写好英语小作文技巧summary

《广东教育·高中》20xx年第10期

广州 李渊

稿件来源：《高中》第10期

一、考纲要求

1．概括的准确性；

2．字数大约30词；

3．不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。

二、难点分析

1．如何迅速、准确地捕捉要点；

2．如何巧妙串连，将要点串成篇章；

3．如何灵活诠释，避免抄袭的嫌疑。

三、解题思路

1．巧妙利用opinion，预测材料内容

读写任务先读后写。那么“读”的材料肯定是与要“写”的材料话题是相同的，至少是相关的。因此，我们可以利用这一关系来进行有效的预测。以下是两个例子。

写好英语小作文技巧summary

写好英语小作文技巧summary

本例中的主题是“学校该不该分班”，那么，我们可以根据这个话题进行如下预测：

(1）阅读材料的论点是什么：该？不该？

(2）论据是什么：该的理由？不该的理由？

(3）如何论证：有无实例？如有，又是什么实例？

这样，心中有了疑问，就好比大海航行有了指南针一样，只要循着这一方向去找，一定能在最短的时间里到达大洋的彼岸－迅速捕捉要点。

此外，当对话题的具体内容感到迷惘时，我们还可以充分利用写作内容2）里的a) b) c)来帮助我们进一步定向。如实例2。

写好英语小作文技巧summary

本例中的主题是“改变世界还是改变自己”。那么我们可以分析这一主题：人什么时候需要做出这种选择——改变世界还是改变自己？当然是遇到困难或矛盾时。那么，主人公遇上了什么困难？最终是通过改变世界还是改变自己来解决难题的呢？

至此，还不知道如何预测的同学，不妨再进一步地利用后面的具体内容要点a) b)来预测如下：

1. 原文中主人公遇到（经历）了怎样的困难？

2. 他/她是如何应对的？是改变世界还是改变自己？

与单纯地通过主题/话题来进行预测而言，这一种预测方法（利用写作内容2里的各小点）更适合记叙文体的阅读材料。

2. 分析文章结构，准确捕捉要点 有了“指南针”之后，捕捉短文要

点就容易多了。那么，如何才能快速、准确地捕捉到文章的要点呢？

首先，从文体入手。一般来说，读

写任务里的阅读材料按文体可以分成两种：议论文和记叙文。议论文有三要素，即论点、论据、论证，文章的整体结构多数为总分结构、分总结构、平行结构等。因此，我们通常可以去第一段或最后一段找论点。

如实例一，论点就在第一段开头找

到：Mixed-ability teaching can do good to bright children. On the contrary, streaming students have many disadvantages.

再看实例二，这是一篇记叙文，我们要找出它的四要素：快就找出来了。 其次，从过渡语入手。如实例一中，Besides就是一个很好的guide, 因为它通常表示并列或递进的关系，它后面的it is to their intellectual ability 很明显是讲的是streaming pupils的缺点，那么在它前面必然还有至少一个缺点。再从第一段的disadvantage看起，就可以迅速找出它的另一个缺点，即have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child as they develop differently. 而这就是论据了。第三段一开头，就用了In our classroom， 有具体的地点，那么，一看就知道是在举例了，且举的是Mixed-ability teaching所带来的好处的例子。

在捕捉到文章的要点之后，接下来就是要理清他们之间的逻辑关系，再找到适当的连接词，自然衔接，使之成为一个连贯的语段。如实例一可以用图表

示如下：

写好英语小作文技巧summary

写好英语小作文技巧summary

写好英语小作文技巧summary

写好英语小作文技巧summary

写好英语小作文技巧summary

写好英语小作文技巧summary

写好英语小作文技巧summary

____ reasons

理清要点之间的逻辑关系之后，不能简单地照搬原句，还必须进行适度的要求。那么，如何才能达到“雁过不留痕”的效果呢？

(1)同义替换。即用同义或近义的词语或句型改写，如实例一中的 ” 和 “academic ability”就可以用grades(成绩)来替换；grade pupils according to 则可用

judge/group pupils by替换； “It does not take into account the fact” 可以变为It fails to consider that…

(2)语态互换。即主语语态与被动语he later agrees to take the suggestion to…就可以用它的被动语态来表示：he was later persuaded to… (3)非谓语动词短语与从句的互换。如实例二中there was a king who ruled a rich country就可以用there was a king ruling a rich country来表达。 (4)合并句子。就是将几个意义联系disadvantages in streaming pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. ②Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability.就可改为Streaming pupils not only neglects the different rates of students’ development, but also is unfair for them judging only by their grades.

由于字数有限制，所以在写summary时还应采取一些必要的手段来进行精“兵”裁“员”,减少字数。惯常采用的方法有：

(1)主谓缩写。如they will→they’ll; we are→we’re; should not→shouldn’t; can not→can’t等。 (2)句式省略。如When he crossed the the road. If they’re corrected too much=if corrected too much. (3)使用代词或含有替代含义的词。king wanted to cover the road with leather to protect his feet. A servant advised the king not to cover the road and just make a pair of shoes for himself. Finally the king agreed and made shoes for himself. 这时，我们可以利用代词将其改写如下：Once a king wanted to cover the road with leather to protect his feet, but he was persuaded not to do he made a pair of 四、避免误区

如实例一中 “学校不该分班”是

“骨”，“为什么不该分班”则是“肉”。如果光只写了Streaming pupils shouldn’t be adopted in schools.则为有“骨”无“肉”；如果写成Streaming pupils not only neglects the different rates of students’ development, but also is unfair for them judging. only by their grades.则成了有“肉”无“骨”。这两种写法都属于“骨” “肉”分离的典例。

“不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子”的要求。因此，我们一定要在扎实地进行一句多译的题型训练之上，学会利用上面所介绍的方法或是其它方法来对材料中的观点进行适当的诠释，灵活的变化。

点，客观地转述其要点，不要强加自己的观点。避免这种嫌疑的最佳方法就是在文首加上这样的字眼：According to the passage/the author…

五、备考策略

1．过好三关

(1)阅读关

首先，要加大阅读量，减少在考试中遇到不熟悉话题的几率。其次，学生还需掌握一定的阅读技巧，对于不同文体的阅读方式要做到心中有数。

(2)表达关

在平时的学习中，一定要巩固单词和固定短语的记忆，灵活运用五种基本句型的，以及复合句、非谓语动词、省略句的使用等等。多进行一句多译的训练，养成用英语写日记的习惯，或一周写几篇作文的习惯，或用英语和同学对一些身边发生的焦点问题进行讨论的习惯等。

(3)书写关

要特别关注自己的书写及卷容。在同等优秀的作文面前，书写工整漂亮，卷面整洁干净的肯定是占绝对优势的。

2. 积累模板 要注意归纳和积累summary中常用

的句式或模板。如议论文的概要通常可以如此开头：

The essay/passage/author highlights the importance of encouragement for

students. The essay/passage/author argues in support of …, stating that …

The essay/passage/author argues that we must not only value those who come first or are the best in any field but

the others whose effort push them to success. The essay/passage/author discusses the impact of email. The essay/passage/author compares friendship with the comfort of home.

The essay/passage/author outlines the harmful effects of smoking. 而记叙文的概要则可以从以下模板

中选择：

The passage/story is about a misunderstanding between a student and a teacher.

The author tells us a story about a ________. The passage is a story about ________. According to the passage, the hero in the story ________.

总之，我们相信Where there is a will, there is a way. 和Practice makes perfect.不管这种新题型有多难，只要掌握了正确的方法，再以坚韧的毅力勤加操练，那么，我们就一定会写出精美的摘要和优秀的作文来。

责任编校 蒋小青

 

第二篇：英语小作文宝典

英语小作文宝典

1. 咨询信.必背模版句型

includes for $158.00 round trip air fare to San 多年来我一直很满意你们的服务，但behavior. For one thing，his friends are Diego，plus accommodations for four days 现在我非常失望。

constantly visiting him；for another，he

I wonder if you could tell me and the three nights at the Glorious Hotel， and I would like to draw your attention regularly makes calls at night. In additionto ，he information about??

one day’s use of a rental car with unlimited the problem/fault??

often uses my things without asking for my

我想请问您是否能告诉我有关??的mileage. Therefore，I would be grateful if you 我想让您知道这个问题/错误?? permission. Under such circumstances，I find 消息。

could supply me with the following I am writing to inform you that it difficult to concentrate on my studiesI ，and I

find?? unsatisfactory.

am falling behind in my assignments.

I am writing for the information information. about??

我已经同阳光旅行社谈过了他们的旅 我写信是为了告诉你我发现??令人 我之所以对我现在的室友不满是因

为他毫不顾及他人的行为。一方面，他老

wish

to

express

是有朋友来访；另一方面，他夜里经常打my

我写信时想知道关于??的消息。行套装， 158美金圣地亚哥双飞游，包括在非常不满意。 I would be forever grateful if you could 光辉酒店4天3夜的住宿费及一天的不限 send me information concerning??

I

里程的租车服务。因此如果你能为我提供dissatisfaction/disappointment about?? 电话。另外，他经常不经过我允许就用我

我想表达我对??的不满/失望。 的东西。在这种情况下，我很难专心学习，

如果你能将关于??的信息发给我，以下信息，我将不胜感激。 我将不胜感激。

Please let me know whether you do It would be highly appreciated if 现在我的成绩已经下降了。you

I believe you will agree that the only solution is for me to move into a room of my

I would like to know whether you indeed have such an arrangement with budget can could??

provide me with information regarding??traveling of San Diego，the tour promoter. 如果你能??我将万分感谢。 我想知道你是否能提供我关于??的Are 信息。

there

any

surcharges

or

time I trust you will take my complaints own，where I will be free from these kinds of

distractions. I would be very grateful if you

restrictions？We are tentatively planning seriously andto ??

I wish to request materials for?? take our vacation in early June. 我想要关于??的资料。

我相信你会认真对待我的投诉，并could arrange a single room for me，

preferably not in the same building.

你们是否真的有圣地亚哥自助游且??

I’d very much appreciate your advice 的项目。阳光旅行社的收费是否过高？这 I hope you will give due attention to this 我相信您肯定同意惟一的解决办法就on such matters as how to contact the officers 个项目有没有时间限制？我们初步打算在matter. who would be willing to assist??

6月初去度假。

是我搬到单独的房间，那样就没有什么干

希望对此事你能给予足够的重视。扰了。 如果您能帮我安排一个单独的房间，

如何联络那些愿意帮助??的官员，请您提供建议，我将不胜感激。

Thank you in advance for your I would like to get this matter settled by 最好不要在目前这个楼里，我将万分感谢。

Sincerely yours，

您真挚的

assistance and hope to hear from you soon. the end of this month.

对于你的帮助提前表示感谢，希 我希望能在月底解决这事。

Would you be so kind to tell me??？ 你可以告诉我有关??？

望能够尽快收到你的回复。

Yours truly，

I could not be more satisfied if you can Tom Williams kindly??

汤姆·威廉姆

I look forward to your immediate response.

我期待着你的及时反馈。

Diana Moore 你们忠实的：黛安 如果你能??我将会非常满意。 3.建议信 必背模版句

娜·摩尔

I would appreciate it very much if you I would like to suggest that??

我想建议??

I am writing to express my views concerning??

我写信来是要表达有关??我的看法。

Your attention to this letter would ================================be could?? highly appreciated.

感谢你对此信的关注。 I am waiting for your quick reply. 我在等待你的快速答复。

=============== 2. 投诉信 .必背模版句型

如果你能??我将非常感谢。 3.必背经典范文

I am writing to make a complaint Dear Sir or Madam， about??

亲爱的女士或先生：

Thank you in advance for your 我写信是为了投诉?? cooperation/assistance. 提前谢谢你的帮助。

3.必背经典范文

I am writing to inform you that I wish to You have asked for my advice with

I am most reluctant to complainmove into a new room next semester. I would ，regard to?? and I will try to make some but??

我非常不愿意投诉，但??

like to have a single room， because I find suggestions. the

present

sharing

arrangement 你问我有关??的事情，我会尝试着

提出一些建议。

One annoying aspect of your service inconvenient. ==========================

==

Dear Sir or Madam， 亲爱的先生/女士：

is??

我写信来是告诉您下学期我想搬到 If I were you，I would??

你们的服务项目中一个令人不满的地一个新房间。我想要一个单独房间，因为 如果我是你，我会?? 方是??

我觉得现在这样合住非常不方便。

It seems to me that you could??

I have talked to the Sunshine Travel I have been pleased with your services I am dissatisfied with my present 我认为你可以??

Agency about their vacation package，which for years，but now I feel very disappointed. roommate because of his inconsiderate I think it would be more beneficial if

you could?? sickness. the position you advertised. the job described in your ad in today's Daily

我想如果你能??，可能会更好。 不要把锻炼看成是浪费时间。锻炼可 对于你们在广告中所招聘的职务，我sounds tailor made to my abilities and I believe you will take my advice into 以增强你的身体素质，使你更有精神。运高兴地感到自己有资格申请。 account.

experience.

动一两个小时可以增加你的学习效率。只 I would like to apply for the vacancy 我正在寻求一份秘书的工作。我相信

外企5年秘书工作经验应该使我有能力胜任贵公司的秘书职位。事实上，贵公司的

我相信你会认真考虑我的建议的。有有了强健的身体才能高效的学习而不觉 of??

I hope you will find these 疲倦，否则疲劳或疾病就会影响学习。 我想申请??这个空缺职位。

proposals/suggestions/recommendations I am not advising you to devote all your I am writing this letter to recommend 招聘广告上的要求我完全能够达到。 practical/useful/helpful.

time to exercise. What I want to say is myself that as a qualified candidate for the job

Throughout my career I have

for

my

employers for

an

我希望这些建议/意见/看法对你来说exercise is as useful and important as your of?? 实用/有用/有帮助。

demonstrated

study. I hope you can take at least one hour ’ s 我认为我是??工作的合格人选，所exceptional facility meeting

I will be more than happy to exercise every day after you are recovered. I see 以我写信推荐自己。 improvements in this regard.

organizational objectives and demands. My

would be more than happy to see you have a I welcome increasing responsibilities in duties as an executive secretary have

a quick-paced setting.

included the routine obligations plus

如果这方面有所改善我会非常开心stronger body. 的。

我并不是劝你把时间都用在锻炼 我愿意在快节奏地环境中承担更多的extensive experience in communication with

and traveling to foreign countries.

I will be ready for further discussing this 上，我只是想说锻炼和学习一样，同是有责任。 matter into details.

益而且是重要的。我希望你复原后能每天 Should you grant me a personal 在我工作期间表现出了良好的个

人能力。我的工作除日常职责外，还包括

我时刻准备着就此事进行更详尽的讨至少锻炼一个小时。看到你有个强壮的身interview，I would be most grateful. 论。

3.必背经典范文 Dear Mary， 亲爱的玛丽

体，我会非常高兴的。 Sincerely yours， 你的朋友： John

如果你能给我面试的机会，我将不胜与各方面的联系及出国业务等。 感激。

The attached resume details my business

Thanks for considering my application and academic background.

and I am looking forward to your reply. 附件中的简历详细描述了我的学业和 谢谢您考虑我的申请，期待着你的回工作经历 复。

I look forward to hearing from you. I can be reached at 6578-9988 during the days

I am sorry to hear that you have been ill 约翰 for days and hope you have got better now. 译文

You have studied so hard that you have 4.had 。申请信 必背模版句型

no time for exercise. This is harmful for your I am writing in response to your If you need to know any more about and 2220-0009 after 6 p.m. health. You have been in poor health these advertisement in Beijing Today of August me，please contact me at?? years. I feel it would be more beneficial 6??to

我期待着你的回复。我的联系电话：白

如果你想了解我的更多信息，请??天—6578-9988；6点后— 2220-0009.

Thank you for your consideration of my

your health if you could take more exercise 我看到了8月6日贵公司的招聘广告，联系我。 in future.

于是写信??

Any favorable consideration of application. my Hope to meet you in the near

future.

听说你近来病了许多天，使我感到 Your advertised position of sales application would be appreciated. 很不安。但愿你现在好些了。由于你平时manager interests me??

感谢您对我的申请的积极考虑。 感谢您考虑我的申请。希望能尽快和

您面谈

Yours sincerely，

您的诚挚的：

Li Na

李娜

5. 介绍信 2.必背模版句型

I am writing to introduce Gao Jian，one

学习太累了，缺乏运动的时间，这对你的 我对你们招聘销售经理的广告很感兴 I have enclosed my resume. 健康很不利。这些年来你身体一直不好，趣，所以??

我已将简历附上。

我想如果你今后多参加体育活动肯定会对 The requirements outlined in your ad 3.经典范文 身体有很多好处。

in?? for a general manager assistant appear to mesh almost exactly with my own.

Dear Mr. Moore， 亲爱的摩尔先生： Re：Secretary Position 回复：秘书职位

Do not think that time spent in exercise 我本人的条件与你们刊登在XXX上is wasted. Exercise can improve your 的招聘广告中所要求的总经理助理的各种physical constitution and refresh the mind. 条件完全吻合。

I am actively seeking a secretary of my college classmates in Beijing.

After one or two hours of exercise you can I think I am the right person for the job opportunity in a demanding and fast paced 我写信是要介绍我在北京时的大学同study better. Only when you have a strong you advertised，because??

office. And I believe five years experience 学高建。

body can you keep on studying without 相信我是你们招聘职位的最佳人选，as secretary to the president of an Please allow me to introduce one of my felling fatigue. Otherwise your study will be 因为??

international corporation will qualify me best friends to you. for

interrupted from time to time by fatigue or I am glad that I feel quite qualified your for executive secretarial position. In fact ， 请允许我向您介绍我最好的朋友。

I am very glad to have this chance help find rental quarters for herto ，I'll be very 3.必背经典范文 write to you??

grateful.

Dear Ruth，

between us.

可别让我们之间存在哪怕一点点的误解。

很高兴能有这次机会给您写信?? 因为这是他第一次到国外工作，所以 亲爱的鲁思

The bearer of this is Mr. Zhang whom I 他可能会面临很多问题，尤其是住房问题。 I offer my warmest congratulations on Please forgive me for a stupid choice of personally know to be a most deserving 他希望您能帮他参谋并找到一个合适的公your promotion to Vice President of words. the person for your position.

寓。您在那里已经生活了十多年，对那里company. I know how talented you are and

这里介绍的张先生，我个人认为是这一定非常熟悉。如果您能帮他找到住处，how hard you've worked to attain this goal. 请原谅我的用词不当。 个位置最好的人选。

我将非常感谢

No one could have been more deserving. I feel badly sorry about it and want you

I take pleasure in introducing to you the Thanks for your due attention to How this exciting it must be for you to realize to know what happened. bearer Mr. Huang.

很高兴能向您介绍黄先生。

letter and hope to receive your reply soon. your ambitions after all those years of hard 我为此感到非常内疚，所以想让你知Many thanks to the trouble you will have working. to It's been a real encouragement 道实情。to

me to see your efforts rewarded.

Please accept my apologies for my

Thanks for your attention and hope take for Mr. Johnson. to receive your reply.

谢谢您对本信给予的关注，希望能尽 听说你当选了公司副总裁我表示热oversight.

谢谢您的关注，希望能收到你的回复。快收到您的回复。烦劳之处，万分感激 烈的祝贺。我知道你很有天赋，而且为了 请原谅我的疏忽。 It would be appreciated if you can give Yours sincerely， her some help.

如能蒙您帮忙将不胜感激。

您的诚挚的： Zhang Hua

实现这个目标你付出了很大的努力。没人 Please allow me to say sorry again. 比你更应该得到这个职位。这么多年的努 请允许我再次表示歉意。

力终于得到了回报你该多么高兴啊。你的 I sincerely hope you can accept my 成功对我来说是个莫大的鼓励。

apologies and understand my situation.

I would be most grateful if you could 张华谨上

lend due attention to this letter and contact 6. 祝贺信 .必背模版句型 me at??

Sincere congratulations to you. Your 我真心希望你能理解我的处境，并接

Congratulations，all of us feel proud of expertise and dedication will bring out 受我的道歉。the

best of everyone on your staff. They're Once again，I''m sorry for any

inconvenience caused.

如您能对此信给予一定的关注your remarkable achievements并！ 用??和我联系，我将非常感谢。

祝贺你，我们都为您所取得的巨大成learning from a real professional.

In addition，I want to express my sincere 就感到骄傲。 thanks for your attention.

另外，真诚的感谢您的关注。 3.必背经典范文 Dear Mrs. Miller， 亲爱的米勒夫人：

真诚的祝贺你。你的专业和奉献将使 再一次，我为所有的不便表示歉意。

I am so pleased and happy to hear 公司所有员工都能发挥自己最佳水平。他 3.必背经典范文 that??

听到??我真的非常高兴。

们是在学习一个真正的专业人士 I wish you still further success.

Dear professor Jackson： 亲爱的杰克逊教授：

I am indeed very sorry that I missed the examination you gave on Moby-Dick last Wednesday. I feel badly about it and want you to know what happened.

对于上周三错过了《白鲸》一课的考试我深表歉意。我很内疚，所以希望您

I write to congratulate you upon?? 预祝你取得更大的成功。 我写信来祝贺你??。

Sincerely yours，

I'm writing to introduce to you Mr. I offer you my warmest congratulations 你的朋友： Wang，one of my high school classmates in on your??

Ma Lin

Beijing. He is presently working for Lenovo 对于你的??我表示热烈的祝贺。 马林

Technologies and is going to be transferred to We are just as proud as can be of you 7. 道歉信 必背模版句型 its branch in your city next month.

and send our congratulations.

I would like to give you my apology 能知道到底发生了什么。

On my way to class that day，I had a flat tire，and I had to go with the mechanic when

我写这封信是为了介绍我在北京的 我们为你感到由衷的自豪！祝贺你！for?? 高中同学小王。他现在联想科技公司工作， I wish you still further success！ 下个月他将被调到您所在城市的分部工作 预祝你取得更大的成功。

对于??我向你道歉。

Please accept my sincere apology he repaired it. It took me more than one hour

to get it done. A copy of the bill is enclosed.

Since this will be the first time for him We look forward to bragging about you for?? to work in a foreign country，he will possibly in the years ahead.

请接受我关于??的真诚道歉。 那天上学的路上，我的汽车爆胎了。

be faced with many problems，and especially 我们希望在未来的岁月中能骄傲地谈 I am indeed very sorry for what 我不得不去找汽修工一起修理，花了一个I the housing problem. He hopes to obtain your 起你。 guidance and help in finding a good

said/did，but believe I had no intention 多小时的时间才修好。我已经将账单放在to

附件中。

Please accept our most sincere insult you.

apartment to live. You've been living there congratulations and very best wishes for all 对于我说的话/做过的事，我确实感到 I sincerely hope you can accept my for more than 10 years，so you are surely the good future in the world.

很抱歉。但请相信，我并非要故意侮辱你。apologies and understand my situation. I

familiar with things there. If you can kindly 谨向你表示祝贺和最良好的祝福。 Let''s not put a little misunderstanding would appreciate your allowing me to take a

make up examination. I will come to your 没什么能抹掉我们美好的记忆，我们working with people. Your help really means is an important occasion for our family，and office during your office hour on Monday to 会永远铭刻在心。

discuss this possibility with you. Once again ，Thanks again for your kind help. I''m sorry fro any inconvenience caused. 对你的帮助再次表示感谢。

a lot to me and anyone who in trouble as as you are a close friend of us，my parents well.

and I do hope you can come and share our

继续你们美丽的事业吧。你们的帮助joy.

我真心希望您能理解我的处境，并接 My true gratitude is beyond any words 对于我和其他需要帮助的人来说有着非常 我打算于20xx年7月14日（星期五）受我的道歉。我希望你能给我一次补考的description.

重要的意义。

在我家举行一个晚宴，庆祝我母亲60大寿。这对我们全家来说是一件大事，作为我们全家的好朋友，我们真诚地希望你能来参加，分享我们的快乐。

The party will start at seven o'clock in the evening. There will be a small musical soiree，at which a band will perform some popular and classical songs at first. At around

机会。星期一上班时间，我将到您的办公 任何语言都不能表达我的真挚谢意。 Affectionately， 室和您谈这件事的可行性。我为造成的不 Please accept my thanks，now and 你们的朋友： 便再次表示歉意。

Sincerely yours， 您的学生：

Alice 艾丽丝

8. 感谢信 必背模版句型

always.

请永远记住我的谢意。

Wang Fang 王芳

Your help is very much appreciated by 8. 邀请信 .必背模版句式 each one of us.

我们每个人都非常感谢你。 3.必背经典范文

I am writing to invite you to?? 我写信是想邀请你??

I think it would be a great idea if eight o'clockyou ，we will start our dinner，during could participate in??

which we can talk and laugh together. And

I am writing to express my thanks Dear staff， for??

亲爱的全体工作人员：

我想如果你能参加??将是一个非常then all the friends will take some photos

together.

晚宴将于7点开始。首先会有一个小型的演奏会，届时我们将欣赏到乐队演奏

我写这封信是为了表达我对??的谢 I am writing to show my sincere 好的主意。 意。

gratitude for all of you. Now that I am home I wonder if you can come??

I would like to convey in this letter and on my own again I feel extremely happy. my 我在想你是否能来参加?? heartfelt thanks to you for??

During the time I lived at the Rehabilitation How would you like to join us in??？的流行和古典歌曲。 8点左右我们开始用

餐，朋友们可以随便聊天欢笑。最后所有

在信中我要为??表达我真挚的谢center and was under your tender care ， I 你想不想来参加我们的??？ 意。

promised myself I would write a letter of Would you please drop me a line to let 的朋友们一起照相作为纪念。

me know if you can come to??？

I know you have been busy these days，

Thank you so much for the gift you sent thanks as soon as I was able.

me. It's one of the most wonderful gifts I ever 我写这封信是为了表达我对你们的真 你可以打电话来告诉我你能but I do hope you can make it否，my family and got.

诚感谢。现在我又可以一个人在家了，我来??？

I look forward to the pleasure of your

非常感谢你给我寄来的礼物，这是我真的非常高兴。我在康复中心接受你们的 My family and I would feel much company. 收到的最好礼物之一。

关照时，就已经决心只要一有时间就给你honored if you could come.

我知道你最近很忙，但我真的希望

Many thanks for all the good things you 们写感谢信了 have done in helping us to??

如果你能来我们全家都将感到不胜荣你能来，我们全家都在期待着你的光临。

Yours affectionately， 你的老朋友： Gao Hui

Abundant thanks to each one of you for 幸。

非常感谢您为帮助我们??所做的一your patience，expertise and genuine concern. I really hope you can make it. 切。

It was you who helped me believe in myself 我真的希望你能来。

and gave me assurance that I could walk We would be looking forward to your 高慧

9. 私人信函

（Letter）是用以交涉事务、增进了解、

I would like to take this opportunity again. to I would never forget each word coming with great pleasure. you express my great appreciation for your timely said to me and the things you have done to 我们高兴地期待着你的到来。 help and assistance.

me. Forgive me for the times I lashed out at I would like to meet you there 联络友谊、交流思想的重要工具。英语信and

我谨借此机会感谢您给予我们的及时you in frustration and thank you please let me know your decision soon. for 函主要包括私人信函（Personal Letters）和帮助和支持。

understanding and remaining firm with me.

我希望能在那见到你，请早点让我公务信函（Business Letters）两大类。公务

信函，一般用来处理或讨论重要事务，包括邀请信（Invitation Letter）、感谢信（Thankyou Letter）、道歉信（Letter of Apologies）、祝贺信（Letter of

On behalf of my whole family，I would 对于你们每个人的耐心、专业精神和知道你的决定。 like to extend my sincere gratitude for??关心我表示深深地感谢。是你们使我相信 3.必背经典范文 我谨代表我全家对??表示真诚的感自己能够站着走路。你们说的每一句话、 Dear Jane， 激之情。

做过的每一件事我都不会忘记。请原谅我 亲爱的简：

Nothing will be able to erase 在受挫时对你们大发脾气，谢谢你们的理our I am going to have a dinner party at my Congratulations）等。按照一般的格式英语wonderful memories，we will nurture them 解和对我的严格要求。 forever.

house on July 14，2006 （Friday）信函主要由六个部分组成：信头、信内地 to

Never stop your beautiful way celebrate my mother's 60 year old birthday. It of 址、称呼、正文、结句、签名；有的信函

还包括附言和附件部分（常用P.S.表示） 。 How time flies！And it's five months And now I have passed the exam and 我的种种情谊，我至今记忆犹新。我永远feel 信头（Heading）

since you left. Do you know how we have very relaxed as if a heavy burden has been 都不能忘记你给我的友好照顾，如帮我拎

removed. I can't help waiting to write to you 皮箱。你肯定想不到这段日子以来我是多

么地想念你。

信头由发信人地址和发信日期两部分been missing you lately？

组成，通常写在第一页的右上角。行首可 光阴似箭！一晃我们分别已经5个月and so here I am.

以缩进去写，也可以齐头写；行尾可用也了。你知道我们最近有多想念你吗？ 我为这么长时间没有给你们写信而感 From a recent letter from Mr. Chin I am 可不用标点符号。值得注意的是，英语书 Thanks for your letter on June 1st. 到抱歉，恐怕你们都认为我把你们和家人I'm glad to learn that you have returned to the 信中的地址与中文正好相反，应该由小到now answering your letter and telling you my 都忘了吧。其实我真的非常想念你们，但University. I hope you have been getting 大，先写门牌号码、街名，再写城市名、opinion.

这些日子我在忙着准备考试。现在考试通along well with your life and studies. I am

州（省）名、邮编、最后再写国名。如： 感谢你6月1日的来信。我现在给你过了，我感觉如释重负，迫不及待地要提sending you under separate cover a copy of No. 256，Chaoyang Street Beijing，100069，China

回信，说说我的看法。

笔给你们写信。

the latest issue of Times. I hope you will find

You have no idea how excited I was What about Dad's health？Is he it interesting and useful for your English. still

日期的写法英、美两种格式都可以，when I received your letter！I was nearly coughing at night？I have been worrying 近日从陈先生的来信得知你又回到大英国顺序为“日、月、年”，美国顺序则为crazy！ “月、日、年”，如： 27 Sep.，2006（英） Sep. 27，2006（美） 信内地址（Inside Address）

about it. The last day I saw an advertisement 学上学了，我非常高兴。希望你生活和学

你一定想不到收到你的来信我是多么on a newspaper introducing a new kind 习都很满意。现另包寄上最近出版的《时of 地激动！我几乎都快疯了！

syrup which is said to have magic effect 代》杂志。相信你看后一定会觉得有意思，on

It is hard to believe two years have coughing. I have bought one bottle and sent it 并对你的英语学习有帮助的。

passed since I left Beijing for Japan. How are back home by post. Have you received it ？ I would greatly appreciate hearing from

What about the effect？

you soon.

包括收信人的姓名和地址，一般置于you going on these days？

信纸的左上角。在私人信函中，这一部分 真没想到转眼间我离开北京来日本已 爸爸的身体怎么样？晚上还咳嗽吗？ 期盼尽快收到你的回信 经常省略。其格式和发信人的姓名、地址有两年了。你最近怎么样？ 一样。

称呼（Salutation）

我一直非常担心。前几天我在报纸上看到 Yours sincerely， 一则广告，其中介绍了的那种咳嗽药，据 Wang Ning

I am delighted to hear you will 说有奇效。我已经买了一瓶寄回去了。你be 王宁

称呼位于收信人地址之下的一至二coming to Beijing and will be able to visit my 们收到了吗？效果怎么样？ 行，顶格写起，自成一行。在私人信函中family.

Please write to me soon，I am eager to 10. 备忘录 .必背模版句型

I have the honor to inform you that??

后面用逗号，在公务信函中则用冒号。 听说你要来北京，还要来我家玩我非hear from you. 正文（The Body of the Letter） 信件的主要内容。

常高兴。

尽快给我回信好吗？我早就想收到你 我很荣幸地通知您??

I would like to remind you that our office is in want of a new English typewriter. 我想提醒您一下，我们办公室急需一部英文打字机。

I have several proposals for cutting down the cost.

关于降低成本我有几个建议。 In response to your request for?? I have to inform you that we can not approve it.

I am looking forward to hearing from 们的信了。

Your daughter，

结句（Complimentary Closure） you soon.

类似于中文中的“此致”“敬礼”这类 我期待着能够很快收到你的回信。 Li Hua 的话，主要是一些套语。一般是正文结束 Be sure to write soon. I am eager to hear 女儿：李华 隔两行另起，独立成行，位于信纸的右角，from you. 也可以略居中右方。 签名

记得要早点回信，我很想早点收到你 （范文2） 的来信。

June. 3，2006 20xx年6月3日 Dear Mr. Liang， 亲爱的梁先生

写信人的名字一般签在结尾语下面一 3、必背经典范文 至二行处。在私人信函中只需亲笔签名就 （范文1） 可以了，而在公务信函中，发信人的亲笔签名应该写在结尾套语和打印的姓名之间。

Aug. 12，2006 20xx年8月12日

It is almost half a year since you saw me 对于你??的请求，我不得不告诉你off. I can still vividly recall the impressive 我们不能批准。

scenes you gave. And I could never forget This is further to your memo dated June

Dear Mum and Dad，

以上几点是英语信函的共同特征。为 亲爱的爸爸妈妈：

了考生更好地掌握英语信函的写法，下面 I am sorry for not having written to you what affectionate care you showed me 6by ，2006，in which you proposed that 几部分将详细讲解私人信函和公务信函的for such a long time. I am afraid you must helping me carry my suitcase. You can't employees adopt the "punchin" system. 具体写法，并为考生提供了经典句型和范think I have forgotten you and the whole imagine how I have been missing you these 回复你20xx年6月6日关于员工实行文。

2.必背模版句式

family. Actually I really miss you，but I have days.

打卡考勤制度的备忘录。

been busy preparing my exam these days. 自从分别以来，已有半年时间。你对 The board of directors approved your

proposal at the meeting last week. 一地点观看。 This article reviews the techniques used to the central regions of the country began to

be a serious problem. The slow wagons of 董事会在上周的会议上通过了你的建 If there's any problem about inthis ??

议。 arrangement，please let me know. 这篇文章综述了??领域采用的技that time，drawn by horses or oxen，were too

expensive for moving heavy freight very far. I believe these changes will decrease the 如果对此安排有什么问题请通知我。术。

product cost. Jane Larson The writer of this essay tries Americans to had long admired Europe's

explore??

本文作者试图探讨?? canals.In New York State a canal seemed the best solution to the transportation 我相信这些改革会降低成本的。 简·拉森 Please let me know your response C. Stan Clark to

these suggestions. 抄送：斯坦·克拉克 The aim/purpose/objective of this paper problem.From the eastern end of Lake Erie

is to determine?? all the way across the state to the Hudson 我想知道你对于这些建议的看法。11. 摘要和报告 必背模版句型

Please feel free to contact me if you This paper mainly deals with?? 本文的目的/目标是为了决定?? River there is a long strip of low land.Here need further information. 这篇论文主要是写?? 3.必背经典范文 the Erie Canal was constructed. After several 如果需要更多信息请随时与我联系。 This article focuses on the topics of 将下面这篇约500词的原文按要求写years of work it was completed in 1825. I highly appreciate your considerations （that，having，etc）??

to these proposals. 这篇文章的强调的主题是?? 成约150词的摘要。 原文： The canal produced an immediate effect.Freight costs were cut to about 我期待你能考虑一下这些建议。 This essay presents knowledge that?? How New York Became America's one-tenth of what had been.New York City，

3.必背经典范文

To：Carl Fowler

收件人：卡尔·福勒

From：Jane Larson

发件人：简·拉森 这篇短文主要是讲关于??的知识。Largest City which had been smaller than Philadelphia This thesis discusses/analyzes?? In the 18th century New York was and Boston，quickly became the leading city 这篇论文讨论/分析了?? smaller than Philadelphia and Boston.Today of the coast.In the years that followed， This paper provides an overview of??it is the largest city in America.How can the transportation routes on the Great Lakes were 这篇文章综述了?? change in its size and importance joined be to routes on the Mississippi

River.Then New York City became the end 主题：电影日程安排Subject ：

Scheduling the film

Date：March 13，2006

日期：20xx年3月13日 This article compares??explainedand ？ summarizes key findings. To answer this question we must point of a great inland shipping system that 这篇文章比较了??并总结了主要的consider certain facts about geographyextended from the Atlantic Ocean far up the ，发现。 history，and economics.Together these three western branches of the Mississippi.

This paper presents up-to-date will explain the huge growth of America s The coming of the railroads made canal

most famous city. shipping less important，but it tied New York We'd better rearrange the showing schedule for next week's film. information on??

我们最好能够重新安排下周电影的播 这篇论文介绍了关于??的最新信 The map of the Northeast shows even that more closely to the central regions of 放时间。 息。 four of the most heavily populated areas the in country.It was easier for people in the As you know，we are going to show the This article not only describes??this but region are around seaports.At these central states to ship their goods to New York film，The Smiths，next week in the projection also suggests?? points materials from across the sea enter the for export overseas.

room，which holds only fifty people 这篇文章不仅描述了??而且United States建，and the product of the land are Exports from New York were greater comfortably without overcrowding. It is 议??not sent there for export across the sea. than imports.Consequently，shipping big enough for the whole staff to see the film This paper provides a method of ?? Economists know that places where companies were eager to fill their ships with at the same time. So I suggest we show the 这篇为??提供了方法。 transportation lines meet are good places for passengers on the return trip from

raw materials into finished Europe.Passengers could come from Europe film in different times. For example，we can This paper introduces an applicable making

arrange 40 people to see the film there procedure to analyzeon ?? goods.That is why seaports often have cities very cheaply as a result.

Tuesday at 3：00 p.m.，and the remaining 40 这篇文章介绍一种分析??的可行程nearby.But cities like New York needed more Thus New York became the greatest port on Thursday at the same time. 序。 than their geographical location in order for receiving people from European countries. to

great industrial centers.Their Many of these people remained in the 你知道我们打算下周在放映厅播放 This paper is devoted to examining become the

《史密斯夫妇》这部电影，但放映厅只能role of?? development did not happen simply city.Others by stayed in New York for a few

weeks，months，or years，and then moved to 同时容纳50人。我们的员工不能同时看电 这篇论文致力于研究??的作用。chance.

影。所以我建议在将放映时间选在不同时 This paper reflects the state of the art About 1815，when many Americans other parts of the United States.For these 段。比如，40人在周二下午3点在那里看in?? from the east coast had already moved great number of new Americans New York 这部影片，剩下的40人在周四同一时间同 这篇论文展示了??目前的情况。toward the west ，trade routes from the ports had to provide homes，goods，and

services.Their labor helped the city be come May I have your approval of??by the said that a committee would be set up 像样的文章。只有读过大量东西，并且有to

great.

摘要 end of this month？ determine the cause of the collision. 意识地将其中精彩部分储存于记忆之中 月底之前我能得到您就??的批准 船运部门发言人说会成立事故调查小(commit the highlights to memory)，才能保吗？ 组彻底调查事故原因。 证下笔流畅、文通字顺。因此，背诵对于

写作极为重要。但背诵不是机械记忆，而

是有选择性的背诵，是有意义的记忆。因

为机械背诵的结果要么是记忆很快就荡然

无存、了无痕迹，要么是无法活学活用、 How New York Became America's We will fulfill the task ahead of time. Sincerely yours， Largest City 我们将提前完成任务。 你诚挚的： New York was once smaller than Upon the request of the committee， we Li Nan Philadelphia and Boston，but now it have conducted the report. is

America's largest city because of geography，

history and economics. 李楠 应委员会的请求，我们完成了这份13. 英语：考研英语写作高分十字真经付诸实践。背诵包括五个方面：重点词汇、 英语的书面表达一直以来就是英语学常用套语、精彩句子、优秀段落、经典篇

习的瓶颈。在此，笔者向各位学习者提供章。

突破英语写作的十字建议，即研习、背诵、 3重点词汇

默写、互译、模仿，概括出培养写作能力 美妙的用词及搭配皆在此列，像fall

的五个方面，如能严格遵循，定能柳暗花victim(受害)，stand a fair chance(大有希望)

明。 这种地道的动宾搭配要勤加记忆。为了积

累写作词汇，应将文中同属一个话题的用报告。 New York was located at the seaport 3.必背经典范文 where materials were imported to the US and To：Mr. Johnson the products of the US were sent abroad 收信人：约翰逊先生 across the sea.The city was further developed From：Li Nan when the Erie Canal was completed in 发信人：李楠 1825.This linked Lake Erie to New York via Subject：Ship Accident off West Coast of 1研习

the Hudson River and the cost of transporting The Yangtze River，No Casualties. “没有规矩，不成方圆。”对于一般英词汇总归纳，组成主题词族(topic family)。goods to those who had settled inland was cut 主题：长江西岸撞船事故，无伤亡语学习者而言，写出优秀的文章有赖于后 归类记忆可以使自己日后即写即用，得心down.In addition，the Great Lakes were soon Date：April.4，2005

linked to the Mississippi.Later，railroads tied 日期：20xx年4月4日 天习得，但并不意味着机械背诵、生吞活应手。下文是一篇阐释爱心的优秀文章，剥，或者照搬照抄、人云亦云。所谓研习，多处用词精巧，现将文中关于爱心这一主New York closer to the central states，whose Yesterday evening two boats collided in 需要有独立思考和个人的判断，本着“他题的词汇总结如下：

goods were exported via New York.Fewer thick fog in The Yangtze River not far from 山之石，可以攻玉”的精神，汲取文章的 emotional strength情感的力量

goods were imported，so cheap passages were Wu Han. One was a cargo ship carrying 精华部分加以研究。研习主要侧重两个方 the noblest of human emotions人类最available from Europe.New York became the lumber，apparently on its way to The Yangtze 面，包括文章章法和语言表达。文章章法高尚的情感

main port for receiving Europeans，many of River. The other was a National ferry on 指文章的行文思路、布局谋篇、结构安排、its no thought of gain不计得失 whom stayed in the city and helped it become regular run from Jiu Jiang to Wu Han.

great.

12. 报告 必背模版句型 逻辑顺序。许多学习者面对一个话题，可 the lamp of love爱心之灯 昨晚在距武汉不远处，长江上的两艘能存在两种不同的困惑，一是下笔千言， help the victims of natural disasters支援船在浓雾中相撞。其中一艘为装运木材的但离题万里；二是思绪万千，却无从落笔。自然灾害受害者

The report is hereby made to ask for the 货船，正向长江驶来；另外一艘是国家渡导致两种困惑的根源皆在于欠缺思考问 donate whatever they can倾囊相助 approval of the board for the solution of the 船正从九江到武汉正常航行。

problem. 题、组织思路的恰当方式，以至于文章不 help their needy fellow citizens帮助有 However，because of the weather 得要领、章法紊乱。这就要求我们从全篇需要的同胞

请董事会批准这件事的解决方案。conditions ，the captains did not realize 脉络角度多研习范文，之后领悟如何以演the be ready to give a helping hand随时准 This report will summarize??

本报告将总结?? danger until a few seconds before 绎法行文、怎样用归纳法谋篇以及如何围the 备伸出援手 collision took place. Consequently，there was 绕特定话题拓展思路等等。此外，研习还When we use the word "love", we do The report provides an introduction no time for them to prevent the accident. 要侧重于语言表达，包括遣词造句和句子、not simply mean an attraction to a person of to??

本报告介绍了?? 但是由于恶劣的天气，船长知道撞击段落之间的各种衔接手段，以期在自己日the opposite sex, which is a very narrow 发生前几秒才意识到危险。 结果根本没有后的写作中派上用场，因为英文写作皆通definition of the word. Love is emotional

一理。只有善于借鉴，勤加研究，才会借strength, which can support us no matter how The operation on?? is under smooth 时间避免事故的发生。

way.

??的运行很正常。 Fortunately，there were no casualties 他人的优势和长处，提高自己的写作水平。dark the world around us becomes. In fact, among the crews or passengers，but both 2背诵 throughout history people of many different This report only provides guidelines ships suffered badly damages.

they can use to assess their own needs. 背诵是提高写作的又一有效途径。要cultures have regarded love as the noblest of 幸运的是船员和乘客都没有伤亡，但学好写作，首先要处理好语言输入与输出human emotions.

之间的关系。前者是后者的前提条件。如 当我们用“爱”这个词时，我们不仅仅 本报告尽为他们评估自身需求提供一船的损害相当严重。

些指导。 A spokesman for the port authorities 果头脑空空如也，就根本谈不上写出像模指异性对一个人的吸引，这只是对这个词

非常狭隘的解释。爱心是一种情感的力量，语的基本模式，使表达规范得体。下面试the familiar surroundings of his own home 精彩句子指文章中句式优美、蕴含哲不论我们周围的世界多么黑暗，爱心都能举几个例子： and when he can arrange his own study time. 理的句子。精彩句子的背诵有助于写作时

支撑我们。事实上，纵观历史，不同文化 Kindly favor us with an early reply.请早关于在家学习，我们可以提出两个主要论的引用和模仿。如在阅读美国前总统约背景的人都把爱看成是人类最高尚的情日赐复。

感。 点。第一，由于电子媒体方面取得的进步翰·肯尼迪(John F. Kennedy)的就职演说 Your prompt reply will be highly 把整个世界的知识通过互联网和电视上的(Inaugural Address)时，可以记住诸如“Ask

As an example of the power of love, appreciated.如能及时回复，将不胜感谢。教育课程带入了家庭，教室不再是惟一获 not what your country can do for you, ask we should remember how the Chinese people We look forward to hearing from 取知识的场所。第二，人们普遍认为，在you what you can do for your country.”(不要问of all nationalities respond to the call to help soon.早日回复。 自己家里这样熟悉的环境中，并且能自己国家能为你做什么，而要问你能为国家做the victims of natural disasters every year. We are expecting your prompt reply.安排学习时间，一个人能学得更好。急 什么。)这样的传世佳句，当你写关于爱国Although their incomes are still low 盼回复。by But we must not lose sight of the (patriotism)fact 主题的作文时，则可以适时引international standards, people all over the Please have the kindness to answer that this there are advantages to studying in 用。现仍以上面谈“爱心”的文章为例，the

country do not hesitate to donate whatever letter quickly.请早日回信。 classroom, too. Being surrounded by people 其中值得背诵的句子为数不少。摘录如下： they can—be it money or goods—to help Kindly let us have your reply at your of roughly the same abilities and interests can ①Love is emotional strength, which can their needy fellow citizens. Moreover, they earliest convenience.请在您方便时尽早赐be a great stimulus to acquiring knowledge, support us no matter how dark the world do this with no thought of gain 函。for

themselves. whereas studying in solitude at home around us becomes. is We would appreciate it if you could boring for many people. More importantly, 爱心是情感的力量，不论我们周围的

说到爱心的力量，我们马上就会想respond right away.如能即刻回复，将不胜感there can be no substitute for a good teacher, 世界多么黑暗，爱心都能支撑我们。

起每年中国各族人民是如何响应号召支援谢。

自然灾害受害者的。尽管按照国际标准他 who must not only be able to impart facts and ②People all over the country do not theories, but also to appraise and encourage hesitate to donate whatever they can—be it

money or goods—to help their needy fellow 们的收入还处于低水平，全国人民毫不犹 当前流行应试写作模板，即套语的使his students.

豫地倾囊相助——不管是钱还是物——帮用贯穿文章始终，为考生提供万能公式型 但是，我们不能忽视在教室里学习citizens.

助那些有需要的同胞。而且，他们这么做的文章主架，每句表达皆由固定套语框定，也有好处这一事实。周围都是能力相近和 全国人民毫不犹豫地倾囊相助——不并不考虑自己的得失。 考生只要背下套用句型、过渡词语，在考兴趣相投的人可能会对获取知识形成巨大管是钱还是物——帮助那些有需要的同

In my opinion, the best way to show 试中根据特定考题填充具体内容。这种应的刺激，而对很多人来说孤独一人在家学胞。

love is to help people who are more 试策略使写出的文章矫揉造作，生硬刻板，习会有些枯燥乏味。更重要的是，没有什 ③The best way to show love is to help unfortunate than we are. We should always 虽可以让考生及格过关，但绝对得不到高么可以替代一个好老师，他不仅能够传道people who are more unfortunate than we be ready to give a helping hand to those who 分。套语的过多使用不妨可以比作大海中授业，而且能够评估并鼓励学生。 are.

are in trouble, no matter whether they 的救生圈，有了它，仅仅可以让不擅游泳are Given the choice between these two 表达爱心的最好方式是帮助比我们更family members or complete strangers. 者保全性命，却无法自在畅游，一展泳姿。In methods of learning, I prefer the classroom. 加不幸的人

this way, we can help to make the world 一般而言，套语较为空洞，如使用过多，a This is because I am the sort of person who ④The darker the shadows of sorrow better place, for the darker the shadows 文章容易流于空泛，言之无物。写作宜虚of finds it difficult to concentrate on study in the become, the more brightly the lamp of love sorrow become, the more brightly the lamp 实结合，形式与内容相统一。下例是一篇midst of household chores, and disturbances shines.

of love shines. 比较在家学习与入校读书谁优谁劣的范from visitors and telephone calls. The 悲伤的阴影越黑暗，爱心之灯的光芒 我认为，表达爱心的最好方式是帮助文，文中巧妙地使用了一些固定句式和过classroom environment, I feel, is the only one 就越闪亮。

比我们更加不幸的人。我们应该随时准备渡词语，不仅增强了表达效果，而且实现in which most people feel comfortable 6优秀段落

向有困难的人伸出援助之手，无论他们是了形式与内容的统一。

家庭成员还是素昧平生。这样，我们就能applying all their energies to the 阅读时，我们经常会碰到一些过目难There are two major arguments all-important task of acquiring knowledge. that 忘的段落。这些段落或者表达流畅、文笔

够助一臂之力把世界变成一个更美好的地can be made for studying at home. First, as 如果在两种学习方法中选择，我更喜优美，或者逻辑缜密、结构严谨。根据表方，因为，悲伤的阴影越黑暗，爱心之灯advances in the electronic media have 欢在教室里学习，因为我是那种很难在家达需要，有不同的功能段落，如现象说明的光芒就越闪亮。

4常用套语 brought the whole world of scholarship 务琐事、客人、电话的打扰下集中注意力into 段、观点陈述段、原因列举段、利弊解释the home via the Internet and educational 学习的人。我认为大多数人只有在教室里段、结论归纳段、趋势预测段、措施建议 套语指流行的公式化语言，在写作中courses on TV, the classroom is no longer the 才能把全部精力放在获取知识这件十分重段等。有些优秀段落可以作为写作的功能适当使用颇有必要。如在商业信函结尾，only place for acquiring knowledge. Second, 要的工作上。

期望对方早日回复的表达方式就要遵循套it is widely held that a person studies better in 5精彩句子 段落加以背诵，对于我们拓展思路、规范行文大有裨益。在背诵过程中，熟练掌握

各种功能段落的行文规则，自己在表达时得更为紧迫。毫无疑问，解决问题的关键because it relieves loneliness—that terrible suffer.

就能驾轻就熟。下面仅举观点陈述段和措是建立稳固的经济基础。与此同时，应该loneliness

施建议段各一例。 in which one shivering 爱和知识，只要有可能，通向着天堂。重视整体的社会进步，改变社会保障、福consciousness looks over the rim of the world 但是怜悯总把我带回尘世。痛苦呼喊的回 观点陈述段(陈述“民族文化应该成为利和服务的落后局面。除此之外，应该鼓into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. 声回荡在我的内心。忍饥挨饿的孩子，惨I

世界文化”的观点) 励家庭照料和社区服务。 have sought it, finally, because in the union 遭压迫者摧残的受害者，被儿女们视为可

of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the 憎负担的无助的老人，连同这整个充满了 A culture of one nation may become 7经典篇章

international, which is beneficial for all 古往今来，英语宝库中涌现出大批经prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints 孤独、贫穷和痛苦的世界，使人类所应有mankind. Since China has opened its doors 典佳作，如林肯的《葛底斯堡演说》(The and poets have imagined. This is what 的生活成为了笑柄。I 我渴望能够减少邪恶，widely to the outside world, many people Gettysburg Address)，福克纳的诺贝尔奖演sought, and though it might seem too good 但是我无能为力，而且我自己也在忍受折from different countries want to visit China. 说(Banquet Speech)，海伦·凯勒的《给我for human life, this is what—at last—I have 磨。

They will come to accept and love Chinese 三天光明》(Three Days to See)。这些文章found. This has been my life. I have found it culture as a whole. In addition, Chinese 在文字的运用上技法高超，在思想内涵上 我寻找爱，首先是因为它使人心醉worth living, and would gladly live it again if culture should be shared generously with 寓意深刻，读来字字珠玑，文字优美，启神迷，这种陶醉是如此的美妙，使我愿意the chance were offered me.

foreign people, who show great interest in it. 迪心智，含义隽永(full of exquisite words 牺牲所有的余生去换取几个小时这样的欣 这就是我的一生。我发现它值得一过。Meanwhile, as more and more foreigners and truth, satisfying the mind, appealing 喜。我寻找爱，还因为它解除孤独，在可to 如果再给我一次机会，我会很高兴地再活come to China, they bring aspects of their the heart)。这样的文章如不能熟读成诵，怕的孤独中，一颗颤抖的灵魂从世界的边则它一次。(方舟子译)

own culture to share with the Chinese people. 无法融会贯通。背诵一定数量的经典名篇缘看到冰冷、无底、死寂的深渊。最后， 8. 默写

In this way, people from various nations 既有助于提高自己遣词造句的能力，也有in 我寻找爱，还因为在爱的交融中，神秘而 默写也是提高写作的一个重要环节，the world will be able to acquire a better 助于加强自己表达思想的深度。下面的一又具体而微地，我看到了圣贤和诗人们想即把背熟的东西付诸纸端。这个过程不仅understanding of each other and 篇短文是英国哲学家罗素live (Bertrand Russell)象出的天堂的前景。这就是我所寻找的，是为了检验自己的记忆效果，更为重要的peacefully together. 自传的序言部分，题为What I Have Lived 而且，虽然对人生来说似乎过于美妙，这是训练正确的书面表达能力。在英语学习

中，我们少有机会动笔写英文，长期以来， 一个国家的文化可能成为世界文化，For(我的人生追求)，概述了作者一生追求也是我终于找到了的。

这对全人类都有益。由于中国已经向外界的三种理想，文章在语言和思想两个方面 With equal passion I have sought 手笔生疏，导致提笔即错。再者，由于受敞开了国门，许多来自不同国家的人都希都堪称经典，值得背诵。

望来看一看中国。他们会开始接受并喜欢 What I Have Lived For

整个中国文化，中国文化应该大大方方地 我的人生追求

让感兴趣的外国人分享。与此同时，随着 Three passions, knowledge. I have wished to understand 汉语思维和习惯的种种影响，在潜意识里the hearts of men. I have wished to know why 容易犯一些英语表达错误。普遍存在的语the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend 言错误包括主谓一致、时态处理、冠词用simple the but Pythagorean power by which number 法、名词单复数形式、单词拼写等，尤其来中国的外国人越来越多，他们也把他们overwhelmingly strong, have governed holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but my 在单词拼写方面，很多人混淆词性，把自己的文化带给了中国人。这样，世界各life: the longing for love, the search not much, I have achieved. for society, economy, difficulty写成social, 国的人们就能够更好地相互理解、和平相knowledge, and unbearable pity for the 以同样的激情我探索知识。我希望能economic, difficult；再如字母位置错误，将处。 suffering of mankind. These passions, 够理解人类的心灵。我希望能够知道群星like true, tired, modern写作ture, tried, morden； 措施建议段(建议“人口老龄化”的解great winds, have blown me hither and thither, 为何闪烁。我试图领悟毕达哥拉斯所景仰诸如此类。这些看似微妙的错误如果不加决措施) in a wayward course, over a deep ocean 的数字力量，它支配着此消彼涨。仅在不of 以有意识的克服，可能会发展为根深蒂固

的习惯，成为写作中的重大弊病。通过默 The rapidity of the population's aging anguish, reaching to the very verge 大的一定程度上，我达到了此目的of

has made it more urgent for the adoption despair. of Love and knowledge, so far as they 写，写出曾经记诵过的段落字句，之后自countermeasures. No doubt, the key is to 有三种简单然而无比强烈的激情左右were possible, led upward toward 我查验、批改，发现并纠正在动笔中的错the

build a solid economic foundation. 了我的一生：对爱的渴望，对知识的探索heavens. But always pity brought me back to 误，可以有效克服自己潜意识中的英文错Meanwhile, importance should be attached to 和对人类苦难的难以忍受的怜悯。这些激earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate 误，提高实际写作时的熟练和准确程度。in overall social progress by changing 情像飓风，无处不在、反复无常地吹拂着the my heart. Children in famine, victims 9. 互译

backward situation in social security, welfare 我，吹过深重的苦海，濒于绝境 tortured by oppressors, helpless old people — 能够在英汉两种语言之间自如转换是and service. What's more, family care and I have sought love, first, because a hated it burden to their sons, and the whole 英语学习的一个至高境界。尝试英汉互译，community

encouraged. services should also brings ecstasybe —ecstasy so great that I would world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a 即把英语文章翻译成地道汉语，间隔数日often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a mockery of what human life should be. I long 再将汉语翻译回英文。英文和汉语在表情 人口老龄化的加速使采取应对措施变few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, to alleviate the evil, but I can't, and I 达意方面存在着诸多差异，可惜学习者往too

往观察不足，领悟不深。通过互译训练，比较异同，可以强化我们对两种语言之间差异的认知，可以加强英语表达能力。在复原成英文的过程中，词汇表达、句式结构、段落组织、篇章布局等各个方面、多个角度都得到复习。同时，可以有效避免中国式英语在作文中的出现。中式英语在书面表达中屡见不鲜，根源在于学习者受到汉语表达和中式思维的制囿。英汉互译有助于冲破两种语言习惯的壁垒，有助于超越两种语言思维的障碍，有助于思维与表达取得和谐的统一，有助于将中文的思想地道流畅地传达为英语语言。互译的实质在于巧妙地借翻译手段促进英语的创作性表达。

10. 模仿

在自己写文章时，应有意识地调用以前的积累，正向迁移，融入自己的写作，包括语言表达、文章章法、写作技巧等，最终达到学以致用的目的。如果记忆中有像“Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more.”(不是我爱凯撒浅，而是我爱罗马深。)这样的经典名句，当写作有关英语学习的文章时不妨模仿这个句式: Not that we can't master English, but that we have not been willing to take pains. (不是我们不能掌握英语，而是我们不愿付出努力。)正如学好书法常要描红，学好绘画常须描摹，写好文章则需要模仿。Beauty imitated is beauty recreated. (模仿美就是创造美。)赋予经典的表达以新的内涵，这也是一种创新。模仿他人目的在于提高自己。模仿与借鉴为写作所必须。总之，Good writing favors the prepared mind. (好的写作总是照顾那些有准备的人。)

英语写作能力的真正提高有赖于上述概括为十字的五大策略，望朋友们勤之勉之，将其融入自己的学习实践，打下坚实的语言基础，真正实现从阅读到写作的飞跃，达到英语读写能力的完美统一。逐步积累，有所准备，需要之时就可以手到擒来，应对自如，使英文写作成为自身的一项技能。

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