七年级英语下重点词汇和语法

一. 词汇 ? 单词

1. 介词：in, on, under, behind, near, at, of

1). in表示"在……中"， "在……内"。例如： in our class 在我们班上 in my bag 在我的书包里 in the desk 在桌子里 in the classroom 在教室里

2). on 表示"在……上"。例如： on the wall 在墙上 on the desk 在桌子上 on the blackboard 在黑板上

3). under表示"在……下"。例如： under the tree 在树下 under the chair 在椅子下 under the bed 在床下

4). behind表示"在……后面"。例如： behind the door 在门后 behind the tree 在树后

5). near表示"在……附近"。例如： near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近 near the bed 在床附近

6). at表示"在……处"。例如： at school 在学校 at home 在家 at the door 在门口

7). of 表示"……的"。例如： a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画 a map of China 一张中国地图

2. 冠词 a / an / the: 冠词一般位于所限定的名词前，用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式，即a和an。

a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，如a book;

an用在以元音音素开头的字母前，如an apple. a或an与可数名词单数连用，泛指某类人或某物中的一个。 This is a cat. 这是一只猫。 It's an

English book. 这是一本英语书 His father is a worker. 他的爸爸是个工人。 也可以用在不可数名词前，表示某个或某些特定的人或事物，也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。 Who's the boy in the hat? 戴帽子的男孩是谁呀？ ------ What can you see in the classroom? ------ I can see a bag. ------ Where's the bag? ------ It's on the desk. ------- 你能在教室里看到什么呀？ ------ 我能看见一个书包。 ------ 书包在哪呀？ ------ 在桌子上。

3.some和any

①在肯定句中用some.例如： There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。 Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。

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②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如： Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗？ Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗？ There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。

?记住它们的特殊用法。

① some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑

问句中，这一点我们不久就会学到。例如： Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗？

② ②any也可用于肯定句中，表示"任何的"。例如： Any one of us can do

this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。 some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点，希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。

③ 4.family 看作为一个整体时，意思是"家庭"，后面的谓语动词be

用单数形式 is ；如把family看作为家庭成员时，应理解为复数，后面的谓语动词be应用are。

④ My family is a big family. 我的家庭是个大家庭。

⑤ My family are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家。 Family强调由

家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。 house指"家"、"房屋"，侧重居住的建筑本身。 His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。 My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。 He isn't at home now. 他现在不在家。 It's a picture of my family. 这是一张我全家的照片。

⑥ 5. little的用法 a little dog 一只小狗，a little boy 一个小男孩。little常

用来修饰有生命的名词。 *但little还可表示否定意义，意为"少的"，加不可数名词。 There is little time. 几乎没时间了。 There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。

⑦ ? 词组 on the desk 在桌子上 behind the chair 在椅子后 under the

chair 在椅子下面 in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中 near the door 在门附近 a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片 look at the picture 看这张图片 the teacher's desk 讲桌 a map of China 一张中国地图

family tree 家谱 have a seat 坐下，就坐 this way 这边走

⑧ 二. 日常用语

⑨ 1. Come and meet my family.

⑩ 2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei.

? 3. Glad to meet you.

? 4. What can you see in the picture? I can see a clock / some books. 2

? 5. Can you see an orange? Yes, I can. / No, I can't.

? 6. Where's Shenzhen? It's near Hong Kong.

? 7. Let me see.（口语）让我想想看。 see 在这是"明白、懂了"，不可译

作"看见"。例如：

? 8. Please have a seat. seat表示"座位"，是个名词。have a seat表示"

就坐"，也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。

? 三. 语法

? 1. 名词所有格 名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系，通常用名词所有格

的形式，意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式：

? （1）. 一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如： Kate's father Kate的爸爸 my

mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友

? （2）. 如果复数名词以s结尾，只加"'"。例如： Teachers' Day 教师节

The boys' game 男孩们的游戏

21 （3）. 如果复数名词不以s结尾，仍加"'s"。例如： Children's Day 儿

童节 Women's Day 妇女节

22 （4）. 表示两个或几个共有时，所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如： Lucy

and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间 Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸 。动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s"，而常常用介词of的短语来表示。 a map of China 一幅中国地图 the name of

23 2. 祈使句 祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。

祈使句一般不用主语，读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌，常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时，please前多用逗号。

24 （1）. 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。 Go and see. 去看

看。 Come in, please. 请进。

25 （2）. 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。 Don't look at your books.

不要看书。 Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。

26 3. There be 的句子结构 There be是一个"存在"句型，表示"有"的意思，

肯定句的形式为：There be + 名词（单数或复数）+地点状语或时间状语。 be动词单复数的确定，看be后边第一个名词，当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时，be动词形式为is；当所接主语为复数名词时，be动词为are；当be动词后接两个以上主语时，be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。

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27 如： There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮

和两支钢笔。 There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。

28 （1）there be的否定句，即在be的后面加上not。 否定形式为：There

be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。 There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。 There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。

29 （2）there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首：Be there + (any) +名

词+地点状语？肯定回答：Yes, there is / are. 否定回答：No, there isn't / aren't.

30 ---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗？ ---Yes, there is. 有。 31 ---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗？ ---No, there aren't.

没有。

32 （3）特殊疑问句：How many . . . are there (+地点状语)？"某地有多少

人或物？"回答用There be . . . There's one. / There are two / three / some . . . 有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .

33 ---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学

生？ ---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。

34 （4）如果名词是不可数名词，用：How much + 不可数名词 + is there +

地点状语？ How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水？ How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物？ 35、What other animals do you like? 你还喜欢什么其他的动物吗?

other形容词（a. ），“别的；其它的；另外的；更多的”等意。其用法小结：

other后接单复数均可，other one或other two students.

others（另外的……/别的……/其它的人或物）本身就是复数，等于：other (ones)

the other（两个中的另一个人或物）

one…the other一定范围内两人(物)，一个用one，另一个用the other。 some/any other（别的，其它的）：后接单复数均可；every other(隔一……的)：后接单数。

相关词组：

one… the other 一个……另一个……（只有两个）

some… the others 一些……其余的……（有三个以上）

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some… others，others…一些……另外一些……另外一些……

others = other people/things

the others = the rest 剩余的全部

1) 泛指另一个用another。

2) 一定范围内两人(物)，一个用one，另一个用the other。

3) 一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one (another)，第三个可用

the other，a third。

4) 一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others。

5) 泛指别的人或物时，用others当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩

余部分但不是全部时，也用others。

七年级下册英语语法点总结

Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?

一．短语：

1 ．be from = come from 来自于----

2． live in 居住在---

3． on weekends 在周末

4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人

5 ．in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国

6．pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目

7．the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约

8．speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎

9．go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动

二．重点句式：

1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/

2 Where does he live?

3 What language(s) does he speak?

4 I want a pen pal in China.

5 I can speak English and a little French.

6 Please write and tell me about yourself.

7 Can you write to me soon?

8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.

三、语法重点.

1.I live in Toronto,Canada.小地点在前，大地点在后

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2.Want 的用法：

①Want sth .例：I want a pen pal in China.

②Want to do sth 想做某事 例：I want to eat .

③ Want sb to do sth 想让某人做某事，例：

I want Mary to do homework.

3.Can 后接动词原形例：I can speak English.

4.Like的用法：

①like sth.

② like to do sth 表示不经常做的事情

③ like doing sth 表示经常做的一件事情，例：I like playing sports 知识重点：

1.Where is your pen pal from?=

Where does your pen pal come from?

He is from China.=

He comes from China.

2.Where does he live?

He lives in Beijing.

3.Does he have brothers or sisters?=

Does he have any brother and sister

四．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。

1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French

2 France------ French------French

3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese

4 Australia----Australian----- English

5 the United States------ American---- English

6 the United Kingdom---British----- English

Unit 2 Where’s the post office?

一． Asking ways: (问路)

1． Where is (the nearest) ??？ （最近的）??在哪里？

2． Can you tell me the way to ??？ 你能告诉我去??的路吗？

3． How can I get to ??？ 我怎样到达??呢？

4． Is there ?? near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有??吗？ 6

5． Which is the way to ??？ 哪条是去??的路？

二．Showing the ways: （指路）

1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。

2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。

3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。

4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。

5. You’d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。（You’d better+动词原形）

三．词组

1. across from ?? 在??的对面 across from the bank 在银行的对面

2. next to?? 紧靠?? next to the supermarket 紧靠超市

3. between??and?? 在??和??之间

between the park and the zoo 在公园和动物园之间

among 表示位于三者或三者以上之间

4. in front of?? 在??前面

There is a tree in front of the classroom.课室前面有棵树。

in the front of?? 在??（内）的前部

There is a desk in the front of the classroom.课室内的前部有张桌子。

5. behind?? 在??后面 behind my house 在我家后面

6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐

on the left/right of?? 在某物的左/右边

on the left of our school 在我们学校的左边

on one’s left/right 在某人的左/右边 on my left 在我左边

7. go straight 一直走

8. down /along?? 沿着??（街道）

down/along Center Street 沿着中央街

9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近

10 welcome to?? 欢迎来到??

11. take /have a walk 散步

12. the beginning of?? ??的开始,前端

at the beginning of?? 在??的开始,前端

in the beginning 起初，一开始

13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心，过得愉快 我昨天玩得很开心。 I had fun yesterday.

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I had a good time yesterday.

I enjoyed myself yesterday.

14. have a good trip 旅途愉快

15. take a taxi 坐出租车

16. 到达：get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到这/那/家

arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.

arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.

reach +地方

17．go across 从物体表面横过 go across the street 横过马路

go through 从空间穿过 go through the forest 穿过树林

18．on + 街道的名称。 Eg: on Center Street

at + 具体门牌号+街道的名称 Eg: at 6 Center Street

三．重难点解析

1．enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣，喜爱做某事

I enjoy reading. 我喜爱读书。

到目前为止，我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和enjoy，都是要带 doing. I finish cleaning the room. 我扫完了这间屋子。

2．hope to do sth 希望做某事

I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通过这次考试。

hope +从句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天将会晴朗。

（从句即是一个小句子，这个小句子又放在大句子中，从属于大句子，所以叫从句。

如tomorrow will be fine是一个从句，它又放在I hope 的后面，形成句中有句。）

3. if 引导一个表示假设的句子。

If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有许多钱，我就会去月球。

If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket. 如果你饿了的话，你可以在超市买一些食物。

四．本单元的反义词、近义词配对

1new—old 2 quiet--- busy 3 dirty--- clean 4 big---- small

Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?

一．重点词组

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eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals

at night in the day every day during the day

二. 交际用语

1. Why do you like pandas? Because they’re very clever.

2. Why does he like koalas? Because they’re kind of interesting.

3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.

4. What other animals do you like?

I like dogs, too.

Why?

Because they’re friendly and clever.

5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.

6. She’s very shy.

7. He is from Australia.

8．He sleeps during the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.

9．He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.

10．Let’s see the pandas first.

11．They’re kind of interesting.

12．What other animals do you like?

13．Why do you want to see the lions?

三. 重点难点释义

1、kind of 有点，稍微

Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有点害羞。

kind 还有“种类”的意思

如：各种各样的 all kinds of

We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.

2、China n. 中国 Africa n. 非洲

China 和Africa都是专有名词，首字母都应该大写，而且和介词in连用。 There are many kinds of tigers in China.

There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.

3、friendly adj. 友好的，和蔼可亲的

它是名词friend的形容词形式，常常和be动词连用, be friendly。 The people in Chengdu are very friendly.

4、with prep. 跟，同，和?在一起

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I usually play chess with my father.

注意区别与and的用法，and通常用于连接主语或宾语，连接主语时， 如果有I, I通常放在 and 之后，如：

My father and I usually play chess together.

Play with “和?一起玩耍”“玩?”

I often play with my pet dog.

Don’t play with water!

5、day和night 是一对反义词，day 表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。 通常说in the day, during the day, at night。

Koala bears often sleep during the day and eat leaves at night.

6、leaf n. 叶子

复数形式为：leaves, 类似的变化还有：wife—wives, wolf—wolves, knife—knives等。

7、hour n. 小时；点钟

hour前边通常加上冠词an 表示“一个小时”， 即：an hour。

There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.

8、be from 来自?

be from = come from

Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.

9、meat n. （食用的）肉，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修

饰，即：much meat

He eats much meat every day.

10、grass n. 草，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修饰， 即：much grass。There is much grass on the playground.

四. 语法知识

特殊疑问句通常以“what”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、 “how”、“how old”、“how many”等开头，对某一具体问题进行提问。 特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况：

1. 疑问句+一般疑问句结构。这是最常见的情况。例如：

What’s your grandfather’s telephone number? 你爷爷的电话号码是多少？

Who is that boy with big eyes? 那个大眼睛的男孩是谁？

Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节？

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When is he going to play the piano? 他什么时候弹钢琴？

Where does he live? 他住在哪儿？

How are you? 你好吗？

How old are you? 你多大了？

How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有几个兄弟姐妹？

2. 疑问句+陈述句结构。这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。例如：

Who is on duty today?

今天谁值日？

Which man is your teacher?

哪位男士是你的老师？

我们学过的What/How about+名词/代词+其他？也是特殊疑问句，它是一种省略结构。

例如：

I like English. What/How about you? 我喜欢英语。你呢？

What about playing basketball? 打篮球怎么样？

Unit 4 I want to be an actor.

一．短语：

1 want to do sth 想要作某事

2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物 / 把某物给某人

3 help sb do sth 帮助某人作某事

Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.

4 help sb with sth 帮助某人谋事

Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home

5 in the day 在白天

6 at night 在晚上

7 talk with/ to sb 和----谈话

8 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事

Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.

9 in a hospital 在医院l

10 work/ study hard 努力工作

11 Evening Newspaper 晚报

二．重点句式及注意事项：

1 询问职业的特殊疑问词是what；有三种主要句式

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① What + is / are + sb?

② What + does/ do + sb + do?

③ What + is/ are + 名词所有格/ 形容词性物主代词 + job?

2 People give me their money or get their money from me.

3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.

4 I like talking to people.

5 I work late. I’m very busy when people go out to dinners. 6 Where does your sister work?

7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.

8 Do you want to work for a magazine?

Then come and work for us as a reporter.

9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends?

10 We are an international school for children of 5-12.

三． 本单元中的名词复数。

1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----thieves

Unit 5 I’m watching TV

一．现在进行时

Ⅰ现在进行时的用法

表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作

Ⅱ现在进行时时间状语及标志性词

① now 现在

② at this time 在这时

③ at the moment 现在

④ look 看（后面有明显的“！”）

⑤ listen 听（后面有明显的“！”）

Ⅲ 现在分词的构成

① 一般在动词结尾处加ing Eg: go—going look--looking

② 以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e加ing。

Eg: write—writing close--closing

③ 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个字母，再加ing.

Eg: get—getting run—running ( swim, run, put,get,sit,begin) 12

Ⅳ 现在进行时的构成

肯定句: 主语+ am/is/are+ doing +其他+时状.

Eg: He is doing his homework now.

否定句：主语+am/is/are +not+ doing+其他+时状.

Eg: He is not doing his homework now.

一般疑问句： Am/Is/Are +主语+ doing+其他+时状？

Eg: Is he doing his homework now?

肯定回答：Yes,主语 +am/is/are Eg Yes, he is.

否定回答：No, 主语+am not/isn’t/aren’t Eg: No, he isn’t.

二．短语：

1．do one’s homework 做某人的作业

do housework 做家务

2．talk on the phone 在电话里交谈，讲电话

talk about?? 谈论??

talk to(with)sb 和某人交谈

3．write a letter 写信

write a letter to sb 给某人写信

4．play with?? 和??一起玩

5．watch TV 看电视

TV show 电视节目

6．wait for sb/sth 等待某人/某物

7．some of?? ??中的一些

8．in the first photo 在第一张照片里（介词用in,序数词前面有the） in the last photo 在最后一张照片里

a photo of one’s family 某人的家庭照片

9．at the mall 在购物街

at/in the library 在图书室

at/in the pool 在游泳池

10．read a book = read books = do some reading看书＼阅读

11．thanks for = thank you for 为某事而感谢（后接动词要用v－ing）

三． 重点句式及注意事项：

1． 他正在干什么？ What is he doing?

他正在吃饭。 He is eating dinner.

他正在哪里吃饭？ Where is he eating dinner?

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他正在家里吃饭。 He is eating dinner at home.

2．你想什么时候去？ When do you want to go?

让我们六点钟去吧。 Let’s go at six o’clock.

3．他正在等什么？ What is he waiting for?

他正在等公交车。 He is waiting for a bus.

4．他们正在和谁说话？ Who are they talking with?

他们正在和Miss Wu说话。 They are talking with Miss Wu.

5．你们正在谈论什么？ What are you talking about?

我们正在谈论天气。 We are talking about the weather.

6．他们都正在去上学。 They are all going to school.

7．这儿是一些我的照片。 Here are some of my photos.

这儿是一些肉。 Here is some of meat. (some of meat不可数，故用is)

8．谢谢你帮我买这本书。 Thank you for helping me buy this book.

9．family 家；家庭。强调“整体”，是单数；强调“成员”时，是复数。 His family has a shower. 他们家有一个淋浴。

His family are watching TV. 他全家在看电视。

Unit 6 It’s raining!

一．短语：

1 take photos/ pictures 照像

2 take photos/ pictures of sb/ sth 给某人或某物照相

3 have a good time＼have fun\have a great tame 玩得愉快

4 work for sb / sth 为某人工作

Eg: Yuan Yuan works for CCTV’s Around The World show

5 on vacation 度假

Eg: There are many people here on vacation.

6 some----others--- 一些??另外一些．one??the other??.一个??另一个??（两者之间）

Eg: There are many students in the classroom.

Some are writing, others are reading.

7 put on 穿上（动作） wear 穿着（状态）

Eg: Tom is putting on his coat now.

8 on the beach 在沙滩上

Eg: Tom and his family are playing on the beach at this moment. 14

9 this group of people 这一群人

10. in this heat

二．重点句型

1．How is the weather? 天气怎么样？ In the raining. 在下雨。

2．What are you doing? 你正在做什么？ I'm watching TV. 我在看电视。

3．What are they doing? 他们在做什么？ They are studying. 他们在学习。

4．What is he doing? 他在做什么？ He is playing basketball . 他在打篮球。

5．What is she doing ? 她在做什么？ She is cooking . 她在做饭。

三．重难点解析

1 询问天气情况的句式：(横线内容可替换)

① How is the weather in Beijing?

(How is the weather today?)

② What’s the weather like in Beijing?

( What’s the weather like today?)

2 回答上面问题的句式：

①It’s + adj. (形容词) Eg: It’s windy.

3 How’s it going (with you)?

① Not bad.

② Great!

③ Terrible!

④ Pretty good.

4 Thank you for joining CCTV’s Around The Word show.

5 I am surprised they can play in this heat.

6 Everyone is having a good time.

7 People are wearing hats and scarfs.

① wear 指穿衣服的状态。

② put on 指穿衣服的动作。

四．谈论天气的日常用语

1. It’s sunny/rainy/cloudy. 今天是晴天/雨天/阴天。

2. Lovely weather,isn’t it? 天气真好，是吗？

3. It looks like rain. 看起来要下雨。

4. It’s raining cats and dogs. 正是瓢泼大雨。

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5. It seems to be cleaning up. 天似乎要转晴。

6. It’s blowing hard. 风刮得很大。

7. It’s snowing heavily. 正在下大雪。

8. The snow won’t last long. 雪不会持续太久。

9. It’s very foggy. 雾很大。

10. The fog is beginning to lift. 正在收雾。

11. It’s thundering and lightening. 雷电交加。

12. What’s the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样？

13. What’s the weather report for tomorrow? 天气预报明天怎么样？

14. It’s quite different from the weather report. 这和天气预报相差很大。

15. It’s rather changeable. 天气变化无常。

16. What’s the temperature? 温度是多少？

17. It’s two below zero. 零下二度。

18. The temperature has dropped a lot today. 今天温度低多了。

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