初中英语语法总结(动词的时态)(2)

初中英语语法总结(动词的时态)(2)

11.4 一般将来时

1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称, 在征求意见时常用于第二人称。

例如: Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?

2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。

a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。

例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢? b. 计划,安排要发生的事。

例如:The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。

例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.

看那乌云,快要下雨了。

3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。

例如: We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。

例如: He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。 注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的

时间状语连用。

11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时,be going to表将来,will表意愿。 例如: If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.

如果你要去旅游,你最好一有可能就做好准备

Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.

如果你脱下衣服,我们将在镜子前帮你穿上新衣服

11.6 be to和be going to

be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的打算或 计划。例如:

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.

明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)

I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.

明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排)

11.7 一般现在时表将来

1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时 可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如: The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.

汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。

2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。

3)在时间或条件句中。例如:

When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。

4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如: I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.

离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。

11.8 用现在进行时表示将来

下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时 可以表示将来。例如:

I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?

 

第二篇:初中英语语法总结(动词的时态)(4)

初中英语语法总结(动词的时态)(4)

11.15 过去完成时

1) 概念:表示过去的过去

----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。 那时 以前 那时 现在

2) 用法

a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如: She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。 b. 状语从句

在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一 般过去时。例如:

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。

c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose

等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。

1)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as。 例如:

He said that he had learned some English before.

他说过他以前学过一些英语。

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年,爱迪生开始自己谋生。

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

汤姆失望了,因为他到达晚会时,大部分客人已经走了。

典型例题 :

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.

A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left

D. were writing, had left

答案D.

"把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前,因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。

注意: had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如:

I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me.

我刚打开门,他就打了我。

had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如:

He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.

他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。

11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时

1) 两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时, 多用一般过去时。例如:

When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起来。

My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了。 2 ) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成, 用过去完成时。例如:

When I heard the news, I was very excited. 我听到这个消息后,很兴奋。

3) 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。例如: Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 老师告诉我们,哥伦比亚在14xx年发现美州。

11.17 将来完成时

相关推荐