知识总结

what about=how about …怎么样(认为如何) fall asleep=be asleep 入睡 eat up 吃光 go to bed 上床睡觉

watch TV 看电视 only child 独生子、独生女

wash the dishes 洗盘子 at school/home/work 在学校 / 家 / 工作 go up 起床 live with sb. 和某人住在一起

日常用语

§1. What's your name? My name is Mike.

§2. Are you happy? Yes, I am./No, I'm not.

§3. What's your favorite subject? My favorite subject is English.

§4. Do you like sports? Yes, I do./No, I don't.

语法

§1. 词类:名词、冠词、形容词、副词 §2. 比较等级

【知识讲解】

※1. 名词

①表示人或事物的名称,如 boy, clock, book, tree。

总的说来,名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。

专有名词是个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称,如: Jim, China 专有名词的第一个字母要大写,如:Beijing, New York

②名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。

可数名词:可以用数目计算,有单数和复数两种形式,如:an apple, two apples,a car, some cars

不可数名词:一般无法用数目计算,没有复数形式,且不用不定冠词a/an修饰,如:water, milk, meat, tea, bread, rice

③单数名词变复数名词的规则如下表:

注:①少数名词的复数是不规则的,如: man→men woman→women child→children

②表示民族的名词,有的在词尾加 s ,如: an American→three Americans

③有的单、复数形式相同,如: a Chinese→four Chinese a sheep→three sheep a deer→five deer

※2. 冠词

冠词是一种虚词,不能单独使用,只能和一个名词一起使用,并帮助说明此名词。冠词有两类,即定冠词the 和不定冠词a/an。

①不定冠词 常表示“一”的概念,有两种形式:a和an。a用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前,如:a book, a pen;an用在元音音素开头的名词前,如:an apple,an orange,an egg。

②定冠词the 常表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”的概念,the在元音音素前读,在辅音音素前读 ,如:the moon, the evening。

eg. ①-Do you have an English book?

-Yes, but the English book is broken.

② There is a chicken in the picture.

③ We can't see the sun at night.

④ The Browns are going to the park this Sunday.

⑤ Shanghai is in the east of China.

※3. 形容词

用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征,在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语。 如: It's a sunny day today. Let's go to the park.

This book is good.

It's very nice of you to help us.

常见形容词的同义词与近义词:

large→big 大的

glad→happy/pleased 高兴的

clever→bright 聪明的

ill→sick 病的

fine→well 好的

常见形容词的反义词和对应词:

bad(坏的)→good(好的)

big(大的)→small(小的)

busy(忙的)→ free(空闲的)

dry(干的)→wet(湿的)

same(相同的)→different(不同的)

empty(空的)→full(满的)

cold(寒冷的)→hot(热的)

open(开着的)→closed(关闭的)

poor(穷的)→rich(富的)

※4. 副词

用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,在句中作状语或表语。 eg. Now he is back in New York again.

现在他又回到了纽约。

Mike is a good student. He often does his homework carefully.

副词一般分为七大类:

①时间副词: now, often, then, early, ago, before

②地点副词: here, there, out, above, up, down

③方式副词: hard, well, badly, fast, slowly

④程度副词: very, much, still, almost, too, so

⑤疑问副词: how, when, why, where

⑥关系副词: when, where, why

⑦连接副词: now, where, why

often 等表示“频率”的时间副词,总被放在句子中间,又称“中置副词”。这类副词有 always(总是)、 usually(通常)、sometimes(有时)、ever(曾经)、never(从不)等。

“中置”规律:

①放在单个的 be 动词之后;

②放在单个实义动词之前;

③谓语动词为多个词时,放在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。

如: You are always late for school. 你总是上学迟到。

I usually go to school by bike.

I never see that book.

He often helps other students.

He goes to work on foot sometimes.

※5. 比较等级

在进行比较的时候,形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。 规则形容词和副词的比较级和最高级加 -er或-est。

(1)不规则变化的形容词和副词如下good→better→best bad→wors →worst (许多)many/much→more→most

(几乎没有)little→less→least

(远的)far→farther→farthest

(老的,旧的)old

(2)三种句型

① 原级句型:

as+形容词/副词+as,表示“和…一样”;否定句式:not as/so +形容词/副词+as,表示“和…不一样”。

eg. I think Kate does just as well as Ann.

If you like the chicken, you may have as much as you can.

I don't like the film. It's not so interesting as that one.

② 比较级句型:

a. 主语+谓语+比较级+than+其它,表示“较…一些”。

eg. This city is more beautiful than that one.

It is hotter today than yesterday.

He is a much nicer worker.

b. 比较级+and+比较级,more and more+原级,表示“越来越…”,说明本身程度的改变。

eg. The world's population is growing faster and faster.

世界人口增长得越来越快。

more and more beautiful

越来越漂亮

c. the+比较级, the+比较级,表示“越…就越…”,说明随着前边条件的变化,后边的结果也发生变化。

eg. The more she eats, the fatter she'll be. 她吃得越多就会越胖。 The more, the better. 越多越好。

③ 最高级句型:

主语+谓语+(the)形容词或副词的最高级+in/of

注:最高级前一般要用the,如: He is the most careful student.

但在副词最高级前the可以省去,如:He writes(the)most carefully in his class.

This kind of cake is the most delicious.

I like English best.

Mike is the youngest in his class.

He runs fastest.

初一英语上册专题重点动词

一、be动词

1. 根据人称的不同,be动词有三种基本形式,分别为am,is和are。am用于单数第一人称(I);is用于单数第三人称(he,she,it);are用于第二人称和复数第一,二,三人称(we,you,they)。

例:I am fifteen years old.

我十五岁了。

You are my friend forever.

你永远是我的朋友。

He is a hard-working student.

他是一个刻苦努力的学生。

The students are reading books in the classroom.

学生们都在教室里读书。

2. be动词的否定形式直接在后面加not.

I am not fifteen years old.

He is not a hard-working student.

The students are not reading books in the classroom.

3. 把be动词的肯定句变成疑问则要直接把动词be提到句首,变型如下: Are you fifteen years old?

Is he a hard-working student?

Are the students reading books in the classroom?

二. 行为动词

1. match v. 相称;匹配

● match. . . with. . .

e. g. Match the words with the pictures,please.

请把单词和图画相搭配。

2. practise v. 练习

●practise doing sth. 练习做。。。

e. g. He practices speaking English every day.

他每天都练习读英语。

3. welcome v. 欢迎.

● welcome sb. to sp.

e. g. Please welcome Betty and Tony to our school.

欢迎贝蒂和托尼来我们学校。

4. invite v. 邀请

● invite sb. to do sth.

e.g. Tom invites me to go to the concert with him on Saturday. 汤姆邀请我跟他周六一起去参加音乐会。

● invite sb. to sp.

e. g. Daming invites Tony to the cinema.

大明邀请托尼去看电影。

● invitation(n. )

send an invitation to sb. 对某人发出邀请

5. ask v. 请求

● ask sb. to do sth.

e. g. Tony asks Daming to go to a basketball match.

托尼叫大明一起去看篮球赛。

6. have v. 有

● have lessons上课

● have a rest 休息

● have a look at sth. 看看...

● have dinner 吃饭

● have a good time 玩的开心

● have a break 课间休息

● have a party 举办聚会

e. g. We have three lessons in the morning.

我们早上有三节课。

At eleven o'clock,we have a break and I talk with my friends. 11点我们课间休息,我和我的朋友们聊天。

In the evening,we watch TV and have dinner. I do my homework and go to bed at ten o'clock.

晚上,我们看电视并且吃晚饭。我做作业然后十点上床睡觉。

7. send v. 发送

● send sb sth(send sth. to sb. )

e. g. We usually send him a birthday card.

我们经常送给他一张生日卡片。

8. make v. 制作。

● make sth. for sb.

e. g. And we often make a cake for his birthday.

我们经常为他的生日做一个生日蛋糕。

● make travel plans on the Internet

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