Though people are born and raised in specific cultural backgrounds, it is through critical reasoning and innovative decisions their identities are conceived.

John Marshall, probably the most influential Chief Justice in the United Sates, is a perfect example for changing the traditions and creating an identity for himself. By the time Marshall took over the seat of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, the judicial branch was no more than a court that dealt with daily trifles and was obliged to travel long distance to sit in on rulings of inferior courts. However, Marshall established a stronger judiciary, one that can effectively limit the powers of the executive and legislative branches. In the case Marbury vs. Madison, Marshal altered history by innovatively interpreting the Constitution such that the Court was given the power of judicial review. Because of this ruling, Marshal broke away the ideals of British court and formulated a unique American court system that would be an independent force of the government. In a sense, Marshal not only established himself as the most influential Chief Justice, but also created a powerful identity for the Supreme Court. But for his innovative interpretation of the Constitution and his critical ruling, Marshal probably would have remained an anonymous figure like many of his predecessors did.

Another example of forming identity through actions is the late economist Milton Friedman. After the Great Depression, most liberal governments adopted the economic theory of John Maynard Keynes—the so-called demand-side economics. Friedman, however, had his own view of this dynamic, globalizing economy. He was not afraid to assert his own opinions and challenge the demand-side stronghold. He did not agree with the Keynesian theory that insufficient demand was the culprit of the Great Depression. Through critical reasoning and analysis, he contended that inappropriate monetary policies were the main cause. His ideas were implemented as his students went back to Chile and carried out Friedman’s supply-side economics as Chile’s fiscal policy. In the following decade, the Chilean miracle—an astounding growth rate—that resulted from Friedman’s ideology gained world attention. Friedman also became the most influential economist of his time. In 1976, Friedman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics for his innovation in the economics field and a German newspaper called him “Der Konterrevolutionar” to illustrate his revolutionary theory.

As shown in Marshal and Friedman’s experiences, we sometimes have to break away from the traditions we inherit from the past and formulate our own policies from knowledge, critical thinking, and, most importantly,

implementation. Through innovation and novel ways of thinking can we have our own identity in the pages of history.

 

第二篇：图片分析范文

《一缕阳光》---摄影作品分析

这是一幅生活题材的人文纪实作品，这是其组照作品中的一张。画面中，一名小朋友站在走廊一边的窗口，一缕阳光从窗口射入，照亮了小孩子的眼睛。他身后的走廊也因为光线的照射，明暗交错着。这是一幅很美好的生活场景，小孩子面带微笑。他向往阳光，向往美好的生活！

作者拍摄时，采用了经典的黄金分割点构图法，把画面主体-----小孩子，放在了右侧的黄金分割线位置。这不仅仅可以是画面吸引观众的注意，也更突出了趣味中心。另外，这幅作品也运用了开放式构图。画面中，小孩子的目光指向画面外，也同时引领着我们不由得思考引画面外的场景。这引发了人们的对小孩子内心的思考，带领我们走进他的世界。

画面的主体突出是这幅作品的亮点，作者采用了较长焦距的镜头拍摄，不仅仅压缩了空间，提炼的画面的主题，还虚化了背景突出了主体。另外，较大的光圈的使用，更是虚化了背景，缩小了景深，进一步突出了主体。这幅作品在结构上采用了中景景别，焦点控制在小朋友的脸部范围内，保证了主体的细节，包括发丝，脸颊皮肤质感等部分，十分生动的刻画了一个小朋友的神态，

在用光方面，点光源是整张照片的主题和亮点。光线来自于右前侧，偏重于侧逆光方向，光线较为硬朗，使得小朋友的脸部十分有立体感。光比适中，使得脸部暗部的细节也比较丰富。而背景中，光景明暗交错变化。画面下半部分的处于阴影中，上半部处于亮部。整体反差较大，画面略显生硬，不过在与主体人物的衔接上恰到好处，使得人物的轮廓均匀、明显。摄影师运用了各种手法，突出了主体，技巧过人，效果也是十分完美的。

这幅作品也运用了黑白是色调，这是一种简化的效果，黑白灰的过渡勾勒出了一个明确的主题，一缕阳光。阴影是黑色的，过渡是灰色的，阳光照射的部分呈现出高亮的白色。正是这些简单的色彩简化了画面，但细节依旧丰富，这也是这幅作品所吸引人的地方。

总的来说，这幅作品内容新颖，对主题《一缕阳光》的表现十分生动。光线的控制更是恰到好处。主体突出，细节丰富也是这副作品的亮点。