雾都孤儿 读书摘记

读书摘记《雾都孤儿》

《雾都孤儿》读书摘记 查尔斯〃狄更斯是19世纪英国最伟大的小说家之一,出生于海军小职员家庭,10岁时全家被迫迁入负债者监狱,11岁就承担起繁重的家务劳动。曾在黑皮鞋油作坊当童工,15岁时在律师事务所当学徒,后来当上了民事诉讼法庭的审案记录员,接着又担任报社派驻议会的记者。他只上过几年学,全靠刻苦自学和艰辛劳动成为知名作家。

狄更斯1812年2月7日生于朴次茅斯市郊,1870年6月9日卒于罗切斯特附近的盖茨山庄。他凭借勤奋和天赋创作出一大批经典著作。他又是一位幽默大师,常常用妙趣横生的语言在浪漫和现实中讲述人间真相,狄更斯是19世纪英国现实主义文学的主要代表。艺术上以妙趣横生的幽默、细致入微的心理分析,以及现实主义描写与浪漫主义气氛的有机结合著称。狄更斯少年时因家庭生活窘迫,只能断断续续入校求学。后被迫到工厂作童工。15岁以后,当过律师事务所学徒、录事和法庭记录员。20岁开始当报馆采访员,报道下议院。1836年开始发表《鲍兹随笔》,这是一部描写伦敦街头巷尾日常生活的特写集。同年,陆续发表连载小说《匹克威克外传》,数期后便引起轰动。《匹克威克外传》初获成功后,狄更斯与凯瑟琳结婚,并专门从事长篇连载小说的创作。一生共创作长篇小说13部半,中篇小说20余部,短篇小说数百篇,特写集一部,长篇游记两部,《儿童英国史》一部,以及大量演说词 、书信 、散文、杂诗。他多次去欧洲大陆游历、旅居,两次访问美国,中年以后先后创办《家常话》和《一年四季》期刊两种,发现和培养了一批文学新人。

狄更斯生活和创作的时间,正是19世纪中叶维多利亚女王时代前期。

狄更斯毕生的活动和创作,始终与时代潮流同步。他主要以写实笔法揭露社会上层和资产阶级的虚伪、贪婪、卑琐、凶残,满怀激愤和深切的同情展示下层社会,特别是妇女、儿童和老人的悲惨处境,并以严肃、慎重的态度描写开始觉醒的劳苦大众的抗争。与此同时,他还以理想主义和浪漫

主义的豪情讴歌人性中的真、善、美,憧憬更合理的社会和更美好的人生。

《雾都孤儿》一书以主人公奥利佛?忒斯特的奇迹般的境遇书写了一个

自幼从济贫院长大的孤儿的成长历程。

本书开篇即是身怀六甲的艾格尼丝由于无法忍受别人的眼光而出走,

逃到一个不知名的小镇的教区,她本来是想去找孩子的父亲,爱德温?黎福特—一个在罗马继承了一笔可观财产的善良正直的绅士,一个对自己长子失去期望的只能将全部希望寄托在未出世的孩子身上的无奈的父亲。可刚走到这个小镇是孩子却要出世了,在一个年老护士莎丽的帮助下生下了一个小男孩,可年轻的艾格尼丝却因太过虚弱而离开人世,唯一可以证明孩子身世的戒指盒被贪心的老莎丽偷去了,留下可怜的小生命在世间挣扎。

顺理成章地,孩子被利姆斯金先生的济贫院收养了。可是济贫院收留

的人太多了,于是孩子就被教区寄养在科尼太太家—一个专门寄养孤儿的场所。送来孩子的教区干事邦布尔先生以自己独有的方式给孩子取名为奥利佛?忒斯特,在这个新家中,小奥利佛结识了幼年的玩伴狄克,和狄克一起度过了九个年头。

这一天,邦布尔先生突然造访科尼太太和孩子们的居所。并且带来了

一个好消息,那个没有经过洗礼的奥利佛要回到济贫院接受培训,成为一

个有用的人。

在济贫院里,奥利佛由于想多要一点吃的,结果济贫院想把他送人当学徒,于是扫烟囱的甘菲尔德先生就来了,要不是推事明智地拒绝了,估计奥利佛就可能死在某个烟囱里。

然后,教区又把他送到苏尔博雷先生的棺材铺做学徒,在棺材铺里,来自慈善学校的诺亚?克雷伯尔跟女仆夏洛蒂一直在欺负小奥利佛,老板娘苏尔博雷太太也帮着他俩,奥利佛处处忍让。直到一天克雷伯尔先生侮辱到他的母亲艾格尼丝时,他忍无可忍,就冲上去打了克雷伯尔,却被赶来的夏洛蒂跟苏尔博雷太太一起关进了地下室。由于苏尔博雷先生不在,克雷伯尔跑去找邦布尔先生帮忙。邦布尔先生赶到后说这是由于给小奥利佛吃了太多肉的原因。苏尔博雷先生回来后,本想偏袒小奥利佛,无奈他很怕老婆,在太太的严词下,小奥利佛被打了一顿。是夜,奥利佛决定出走,于是他来到大路上,决心去伦敦碰碰运气。

经过几个月的跋涉,小奥利佛终于来到了伦敦城。孤身一人在街市上游荡。这天他运气颇好,遇上了一个改变他命运的人——杰克?达金斯先生。达金斯把他带到斯皮达菲一幢旧式建筑中,这里住着一位和蔼的老年绅士——费金,在这里,奥利佛和新朋友们整天做游戏,过的很快乐。

终于,经过奥利佛的再三要求,费金允许他和机灵鬼达金斯一起上街,在一个书店门前,达金斯和查理偷了一位老绅士的手帕,奥利佛惊呆了,撒腿就跑,被众人当作小偷满大街追,最后被送到方先生的法庭上。

经过审讯,证明奥利佛是无辜的,那位老绅士看到可怜的小奥利佛,感到有种似曾相识的触动,于是把奥利佛带回家调养身体。在布朗罗先生

家里,奥利佛得到了细心的照料,身体日渐好起来了。

得知奥利佛被抓,费金心急如焚,生怕被奥利佛供出他们的事情,还有一件隐晦的事连奥利佛都不知道,就是爱德华?黎福特—即他的哥哥,也就是书中的蒙克斯一次在街上看到奥利佛后,为了独吞父亲的遗产,跟费金联手,想让奥利佛犯罪,成为一个罪人,继而剥夺奥利佛的继承权。

于是费金一伙派南希去把奥利佛找回来,凑巧布朗罗先生让奥利佛去书店还几本书,路上遇见南希跟赛克斯,把奥利佛又拐进了那个贼窝。

在一次与赛克斯一起的入室抢劫中,奥利佛被管家翟尔斯开枪击中,逃跑路上,赛克斯和托比因为慌乱,把奥利佛留在了一个河边。奥利佛于是被翟尔斯先生及布里特尔斯抓住。

女主人梅莱夫人请来罗斯波利医生为奥利佛治伤。痊愈后的奥利佛跟梅莱一家相处得相当融洽,但他却没有想到这家的另一位女主人竟是他未见过的姨母露丝?梅莱小姐。

南希良心发现后主动找到布朗罗先生告知她所知道的阴谋。由布朗罗先生主持谋划了一个证实奥利佛身世的计策,最终蒙克斯中计,供出了他与费金的诡计。

奥利佛得知自己的身世后,和姨母露丝紧紧相拥。费金的犯罪团伙也宣告解散。

在这本书中,以犹太人费金为首的犯罪团体有小偷,有强盗,也有善良的人,这说明人在被逼无奈时可能会沦落为一个邪恶的罪人。全书以奥利佛的一系列遭遇表现出了作者对残酷的现实生活的批判,及对人善良本性的追求。

这本书给我的第一个感触就是:看着这本书,好几次泪水打湿了我的眼睛。不仅是为了小奥利弗的悲惨遭遇,更是为他的善良,南希和其他小扒手的无奈,甚至是老犹太费金。书中每一个人都有这鲜明的性格。奥利弗虽是书中的主人公,但我觉得奥利弗不是他一个人,而是孤儿院里的所有孤儿甚至是所有的在苦难中的孩子,也许他们最后都没有奥利弗的幸运,但奥利弗的幸运也只是作者对于生活的美好希望,在当时年代更多的人只能是拥有奥利弗的朋友狄克的悲惨结局。“这个孩子面色苍白,瘦骨如柴,面颊凹了进去,眼睛显得又亮又大。拼命省料的教区施衣——他的贫儿号衣——在他弱不禁风的身上仍显得宽松肥大;他幼嫩的身体却像老人一般干枯了”这就是狄克的真实形象,可以说是所有贫儿的形象,迎接他们的只有死亡。看到这,我哭了,眼泪并不能起到什么作用,但至少代表着触及灵魂的感触。

在书中并不起眼,但是不能没有的人就是女扒手南希,她的形象是世上母亲的形象,看到可怜的而有善良的小奥利弗,她不顾背叛他所爱的人赛克斯,也不顾自己冒着被抓,被处以绞刑的危险,为小奥利弗逃出悲惨的生活,最后惨死于赛克斯的棍棒之下。没有太多对于南希的描写,但是她的内心世界读者能略微感受得出来:无助,愤怒,矛盾。她与习艺所的曼太太形成了鲜明的对比。可憎的曼太太贪婪地剥削着那些可怜的小生命,却从来不为自己的行为感到可耻,也许我们也不能太多地责怪于曼太太,生活的残酷造就了人们的残酷。只是在一些勇敢的人心中残存的那一点善良给予了我们那么一点感叹,但是最后的命运仍逃脱不了悲惨的死去。

这本书给我的第二个很深的感触就是主人公小奥利弗的勇敢的精神,虽然在黑暗的习艺所里饱尝了生活的艰辛,但是并没有给这么一个美好的心灵蒙上灰

尘。由于饥饿他向干事提出需要一碗稀粥时,被那些干事认为“这孩子将来一定会被绞死。在当学徒的时候他面对人们对于他母亲的羞辱,奋起反抗。他啊也许是由于初生牛犊不怕虎,竭尽全力反抗着。后来逃亡到伦敦后,纯洁的心灵让人们感到可笑。其中有一段话让我记忆尤深“那些都是老先生的,在我还热病快死掉的时候,是那位好心的先生把我带到他家里去,照看我养好了病。哦,求求你们把这些都送回去吧,把书和钱还给他。你们要我一辈子待在这儿都可以,我只求你们把这些东西送回去,不然他们应定会以为我逃跑了的,你们可怜可怜我,把书和钱送回去吧”这是小奥利弗被抓后说的话。我不禁被他维护尊严的行为所打动。一个人活着就要有尊严。

这本书给我第三个很深印象的就是作者的写作手法 个性化的语言是狄更斯在人物塑造上运用得十分出色的一种手段.书中的流氓,盗贼,妓女的语言都切合其身份,另外狄更斯的语言中充满了讥讽的韵味。仿佛一个人的表情中带着辛酸的笑,让人读完之后不禁无奈的一声叹息。

合上这本书我没有太多的感慨,只有一个:人活着只要不断地向这梦想前进,不需要顾虑太多,不要向命运低头,命运永远在我们手中。

 

第二篇:雾都孤儿 读书报告 书评 Book report of Oliver Twist

1015010305 英语3班 吴冰姿

Book report of Oliver Twist

——analysis of symbolism in Oliver Twist

Type of work

Novel

Point of view

The narrator is third person omniscient, and assumes the points of view of various characters in turn. The narrator’s tone is not objective; it is sympathetic to the protagonists and far less so to the novel’s other characters. When dealing with hypocritical or morally objectionable characters, the narrative voice is often ironic or sarcastic.

Setting

In the 1830s, London and environs; an unnamed smaller English city; the English countryside

Tone

Sentimental, sometimes ironic, hyperbolic, crusading

Foreshadowing

The truth about Oliver’s parentage is foreshadowed by the portrait in Mr. Brownlow’s house, by the locket that Old Sally has stolen, and by Monks’s pursuit of Oliver.

Major conflict

Although Oliver is fundamentally righteous, the social environment in which he is raised encourages thievery and prostitution. Oliver struggles to find his identity and rise above the abject conditions of the lower class. Theme

To criticize the failure of charity and the idealization of countryside, and to remind people of the purity in a corrupt city.

Style

Realistic romanticism

The story is about an orphan, Oliver Twist, who endures a miserable existence in a workhouse and then is placed with an undertaker. He escapes and travels to London where he meets the Artful Dodger, leader of a gang of juvenile pickpockets. Oliver is led to the lair of their elderly criminal trainer Fagin, naively unaware of their unlawful activities.

The setting of this novel is fog in London as the background. It uses the complex plots and characters show the British social reality, and uses exaggeration and irony reflects the dark side of society. At the same time, everywhere in the work embodies the romantic, the author uses the kind-hearted of a gentleman to show fantasies and hopes of the society.

The author who himself was born in a poor family wrote this novel in his twenties with a view to reveal the ugly masks of those cruel criminals and to expose the horror and violence hidden underneath the narrow and dirty streets in London.

Oliver Twist was thrown into a world full of poverty and crime. He suffered enormous pain, such as hunger, thirst, beating and abuse. While reading the tragic experiences of the little Oliver, I am really impressed by his kind-hearted and lenient. And it is so adamant of him after being through all the twist. What he has been through is just like his name, and I have to say the author is really adept at using symbols. This novel is full of symbolism. For the characters’ names, they have their own meanings. The names of characters represent personal qualities. Oliver Twist himself is the most obvious example. The name “Twist,” though given by accident, alludes to the outrageous reversals of fortune that he will experience. Rose Maylie’s name echoes her association with flowers and springtime, youth and beauty. Toby Crackit’s name is a lighthearted reference to his chosen profession of breaking into houses. Mr. Bumble’s name connotes his bumbling arrogance; Mrs. Mann’s, her lack of maternal instinct; and Mr. Grimwig’s, his superficial grimness that can be removed as easily as a wig.

London Bridge is another symbol. Nancy’s decision to meet Brownlow and Rose on London Bridge reveals the symbolic aspect of this bridge in Oliver Twist. Bridges exist to link two places that would otherwise be separated by an uncrossable chasm. The meeting on London Bridge represents the collision of two worlds unlikely ever to come into contacts—the idyllic world of Brownlow and Rose, and the atmosphere of degradation in which Nancy lives. On the bridge, Nancy is given the chance to cross over to the better way of life that the others represent, but she rejects that opportunity, and by the time the three have all left the bridge. that possibility has vanished forever. The dog in Oliver Twist is an important symbol too. He seems to mirror the

wicked nature of his owner, Bill Sykes. After Sikes murders Nancy, Bull’s-eye comes to represent Sikes’s guilt. The dog leaves bloody footprints on the floor of the room where the murder is committed. Not long after, Sikes becomes desperate to get rid of the dog, convinced that the dog’s presence will give him away. Yet, just as Sikes cannot shake off his guilt, he cannot shake off Bull’s-eye, who arrives at the house of Sikes’s demise before Sikes himself does. Bull’s-eye’s name also conjures up the image of Nancy’s eyes, which haunts Sikes until the bitter end and eventually causes him to hang himself accidentally.

The author makes considerable use of symbolism. The many symbols Oliver faces are primarily good versus evil, with evil continually trying to corrupt and exploit good, but good winning out in the end. Briefly, the author manages to skilfully paint a picture of the dark, dirty and dangerous alley-ways of Victorian London by symbolism.

With these symbols, I find the novel deeper, richer, more meaningful and colorful. The author uses symbolism to allude to a mood or feeling without coming out and stating that particular emotion. As the result, this novel become very well known and it has a huge effect in English literature. It successfully presents the underworld and problems of poverty through the typical figure Oliver. The works deeply reveals the ugly masks of those cruel criminals and the tragic life of downer class citizen in 18th century in Britain.

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