前四个为名词性从句

（what一般只用于引导名词性从句，不可引导定语从句）

1.主语从句

1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：

*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...

*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...

*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...

*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...

It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation. It seems that the performance is very useful.

2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。

What we lack is experience.

3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。 （名词性从句一般都是用正常陈述语序，似乎所有从句都是）

How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.

2.宾语从句

1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。

I promised that I would change the situation.

All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. （介词后）

He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children. （形容词后，类似还有I’am sure that…）

This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.

2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。这类动词主要有：find,feel,consider,make,believe

He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.

I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .

3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。

He didn't think that the money was well spent.

4）有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it

这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to. I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.

我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.

3.表语从句

表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用

that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.

Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.

The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.

It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller. （方式状语从句也有引导词as if，注意区别，主要是主句结构形式不同）

4.同位语从句

同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。

（注意和主语从句的区别，主句结构形式不同）

She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.

I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.

The news came that their team had won the championship.

5.定语从句

定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。

（what不能引导定语从句，一般只引导名词性从句）

*限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。

who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that

既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语（whose）等。

The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.

Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.

The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.

1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有

first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。

That is all that I've heard from him.

He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.

2)关系代词的省略

在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。

This is one of those things with which we have to put up.

This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.

3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。

Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.

No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.

*非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。

Every object has a gravitational pull, which is rather like magnetism.

*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句

“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。

This is the computer on which he spent all his savings

It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.

*as引导的定语从句

as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。

These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)

As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)

6.状语从句

*时间状语从句

引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：

1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。

We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.

2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the

moment,immediately(that)等。

As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.

The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.

*地点状语从句

引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.

Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.

*原因、结果和目的状语从句

1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。

Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.

2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that

,so that,that,so等。

Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.

3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。

We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.

*条件和让步状语从句

1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。

As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.

2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。

No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.

Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)

Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)

*方式状语从句

引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。

The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.

Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.

 

第二篇：英语状语从句总结

状语从句小结2

五、结果状语从句

常用连接词：so…that…/such….that

1、 be  so +形容词（adj.）+that    如此adj./adv.以致于……

    V．so +副词（adv.）+that

eg： The whether is so hot that we can stay in air –conditions places .

     Tom speaks Spanish so well that all of us admire him.

2、such +a/an +adj.+n.(名词)+that     如此一个adj.的n.，以致于……

eg：This is such an expensive house that I can’t afford to buy it .

                         

3、So adj./adv.置于句首要部分倒装

eg：-------- that the pilot could not fly through it .         D Such was the storm severe

A. So the storm was severe    B So severe was the storm     C The storm so severe was 

六、条件状语从句(真实条件状语从句)

1、常用连接词：if /unless（=if……not……）

eg：If winter comes ,can spring be far behind ?

 You don’t need an umbrella unless it is raining .

2、特殊连接词：  suppose /supposing

   providing/ provided    （表示假设，都可省去that）

on condition that （that不可省）

(so)as long as （只要、只有）

注：A as well as B 不但A，而且B

    So(as ) far as 就……而言

eg： 1. A man is not old as long as he is seeking something .

2.So long as you work hard enough, an iron rod can be ground into a needle.

3.I may lend you the book on condition that you return it to me in time .

4.He will surely finish the job on time ------he’s left to do it in his own way .

A in that   B. in case       C. as far as        D so long as

（绝对重点）七、让步状语从句：

1、常用连接词：

1)although /though even though /even if +句子       均不与but连用，可与still、yet连用

2)Despite/ in spite of /for all +n./n.短语/宾语从句     意为“仍然、依旧”

Though  A，B

     A，though B          虽然A，但是B

     A，but/yet/while B

     A，however，B

eg： 1. Tough /Although he tried hard, (yet/still )he failed.

2.--------what he achieved in medicine, he remained modest .  

A. Despite      B. Although      C. If            D. Whereas

3.--------tired, he wouldn’t stop working .   

A. Despite     B. For all        C. Though        D. whereas

2、特殊连接词：

（一）while/as虽然、尽管

区别：（1）While A ,B 尽管A，但是B

           eg：While I sympathize with your point of view, I can not accept it .

 (2)adj/adv/分词/名词（无冠词）/ 短语＋as ＋主语＋谓语动词/系动词

eg:1.Young as he is ,he is knowledgeable. (adj)

2.Much as I respect him, I can not agree with him .(adv)

3.Child as he is , he is knowledgeable. (名词（无冠词）)

4.Oldest in our workshop as he is ,he works hardest. (短语)

5.Praised as he was , he remained modest. (分词)

6.-------, she often behaves like a child .

A. As old is she        B. As old she is     

   C. Old as is she        D. Old as she is

7.-------,he does get annoyed with her sometimes .                 

A. Although much he likes her     B. Much although he likes her  

C. As he likes her much       D. Much as he likes her

（二）whatever/whoever/whichever/however/whenever/ wherever

     注意：  whatever+n.(可省)=no matter what

          However+adj./adv.(不可省)=no matter how

  eg:（1） We have decided to do so, whatever happened.

（2） However much he spends, the boss will buy the golden watch.

八、比较状语从句

1、常用连接词：as

（1）as ＋adj/adv（原形）＋as   和……一样adj/adv      

（2） not  so/as ＋adj/adv（原形）＋as 不像……一样adj/adv     

   eg：1.The work is not so/as difficult as you think .

2、常用连接词：than

   比较级用法：（1）有than一定要用比较级

              （2）比较级对象要一致     that替代可数名词单数、不可数名词

              （3）比较状语中的从句     those 替代可数名词复数

                                        do 替代动词（注意时态、语态与原句一致，如：does、did等）

                                        用比较级表达最高级概念（注意比较对象的排他性,else、other）

eg:a. He is taller than I (am )                   

b. The weather of the South is wetter thanthe North

c. He has made great contributions to the company than anyone else

d. There are few electronic applications ------to raise fears regarding future employment opportunities than robots . A. likely       B  more likely       C most likely                     D much likely

                              much(不可数名词时用)

倍数的表达：数词+time(s)+as+                             as

                              many（可数名词复数时用）

               注：a quarter 四分之一、half 二分之一、twice=two times 二倍

      eg:1．The earth has a mass that is one hundred times that of the moon

2. Americans eat ----as they actually need every day .

A. twice as much protein      B twice protein as much twice  

 C twice protein as much       D  protein as twice much

3、特殊连接词：

（1）the more….the more 越….越….

 eg：The more we help others, the more we receive in return . =We advance ourselves as we help others .

 The higher you go , the less dense air becomes .

（2）Just as…,so… 就和…一样，…也是

eg:1.Just as food nourishes the body , so do books enrich the mind .

2.Just as they must put aside their prejudices, --------we must be prepared to accept their good faith .

A  thus          B so            C as        D like 

（3）A is to B what /as C is to D   A对于B来说，就像C对于D一样

eg： Air is to man what/as water is to fish

（4）no more…than =  not  …any more than 不如…,怎么样

eg：1. The Emperor can see no more than his Ministers

=The Emperor can not see and his ministers can not see, either .

2. You are no more clever than he

3.You are not any more clever than he

（5）A be not so much as B  =  not so much A as B .  是B不是A

eg：The great use of the school education is not so much to teach you thing as to teach you the art of learning.

九、方式状语从句

常用连接词：as /the way

eg：1.When in Rome ,do as the Romans do     入乡随俗                     

2. Do it the way you were taught        

附：as五种用法总结

1、  当……时  

As I arrived there, he had already left.

2、  因为（可放句首和句中）

As the semester is finished, I am going to rest a few days and then take a trip .

3、  虽然（要用倒装） 

 Young as he is ,he is knowledgeable. (adj)

4、  像……一样    

The work is not so/as difficult as you think .

5、  按照      

 When in Rome ,do as the Romans do

6、  Such+a（an）+n.+as    如此一个adj.的n.，以致于……

This is such an expensive house that I can’t afford to buy it .