)单一复数意义有差异的名词

sky-skies(气候) water-waters(水系,永远不错)

good-goods(货物) part-parts(才能)

custom=customs(风俗) spectacle(风景)-spectacles(眼睛) letter-letters(文字) arm-arms(武器)

force-forces (武装力量)

??:这些词加s后是另一个名词单数还是作为复数 (F)即可数又不可数的名词

不可数 可数

paper 纸 文件

rock 碎岩 块岩

collection 各种收藏品 同一种收藏品

sugar 砂糖 方糖

area 面积 地区

land 面积 区域

work 作品;工作 著作;工厂,工程,工事

room 空间 房间

time 时间 倍数,时代

* art, newspaper, food, beverage

art 泛指艺术 不可数

一种艺术 an art

各种各样的艺术 arts

eighteen pieces of newspapers 十八张报纸

eighteen newspapers 十八种报纸

此类:强调种类就属于可数

二、名词作定语的单复数问题

(A)名词作主语,即noun.修饰noun.,前面的名词必须是单数

color effects, employment agenenices, sentence form, tree trunks

例外:a sales girl, a sales tax

a greetings card, a sports car

a savings bank, a communications satellite

a systems engineering

(B)man或woman修饰noun.时,其单复数应该同时变

a woman boxer->women boxers

(C)表示某一学科的教授、学生、教科书、实验室...时,只能用学科名本身修饰 a mathematical professor 错

a biological textbook 错

the chemical lab 错

the highest scientific award 错

a mathematical model 对

三、重要的限定词

(A) many + 复数

much + 不可数n

看见many 去找复数名词

as many as

50 percent of the money

~~~~~~不可数 ~~~~~不可数

many和much可为代词

many of..., much of..., ...by many

(B)some,any 后跟单/复数, 不可数/可数 均可

some object 某一物体

some objects 一些物体

some money 一些钱

也可作代词:some of..., any of...

(C)few/a few, little/a little

~~~~~~~~+可数 ~~~~~~~~~~~+不可数

few+复数

(D)every/each + 单可

each major styles 错

each ten boys 对

every four years 对

(E)数词/several + 复数

five aircraft 对

several setting 错

(F)one of/among + 复数

* be considered (to be) +noun./adj.

be regareded as

be viewed as

(G)first/only/single + 单/复均可

the first school 第一所学校

the first schools 第一批学校

a single + 单可

no single + 复可

(H)hundred,thousand,million,billion

five hundred boys, hundreds of boys, hundred million boys (I)another + 单可

other + 复名(纯粹的other)

anyother+ 单可

例外:other part .(part 永远对)

(J) a number of + 复noun. + 复Verb

the number of + 复noun. + 单verb

The amount fo leisue time is increasing

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