高一必修1英语语法_人教版的

高一必修1英语语法 人教版的 高一英语必修一语法要点

一般现在时

1. 表示主语现在所处的状态及其所具备的特征、性格、能力等

例如:I am a girl.

2. 表示习惯性、经常性的动作

例如:I usually go to bed at 9:00.

3. 标志性的词语

Always often sometimes now and then

4. 若助于为第三人称单数(he she it)则动词要用单三现

二. 现在进行时

1. 说话时正在进行的动作

例如:I am reading.

2.表示即将发生的动作,多用于go come start leave return arrive stay fly等词语之中,句子中常常有时间状语

例如:The plane is going to Beijing.

3.当句子中出现了always 、forever 、constantly 、continually 、 All the time等

例如:I am always thinking of you.

三. 倍数比较

1.A+系动词+倍数词+as+ adj \adv的原型+as+B

例如:The class is twice as big as that one.

2.A+系动词+倍数词+adj\adv的比较级+than+B

例如:The class is twice bigger than that class.

3.A+系动词+倍数词+the size\amount(数量)\ength\width\height

\depth\+of+B

例如:The class is twice the size of that class.

四. With的复合结构

1. With+宾语+宾语补足语

宾语补足语根据逻辑意义的不同可以是不同的词语,如形容词、现在分词、过去分词、副词、介词短语、不定式等,with在复合结构中常作状语

2.常用结构

○1with+宾语+doing

表主动与进行

例如:Tom was quite safe with Lucy standing behind him.

○2with+宾语+done

表被动与完成 例如:With all things she need bought,she went home. 1

○3with+宾语+to do

表将来 例如:With so many thing to deal with.

五. 现在完成进行时

现在完成进行时

1.基本表达式(I have been doing )

I/ we/ you/ they have been doing sth.

he/ she/ it has been doing sth.

2.表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去。

The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.

中国有20xx年的造纸历史。(动作还将继续下去)

I have been learning English since three years ago.

自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。(动作还将继续下去)

3.表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。

We have been waiting for you for half an hour.

我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到,如同在电话里说的,还会继续等)

4.有些现在完成进行时的句子等同的句子。

例如:They have been living in this city for ten years.

They have lived in this city for ten years.

他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。

I have been working here for five years.

I have worked here for five years.

我在这里已经工作五年了。

5.大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。

例如:I have been writing a book.(动作还将继续下去)

我一直在写一本书。

I have written a book.(动作已经完成)

我已经写了一本书。

They have been building a bridge.

他们一直在造一座桥。

They have built a bridge.

他们造了一座桥。

6.表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。

例如:I have known him for years.

我认识他已经好几年了。

I have been knowing...

这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有:love爱,like喜欢, hate讨厌,等。 注意:比较过去时与现在完成时

1.过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。

2.过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。

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一般过去时的时间状语:

yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语

共同的时间状语:

this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately

现在完成时的时间状语

for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 不确定的时间状语

3.现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.

过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 例如: I saw this film yesterday.

(强调看的动作发生过了。)

I have seen this film.

(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)

Why did you get up so early?

(强调起床的动作已发生过了。)

Who hasn't handed in his paper?

(强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争。)

She has returned from Paris.

她已从巴黎回来了。

She returned yesterday.

她是昨天回来了。

He has been in the League for three years.

(在团内的状态可延续)

He has been a League member for three years.

(是团员的状态可持续)

He joined the League three years ago.

( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。)

I have finished my homework now.

---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?

---He's already been sent for.

句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。

(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

六.过去完成时

1. 概念:表示过去的过去

其构成是had +过去分词构成。 那时以前 那时 现在

2. 用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。

She said (that) she had never been to Paris.

b. 状语从句

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在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

3.过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。

例如:He said that he had learned some English before.

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

七.现在完成进行时

1.其构成形式如下:

I / we / they have been + 动词的现在分词

He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词 功用如下:

2. 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动,如:

Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.

Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?

3.表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动,如:

It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)

Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently.

4. 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在,可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内,重复发生的行动,如:

She has been playing tennis since she was eight.

5. 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响,而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身,如: Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.

The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.

注意:

现在完成时有否定结构、而现在完成进行时没有否定结构。 现在完成时态可表示做完的时期以及已有的经验、但现在完成进行时不可以 现在完成进行时的否定结构 现在完成进行时有时也可用否定结构。

如: Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well. 自从上周发生了那次不幸事故之后,我一直睡得很不好.

He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t has that much contact with him. 他并没有给我工作过,我和他没有过那许多接触。

6.否定句构成:

主语+has/have+not+been+现在分词

7.一般疑问句构成:

Have/has+主语+been+现在分词+其他

第一 二单元是直接引语与间接引语, 第三单元是现在进行时表将来

第四五单元是定语从句。其中第四单元是关系代词,第五单元是关系副词,及介词加关系代词

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第二篇:高中英语语法专题训练题--定语从句练习新人教版必修1

练习、定语从句

一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句:

1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.

2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.

3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.

4. The students will not pass the exam. They don’t study hard.

5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.

6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.

7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.

8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.

9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.

10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.

二、根据句子意思,在第一个空白处填入介词,在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:

1. The person ________ ________ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.

2. The pencil ________ ________ he was writing broke.

3. Wu Dong, ________ ________ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.

4. The two things ________ ________ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.

5. Her bag, ________ ________ she put all her books, has not been found.

三、选择填空:

1. The man ____ visited our school yesterday is from London.

A. who B. which C. whom D. when

2. The woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.

A. whose B. who C. whom D. which

3. Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten.

A. that B. which C. what D. as

4. Do you remember those days ____ we spent along the seashore very happily?

A. when B. where C. which D. who

5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera ____ he lost last week.

A. which B. that C. whom D. as

6. Those ____ want to go please sign their names here.

A. whom B. which C. who D. when

7. Where is the man ____ I met this morning?

A. when B. where C. which D. who

8. Who is the woman ____ is sweeping the floor over there?

A. who B. / C. that D. when

9. The man ____ you talked just now is a worker.

A. who B. whom C. to whom D. to who

10. The man ____ you are going to make friends is my father’s neighbor.

A. with whom B. when C. to whom D. which

11. The doctor ____ is leaving for Africa next month.

A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking

C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking

12. The man ____ around our school is from America.

A. which you showed B. you showed him C. you showed D. where you showed

13. He talked about a hero ____ no one had ever heard.

A. of whom B. from whom C. about that D. who

14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in French.

A. where B. who C. in which D. which

15. Have you read the book ____ I lent to you?

A. that B. whom C. when D. whose

16. Finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police.

A. that B. which C. whatever D. all

17. The foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.

A. most of them B. most of that C. most of whom D. most of those

18. This is the very letter ____came last night.

A. who B. which C. that D. as

19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask ____ knows better than I.

A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D. the one

20. This is the school ____ we visited three days ago.

A. where B. / C. when D. what

21. This is the factory ____ we worked a year ago.

A. where B. that C. which D. on which

22. Nearby were two canoes ____ they had come to the island.

A. which B. in which C. that D. /

23. Jack is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ____ you have told him.

A. that, what B. what, that C. which, what D. that, which

24. Do you work near the building ____ colour is yellow?

A. that B. which C. its D. whose

25. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.

A. whom B. who C. to whom D. form whom

26. Is this school ____ we visited three years ago?

A. the one B. which C. that D. where

27. Is this the school ____ we visited three years ago?

A. the one B. where C. in which D. /

28, How many students are there in your class ____ homes are in the country?

A. whose B. who C. whom D. which

29. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise.

A. it B. which C. that D. he

30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage ____ already seven other people.

A. when there were B. which there were C. that there were D. where there were

31. I live in the house ____ windows face south.

A. which B. whose C. where D. in that

32. ---- What game is popular with them? ---- The ____ most is tennis.

A. game they like it B. game they like C. best game they like D. best game they like it

33. They stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the wine I had.

A. which B. which time C. during which time D. during which

34. The room ____ Mr. White lives is not very large.

A. that B. which C. where D. when

35. Don’t forget the day ____ you were received into the Youth League.

A. when B. that C. at which D. where

36. I’ve finished writing the novel, ____ is to be published next month.

A. that B. what C. which D. when

37. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected.

A. which B. as C. that D. it

38. ____ is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.

A. What B. As C. That D. Which

39. The old man had three sons, all of ____ died during World War Ⅱ.

A. whose B. that C. whom D. who

40. There was ____ to prevent the accident.

A. something could do B. anything we could do

C. nothing we couldn’t do D. nothing we could do

41. Do you know the reason ____ she has changed her mind?

A. why B. which C. for that D. of which

42. He failed in the exam, ____ proves that he wasn’t working hard enough.

A. which B. what C. it D. that

43. During the week ____ he tried to collect materials for his article.

A. following B. followed C. to follow D. that followed

44. ____ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.

A. It B. Which C. As D. That

45. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, ____ his father expected.

A. that was what B. what was that C. and which was D. which was what

46. We should read such books ____ will make us better and wiser.

A. when B. as C. whose D. what

47. You must show my wife the same respect ____ you show me.

A. when B. as C. whose D. what

48. That is one of those books that ____ worth reading.

A. is B. are C. has D. have

49. This is the only one of the students whose handwriting ____ the best.

A. is B. are C. has D. have

50. This is the only book ____ I can find.

A. that B. which C. it D. with which

语法复习四:定语从句

一、1. The fan that you want is on the desk. 2. The man who brought our textbooks here yesterday is in next room. 3. The magazine which he has taken away is mine.

4. The students who don’t study hard will not pass the exam. 5. The woman you saw in the park is our geography teacher. 6. The letter I received yesterday is from my sister. 7. The play that we saw last night was wonderful. 8. The train which was going to Nanning was late. 9. The boy who was here a minute ago is my brother.

10. The tree he is climbing is quite tall.

二、1. to whom; 2. wiht which; 3. with whom; 4. about which; 5. in which 三、1~5 ABACD 6~10 CDCCA 11~15 CCADA 16~20 ACCAB 21~25 ABBDC

26~30 ADABD 31~35 BBDCA 36~40 CABCD 41~45 AADCD 46~50 BBBAA

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