Western Blot 实验计划完整版

Western Blot 实验计划完整版

一、SDS-PAGE

1、分离胶的配制

10% 10%

30:0.8丙烯酰胺/双丙烯酰胺 2.67 mL 4.005mL

去离子水 3.33 mL 4.995mL

分离胶缓冲液(4X) 2.00 mL 3.00mL

8.00 mL 12.00mL

10%(w/v)APS(现用现配) 45μL 67.5μL

TEMED 12μL 18μL

2、压缩胶的配制

3%

30:0.8丙烯酰胺/双丙烯酰胺 0.75 mL

去离子水 3.00 mL

压缩胶缓冲液(4X) 1.25 mL

5.00 mL

10%(w/v)APS(现用现配) 30μL

TEMED 8μL

先制备蛋白样品,后灌注压缩胶,压缩胶灌注后应在20~40min内使用。

3、蛋白样品的制备

蛋白样品 8μL

上样缓冲液(loading buffer/laemmili buffer) 12μL

煮沸5min

冷却至室温

短暂离心

之后可加样,加样孔的深度至少为5~8mm。

拔出梳子后,如加样孔有气泡,可向其中加入适量电泳缓冲液将气泡驱除 从烧水开始,蛋白样品的制备大约需要35min

4、电泳

压缩胶电压:80V(10mA)

分离胶电压:120V(20mA)

当溴酚兰指示剂到达凝胶底部时,即停止电泳。

5、染色

考马斯亮蓝染色液35min,摇床摇动(为获得最大分辨率,5%凝胶染色2小时,10%凝胶染色4小时)

用清水反复漂洗几次

高甲醇脱色液25min,摇床摇动(也可用7%(v/v)冰乙酸)

低甲醇脱色液,摇床摇动

二、Western blot

1、润湿

准备6张Whatman 3#滤纸、一张硝酸纤维素膜,尺寸与凝胶大小相仿,先放入水中3分钟,

放入转膜缓冲液中5分钟。

2、起胶

将凝胶从电泳槽中取出,放入转膜缓冲液中10分钟

3、三明治的制作

按以下顺序放置:3层Whatman 3#滤纸、凝胶、硝酸纤维素膜、3层Whatman 3#滤纸 切记:每层之间用滴管将其中的气泡全部赶出,决不允许气泡存在。

4、海绵的润湿

用转膜缓冲液将海绵润湿

5、转膜

将凝胶面与负极相连,硝酸纤维素膜与正极相连。(100V,1小时)要放于4℃。

1. For transfer of proteins smaller than 20 kDa, transfer proteins from gel to

PVDF (polyvinylidene difluoride) membrane at 1Amp constant current for 45 mins or equivalent (250mAmp for 3 hours or 500mAmp for 90 minutes) in transfer buffer (25mM Tris, 190mM glycine, 20% MeOH).

2. For transfer of proteins smaller than 120 kDa, transfer proteins from gel to

PVDF membrane at 1Amp constant current for 1 hour or equivalent

(250mAmp for 4 hours or 500mAmp for 2 hours) in transfer buffer (25mM Tris, 190mM glycine, 20% MeOH).

3. For proteins larger than 120kDa, transfer to PVDF membrane at 1Amp

constant current for 90 minutes or equivalent (250mAmp for 6 hours or

500mAmp for 3 hours) in transfer buffer + SDS (25mM Tris, 190mM glycine, 20% MeOH, 0.05% SDS).

4. For Proteins larger than 250kDa, transfer to PVDF membrane at 1Amp

constant current for 1 hour and 45 minutes or equivalent (500mAmp for 3.5 hours) in transfer buffer + SDS (25mM Tris, 190mM glycine, 20% MeOH, 0.05% SDS).

Add transfer (or CAPS) buffer to the transfer unit according to manufacturer1s

directions. Transfer over night with a setting of 20V / 40 mA or for 3 hours at 70V/160 mA. The transfer process needs to take place under cold temperatures to prevent the gel from sticking to the membrane. This can be accomplished either by using a water cooling core in the transfer unit or placing the entire unit at 4. Please follow the manufacturer1s recommendations

6、清洗

将硝酸纤维素膜放入1X TBST中清洗3次,每次5分钟。摇床摇动。(这步忘了!)

7、封闭

1. Remove the blot from the transfer apparatus or staining tray and immediately

place into blocking buffer (1% BSA, 10mM Tris pH 7.5, 100mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween 20).

2. Incubate the blot for 1 hour at 37℃, 2 hours at room temperature, or overnight

at 4℃.

8、一抗孵育

一抗用TBST1:1000稀释,将硝酸纤维素膜放入其中,37℃孵育1.5小时,(或4℃过夜)摇床摇动。

Probe with primary antibody in TTBS/1% NFDM for 1 hr. at room temperature.

Primary antibody should be diluted as specified on product data sheets. If these values are not available, use the following guidelines for initial experiments: apply antisera or ascites at 1:500 to 1:5,000, apply purified primary antibodies at a concentration of 1 ug/ml.

9、清洗

将硝酸纤维素膜放入1X TBST中清洗3次,每次5分钟。

10、二抗孵育

二抗用TBST1:8000稀释,将硝酸纤维素膜放入其中,37℃孵育1小时,摇床摇动。

11、清洗

同13,之后,用1X TBS在清洗2次,每次5分钟,以洗去膜上的Tween 20,因为它可以阻碍底物的沉积。

12、显色

按如下配方配制显色液:

1mL水+1滴(大约50微升)试剂A(之后混匀)+1滴试剂B+1滴试剂C

将硝酸纤维素膜放入其中孵育,一旦显色,立即放入去离子水中终止反应。

? Perhaps the most common problem in western blotting is the occurrence of background staining. The best remedy for high background (in many cases) is simply to dilute the primary antibody further. Other solutions include ensuring that detergent is used in the blocking reagent, using an alternate blocking reagent (casamino acids, BSA, serum), and decreasing the amount of protein applied to the electrophoresis gel.

Occurrences of extra bands in the blot can be resolved by several strategies. Run a control blot omitting the primary antibody to determine if the secondary antibody is the source of the problem. Replacing the secondary antibody with a different lot or a similar reagent from a different source can provide resolution. Spurious bands below the targeted molecular weight suggest that the protein is being degraded in the experiment; inclusion of protease inhibitors can help.

No or low signal can be remedied by loading more protein in the gel or increasing the amount of primary and/or secondary antibody applied to the blot.

Some antibodies will not bind in the presence of detergent; consult the datasheet for each antibody prior to performing any procedure. ? ? ?

本实验所需全部试剂的配方:

SDS-PAGE

一、丙烯酰胺/双丙烯酰胺储液(30:0.8)1000mL

30%(w/v) 丙烯酰胺 300g

0.8%(w/v) 双丙烯酰胺 8g

加去离子水,至终体积1000mL。经0.22μm膜过滤。存于4℃暗处。

二、分离胶缓冲液(4X)

1.5mol/L Tris-HCL(pH8.0)

0.4%(w/v)SDS

500mL 1000mL

10%(w/v) SDS 20mL 40mL

加去离子水,至所需终体积。室温下用HCL调pH至8.0。经0.22μm过滤。存于4℃。

三、压缩胶缓冲液(4X)

0.5mol/L Tris-HCL(pH6.8)

0.4%(w/v)SDS

500mL 1000mL

10%(w/v) SDS 20mL 40mL

加去离子水,至所需终体积。室温下用HCL调pH至6.8。经0.22μm过滤。存于4℃。

四、电机缓冲液(4X)

0.1mol/L Tris

0.768mol/L 甘氨酸

4000mL 8000mL

甘氨酸 230.6g 461.2g

加去离子水,至所需终体积。不必调pH。此比例时Tris碱-甘氨酸的pH应为8.3。室温下存于大容器中。

五、SDS(10%;w/v)100mL

取10gSDS溶于去离子水中,至终体积100mL。室温下存于洁净瓶中。

六、电泳缓冲液(1X)

1/4体积的4X电泳缓冲液与3/4体积的去离子水混合。然后加1/100体积的10%SDS至终浓度0.1%(w/v)SDS。实例如下:

800mL

电极缓冲液 200mL

去离子水 592mL

10%(w/v)SDS 8mL

800mL

七、样品缓冲液(2X)储液 0.25mol/LTris-HCL(pH6.8)

4%(w/v)SDS

20%(w/v)甘油

痕量溴酚兰

配制此溶液时,应极小心,戴手套,并避免角蛋白(皮肤上即存在此蛋白)对缓冲液的污染。

100mL

压缩胶缓冲液(4X) 50mL

SDS(固体干粉) 4g

甘油 20mL

溴酚兰(溶液呈深蓝色) 2mg

加去离子水至100mL终体积。此缓冲液可室温下保存或等分冻干保存,但用前必须温热以确保SDS于溶液中。应保证反复使用此溶液的同一储液而不被污染。等分保存将有助于避免这个问题。

八、含2-巯基乙醇的样品缓冲液(1X)

用前配制样品缓冲液的工作液,稀释2X样品缓冲液,加入2-巯基乙醇至终浓度为5%(v/v)。例如:

2X样品缓冲液 100μL

去离子水 90μL

2-巯基乙醇 10μL

200μL

九、过硫酸铵(APS)(10%;w/v)

取3g过硫酸铵,溶于去离子水,至终体积为30mL。此溶液4℃下在短暂的数日内是稳定的,但建议,对每一组新胶均应新鲜配制。

十、考马斯亮蓝染色液(1000mL)

考马斯亮蓝R250 2.5g

甲醇 454mL

冰醋酸 92mL

去离子水 454mL

经Whatman #1滤纸过滤。

十一、高甲醇脱色液

1000mL 2000mL

甲醇 454mL 908mL

冰醋酸 75mL 150mL

去离子水 471mL 942mL

十二、标准(低甲醇)脱色液

1000mL 2000mL

甲醇 50mL 100mL

冰醋酸 75mL 150mL

去离子水 875mL 1750mL

Western Blot

一、膜转移缓冲液(Transfer buffer)

组分浓度:39mM Glycine, 48mM Tris, 0.037%(w/v)SDS, 20%(v/v)甲醇 配制量:1L

配制方法:1、称量下列试剂,置于1L烧杯中。

Tris 5.8g

SDS 0.37g

2、向烧杯中加入约600mL的去离子水,充分搅拌溶解。

3、加去离子水将溶液定容至800mL后,加入200mL的甲醇。

4、室温保存。

二、TBS(5X)

组分浓度:100mM Tris-Base, 0.685M NaCl

配制量:500mL

配制方法:1、称量下列试剂,置于500mL烧杯中。

Tris-Base 0.6075g

NaCl 20.0157g

2、向烧杯中加入约400mL的去离子水,充分搅拌溶解。

3、调节pH至7.6

4、加去离子水将溶液定容至500mL后,4℃保存。

三、TBST(Washing buffer)

100mL 5X TBS

0.25mL Tween 20

Q.S.to 500mL

四、Blocking buffer(1%BSA in TBST)

20mL 5X TBS

1g BSA

Q.S.to 100mL

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