恰如其分的恭维话

前言：

在鲁迅先生的《立论》一文中，有这么一段，摘取如下：

“一家人家生了一个男孩，合家高兴透顶了。满月的时候，抱出来给客人看， ——大概自然是想得一点好兆头。

“一个说：‘这孩子将来要发财的。’他于是得到一番感谢。

“一个说：‘这孩子将来要做官的。’他于是收回几句恭维。

“一个说：‘这孩子将来是要死的。’他于是得到一顿大家合力的痛打。 “说要死的必然，说富贵的许谎。但说谎的得好报，说必然的遭打??”

这段话正好说明了人们对于恭维话的普遍的态度，生孩子那家人家做满月，其实就是为恭维者提供了一个理想的场所，就是为了听到各种各样的恭维话，“得一点好兆头”，获得一种心理上的满足。于是恭维者收获了恭维和感谢，说晦气的实话的遭了一顿痛打，想必就是情理之中的结果了。

于是，我从这段话中悟出了一些道理：

其一，生活在这个世界上的芸芸众生，十之八九都是爱听恭维话的。不论男女老少，不论是中国人还是外国人。尽管人人都知道那恭维话难免有溢美之嫌，而且多半是难以兑现的谎言。

其二，生活在这个世界上的大多数人，都免不了在许许多多的场合对许许多多的人说过许许多多的恭维话。如若不信，我们都不妨反省一下自己。

其三，听恭维话和说恭维话，都算不得卑鄙。除非说者和听者原本就有卑鄙的目的。阿谀奉迎者爱说恭维话，但恭维话绝非阿谀奉迎者的专利。其实，只要细心观察，就会发现，恭维话大都是出自一种良好的愿望的。

一、恭维话的定义

在20xx年第五版修订的《现代汉语词典》上，对恭维的下了这样的定义：恭维意指出于讨好对方的目的而去称赞、颂扬；也指是对别人的言行持否定态度的一种委婉说法。首先，我们可以肯定地是，恭维话肯定是好听的话，比如：听君一席话，胜读十年书；您真是貌若天仙啊，等等，无形之中就能把人夸到天上去。

其次，恭维话不能简单地等同于奉承话、拍马屁的话。总有人认为中国人喜欢拍马屁，其实这说法非常错误，引陈毅元帅一句令人深思的话：“拍马的人是要骑马的！”世界上没有一个人光靠拍马屁就能够得到提升的。很多管理者都非常讨厌马屁精，因为他们相信，马屁精最终会害死他们。所以我们知道了，恭维话不是无条件的好话。

第二：恭维话的意义

喜欢听好听的话，而不是真实的话，这是中国人最大的毛病。所以，我们讲话的时候，如果不加上适当的恭维，对方根本听不进去。讲话首先要让对方听得进去，否则就是白费唇舌。对方听不进去，你的话再对、再真实也没有用。

成功的人，实际上不吹牛也不拍马屁，却装得像吹牛、拍马屁一样。换句话说，即用吹牛、拍马屁的形式，说出有根有据的实话。忠言逆耳，而奉承话又十分危险，容易被对方听成挖苦话。现在把忠言逆耳和奉承话结合起来，说出一番有理有据，又能让对方听得进去，而且听起来很受用的恭维话，才是有效的途径。

把事实的重点说出来，加上适当的形容词，叫做恭维话。如果没有事实的依据，只是加上了很多形容词，就成为不实的拍马屁了。因此多说恭维话，少说奉承话，说得恰到好处，效果必定良好。

既然人人都喜欢听悦耳的话，不愿意听逆耳的话，那么，我们应该怎么对听话人表达恭维，同时又不失我们的风度呢？

三、得体的恭维话

第一：对不同的人要说不同的恭维话

对于商人，你如果说学问好，道德好，清廉自守，安贫乐道，他绝对无动于衷，你应该说他才能出众，手腕灵活，现在红光满面，日进斗金，他才听得高兴。对于官吏，你如果说，生财有道，定发大财，他一定不高兴；你应该说他为国为民，一身清正，廉洁自持，劳苦功高，他才喜形于色。对于文人，你如果说，学有根底，妙笔生花，宁静淡泊，他听了一定高兴。他做什么职业，你说什么恭维话。对于对方的职业，应该特殊注意这也是“看人说话”。

对于年轻人，你如果举出几点，证明他的将来，大有成就，他一定十分高兴，引你为知己，你如果称赞他父母如何了不起，他未必感到高兴。至多你说他是将门之子，把他与他的父母一齐称赞，才配他的胃口，使他笑逐颜开。对于父母，你如果说他们的儿子或女儿，无论学识能力，都胜过他们，真是出类拔萃，虽然是当面批评，他们不但不会责怪你，反而十分感谢你，他从内心会认为你是慧眼识英雄呢！这是说恭维话对于年龄应特殊注意的要诀。

其它还有对于不同的性别也要有不同的恭维策略，而如今中外交流也越来越频繁，对有不同文化背景的人群也要采取不一样的恭维方法。（因各国习俗相差太多，而本文字数有限，故不在此详加叙述）

第二：在不同的时机要说不同的恭维话

假如你到一个朋友家去，你的朋友对你异常客气，你每说一句，他都唯唯而答，和你说话时总是满口客套，唯恐你不欢，唯恐得罪了你。在这样的情况下，你一定会觉得芒刺在背，坐立不安，知道离开他家，才会觉得如释重负。其实，刚开始会客的时候，几句恭维话倒没什么，但是如若还继续说个不停就不大妥当。谈话的目的在于沟通双方的情感，加深双方的了解，而恭维话在深入了解时恰恰是横阻在双方中间的墙，如果不把这堵墙拆掉，人们只能绕着这堵墙做一些简单的敷衍酬答而已。

大概朋友们初次见面都会略显客套，而第二、第三次见面就免去了许多客套。那些“阁下”、“府上”等等恭维的名词称呼如果一直用下去，那么真挚的友谊必然无法建立。

第三：在不同的场合要说不同的恭维话

中国人向来讲究天时、地利、人和，所以聪明的人不仅会看人说话，应时搭话，还会在不同的环境下说不同的话，以取悦对方。

比如，某君去参加朋友父（母）的葬礼，他肯定不会说“恭喜发财、恭喜高升”之类的话了，虽然葬礼用的“棺材”本身就有升官发财的意思，他肯定会说“节哀顺变、保重身体，令堂在天之灵看到你这样也会不安的”之类的话。

第四：不轻易拆穿吹牛者

虽然我们很想平平淡淡的过日子，但是周遭的环境却总是时不时的来刺激你一下。这样的现象大抵如此：比方某君对于某种学问技术，不过初窥门径，并未升堂，更未入室，居然自命为专家，到处宣扬，不认识他的人，自然不易拆穿，这叫做吹牛唬人。又如他和某一位

达官贵人实在并没多少关系，他却对人说，那人如何器重他，某事曾和他商量过，某事曾由他经手过，把那人的私生活描写得十分详细。不是知内情者，自然不易拆穿，这叫做吹牛借势。

其吹牛的动机，是表示他的了不起，是骗得大众的信任，或者借此提高他的身份，或者借此兜售某种诡计，反正都是不道德的。但是吹牛总有拆穿的一天，一朝被人拆穿，人必将唾弃。虚是虚，实是实，以虚作实，总有细心人会看出他的破绽。狐狸的尾巴露出，便显原形。所以吹牛的成功，是假的，是暂时的

而在此之前，如果你不留任何情面地把他所说的事情揭穿，那么这个人必将憎恨你很久，甚至是一辈子。最好的做法就是坚守本心，站定自己的立场，无论吹牛者说得如何天花乱坠，你都回以礼貌的微笑，或者说一声：“原来如此，你真厉害”，诸如此类的恭维几句，总比当面将矛盾激化的好，除非你实在不想再见到这个人了。

结语

总之，恭维语作为一种语言交际行为，它不仅具有积极鼓励被称赞的人和事的功能，而且能在交际中获得对方的好感，使交际双方在心理和情感上靠拢，缩短彼此之间的距离，增进双方的了解，维系社会正常的人际关系。更重要的是恭维语本身就是一种价值判断，它是一定社会的价值观的反映。对恭维语在实施过程中所反映出来的功能、价值观念和语用环境等方面的差异的了解，有助于我们在语言交际中正确恰当地运用恭维语，避免交际双方的冲突，使交际双方达成一致，为进一步的交际打下坚实的基础。

第二篇：(恭维话)

College English Test Band 4

Sept. 2007

Part I Listening Comprehension (20%)

Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear ten short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

1. A) He refused to drive her.

B) He is glad to drive her.

C) He forgot his driver's license.

D) He has a new car.

2. A) Philadelphia.

C) Doctors. B) Chapmans. D) Arizona.

3. A) Catch a cold.

B) Sit next to the bus stop.

C) Fix his torn sleeve.

D) Hurry to get on the bus.

4. A) On a train.

C) On a plane.

5. A) 30 minutes.

C) 15 minutes. B) On a boat. D) On a bus. B) 20 minutes. D) 10 minutes.

6. A) Her sister is having a baby.

B) Her sister will not let her.

C) It is a bad movie.

D) She is taking care of her sister's children.

7. A) She couldn't go.

B) She hurt herself.

恭维话

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C) She had a delay.

D) The rain delayed Nancy.

8. A) To find a house about 20 miles away from work.

B) To drive about 20 miles to work everyday.

C) Buy a farm.

D) Rent an apartment in the suburbs.

9. A) Freshmen and their parents' fears.

B) Parents' problems.

C) Parents' dream.

D) The start of college.

10. A) The term project was finished.

B) The woman received the best score.

C) He was sure his term project was good.

D) His score was better than the woman's.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear several short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

Questions 11 to 14 are based on the following passage:

11. A) Computer is able to translate all kinds of texts.

B) Machine translation has become a major service industry.

C) Machine translation has been very successful in all the major languages.

D) Translation by computer will certainly have a bright future.

12. A) Because an important US science institute believed that the method could

not be put in practice.

B) Because an important US science institute urged to built a more powerful

computer.

C) Because an important US science institute thought that the method was of

no value.

D) Because an important US science institute did not have enough money to

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go on with the research.

13. A) Some scientists went on with the researches of machine translation although

all the funds were cut.

B) Most languages are still translated with original methods.

C) Poems, novels and plays are usually translated by translators.

D) Translation by computer saves a lot of manpower and time.

14. A) Communication Improvement.

B) Translators Translation.

C) Language Translation.

D) Machine Translation.

Questions 15 to 17 are based on the following passage:

15. A) You have the right to do certain things in your own way even if they

are not generally acceptable.

B) You can do everything you like without any restriction.

C) It means you can enjoy everything in the "Free World".

D) You are encouraged to be different from others, as greatly as possible.

16. A) Because they want to be free.

B) Because they are happy with what they are.

C) Because they are afraid of losing the freedom they enjoy.

D) Because they are indifferent to anything except their own.

17. A) Freedom to say or write for or against any religious organization.

B) Freedom to practice any religion.

C) Freedom to make decisions about everything you worship.

D) Freedom to enjoy everything life offers.

Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage:

18. A) To show that the author is good at producing ironic endings.

B) To show that the author is fond of depicting characters of humble origin.

C) To show that the author is keen on making full use of his life experiences in

writing.

D) To show that his writing style is well received.

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19. A) When he was fifteen.

B) When he was twenty.

C) When he was in his thirties.

D) In 1894.

20. A) When he founded a short-lived weekly humor magazine.

B) When he published his famous story "The Gift of the Magi".

C) In his later years of life.

D) In 1919.

Part II Reading Comprehension (40%)

Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),

B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

The Ministry of Health kicked off a national campaign on Friday to prevent a recurrence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic, which it is feared might break out again this autumn or winter, issuing nationwide anti-SARS guidelines for the country's health system.

Top health officials from all provincial governments of the country wound up a two-day conference on Friday in Beijing, at which they studied the guidelines and discussed how to work and co-operate better in preventing another SARS outbreak, an official told China Daily.

"These officials will go back to their own regions to make their own working plans following the national guidelines, with adjustments for the actual situation in their regions," said Yang Jinrui, an official from the Ministry of Health. The guidelines, in seven sections, include such items as work aims, case diagnosis and reporting, prevention and control, medical treatment, alerts and emergency aid, and examination of the effectiveness of supervision and management procedures.

Meanwhile, to ensure that any possible SARS cases are identified and reported as soon as possible, the ministry also issued a special program to highlight surveillance, reporting, information exchange and communication on SARS. A national drill on how to deal with an outbreak of SARS will be held before September 30 to ensure that the various departments and regions co-ordinate, communicate and co-operate smoothly,

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according to the new guidelines.

The guidelines state that a State-level group of experts must get to any site where a suspected SARS case is found within twenty-four hours to decide whether it is SARS or not.

The guidelines list Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Guangzhou, with their large floating populations, as major regions for SARS prevention work. Special attention also should be given to medical workers, migrant farm workers, hospitals, schools, kindergartens, and construction sites, according to the guidelines.

The guidelines also separate SARS into three categories according to degree of seriousness and range of the disease.

21. The phrase "kicked off" in Paragraph 1, Line 1, can be best replaced by _____.

A) put forward

B) advocated

C) launched

D) ended

22. The purpose of kicking off a national campaign is to ______.

A) fight against SARS if it breaks out again

B) call in experts to exchange information on SARS cases

C) train people how to identify SARS cases

D) discuss the feasibility of anti-SARS guidelines

23. It is required that local officials should ______.

A) go back to their own regions if it breaks out

B) do accordingly under the guidelines

C) stick to the guidelines without any adjustments

D) get to any site when a suspected SARS case is identified

24. Four cities are cited as major regions for SARS prevention work because of its ______.

A) shifting populations

B) sheer size

C) popularity

D) location

25. Those who should get special attention are all the following except ______.

A) doctors and nurses

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B) construction workers

C) teachers

D) taxi-drivers

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

The producers of instant coffee found their product strongly resisted in the market places despite their product's obvious advantages. Furthermore, the advertising expenditure for instant coffee was far greater than that for regular coffee. Efforts were made to find the cause of the consumers' seemingly unreasonable resistance to the product. The reason given by most people was dislike for the taste. The producer suspected that there might be deeper reasons, however. This was confirmed by one of motivation research's classic studies, one often cited in the trade.

Mason Haire, a professor of the University of California, constructed two shopping lists that were identical except for one item. There were six items common to both lists: hamburger, carrots, bread, baking powder, canned peaches, and potatoes, with the brands or amounts specified. The seventh item, in fifth place on both lists, read "one pound Maxwell House Coffee" on one list and "Nescafe Instant Coffee" on the other. One list was given to each one in a group of fifty women, and the other list to those in the other group of the same size. The women were asked to study their list and then to describe, as far as they could, the kind of woman ("personality and character") who would draw up that shopping list. Nearly half of those who had received the list including instant coffee described a housewife who was lazy and a poor planner. On the other hand, only one woman in the other group described the housewife, who had included regular coffee on her list, as lazy; only six of that group suggested that she was probably not a good wife. No one in the other group drew such a conclusion about the housewife who intended to buy regular coffee.

26. In the opinion of instant coffee producers, ______.

A) people should buy regular coffee

B) regular coffee is superior to instant coffee

C) instant coffee should have a good market because of its obvious

advantages

D) the advertising expenditure for regular coffee is very great

27. In this instance, the purpose of motivation study was to discover _____.

A) why there were deeper reasons

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B) why instant coffee did not taste good

C) why regular coffee was successful

D) the reason why people resisted instant coffee

28. The list on which "Nescafe Instant Coffee" was written as an item was

given to a group consisting of _____.

A) seven people

B) seven women

C) fourteen people

D) fifty women

29. On the result of this test, the producers of instant coffee probably would advertise on TV to show a _______.

A) lazy wife drinking instant coffee

B) stupid wife using instant coffee

C) hard-working woman drinking instant coffee

D) good wife using regular coffee

30. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A) It is reasonable for people to resist instant coffee.

B) Advertising does not always assure favorable sales results.

C) People pay little attention to advertising.

D) Regular coffee has better taste than instant coffee.

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

"Sesame (芝麻) Street" has been called "the longest street in the world". That is because the television program by that name can now be seen in so many parts of the world. That program became one of America's exports soon after it went on the air in New York in 1969.

In the United States more than six million children watch the program regularly. The viewers include more than half of the nation's pre-school children. Although some educators object to certain elements in the program, parents praise it highly. Many teachers also consider it a great help, though some teachers find that problems arise when first graders who have learned from "Sesame Street" are in the same class with children who have not watched the program.

The program uses songs, stories, jokes and pictures to give children a basic understanding of numbers, letters and human relationships. Tests have shown that

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children have benefited from watching "Sesame Street". Those who watch five times a week learn more than the occasional viewer. In the United States the program is shown at different times during the week in order to increase the number of children who can watch it regularly.

Why has "Sesame Street" been so much more successful than other children's shows? Many reasons have been suggested. People mention the educational theories of its creators, the support by the government and private businesses, and the skillful use of a variety of TV tricks. Perhaps an equally important reason is that mothers watch "Sesame Street" along with their children. This is partly because famous adult stars often appear on "Sesame Street". But the best reason for the success of the program may be that it makes every child watching it feel able to learn. The child finds himself learning, and he wants to learn more.

31. Why has "Sesame Street" been called "the longest street in the world"?

A) The program has been shown ever since 1969.

B) The program became one of America's major exports soon after it appeared on TV.

C) The program are now being watched in most parts of the world.

D) The program is made in the longest street in New York.

32. Some educators are critical of the program because ______.

A) they don't think it fit for children in every respect

B) it takes the children too much time to watch it

C) it causes problems between children who have watched it and those who have not

D) parents attach too much importance to it

33. So many children in the United States watch the program because ______.

A) it uses songs, stories and jokes to give them basic knowledge

B) it is arranged for most children to watch it regularly

C) tests have shown that it is beneficial to them

D) both A and B

34. Mothers often watch the program along with their children because ______.

A) they enjoy the program as much as their children

B) they find their children have benefited from watching the program

C) they are attracted by some famous adult stars on the show

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D) they can learn some educational theories from the program

35. What is the most important reason for the success of the program

according to the author?

A) The creators have good educational theories in making the program.

B) The young viewers find they can learn something from it.

C) Famous adult stars often appear in the program.

D) It gets support from the government and private businesses.

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

In Western countries people have been using the installment plan since the first half of the twentieth century. Today, a large number of families in Great Britain buy furniture, household goods and cars by installments. In the U. S. , the figure is much higher than in Great Britain, and people there spend over 10 percent of their income on the installment plan.

The price of an article bought on installments is always higher than the price that would be paid by cash. There is a charge for interest. The buyer pays one quarter or one third of the price as a down payment when the goods are delivered to him. He then makes regular payments, weekly or monthly, until the full price is paid up. The legal ownership of the goods remains with the seller until the final payment has been made. Installment buying has advantages and disadvantages. It can help couples with small incomes to furnish their homes and start housekeeping. It increases the demand for goods, and in this way helps business and employment. There is, however, the danger that when business is bad, installment buying may end suddenly, making business much worse. This may result in a great increase in unemployment. If the people on the installment plan lose their jobs, they will probably not be able to make their payments. If great numbers of people are not able to pay their installment debts there is a possibility that businessmen cannot collect their debts and will therefore lose money. If businessmen lose money or fail to make a satisfactory profit, it becomes more likely to have a depression. This is why, in some countries, the government controls the installment plan by fixing the amount of the down payment and each of the following installments to discourage people from buying more than they can pay for on the installment plan.

36. Which of the following is NOT true about the installment plan?

江南大学 05级/第四学期期末B/大部/试点/四级/全新/新编/07年9月第9页共16页

A) A lot of British families use the installment plan.

B) More than 10 percent American families buy things on installments.

C) Americans depend more on installment than British people do.

D) Americans spend one tenth of their income on installment buying.

37. Goods bought on installments are more expensive than goods bought by cash because ______.

A) the buyer has to pay extra money as interest

B) the delivery of the goods charges extra money

C) the buyer has to pay a down payment

D) the service offered by installment plan charged extra money

38. What will happen to a buyer if he fails to make the full payment for an item bought on installments?

A) He might lose his job.

B) He will stop owning the item he has bought.

C) He will have to sell what he has bought.

D) He will go into debt.

39. The advantage of installment buying might include all the following EXCEPT that ______.

A) purchasing power is strengthened

B) employment might be increased

C) people develop a good habit of saving money

D) young couples are able to furnish their homes

40. In some countries, the governments control the installment plan to ______.

A) increase employment

B) avoid depressions

C) ensure that businesses make good profits

D) ensure that people can pay for what they buy

Part III Vocabulary and Structure (15%)

Directions: There are thirty incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

江南大学 05级/第四学期期末B/大部/试点/四级/全新/新编/07年9月第10页共16页

41. In Sweden employers have taken the ______ in promoting health insurances schemes.

A. initiative B. initials C. initial D. initiatives

D. on that account 42. They were tired, but not any less enthusiastic ______. A. in that case B. in that way C. by that means

anything.

A. concealed 43. Each of them ______ the point that present system was unfair, but nobody said B. conceded C. consented D. confused

44. New ways to treat arthritis may provide a(n) ______ to painkillers.

A. choice B. option C. defect D. alternative

45. ______ continued protection and conservation, the country-side will be used and

enjoyed by our children and grandchildren.

A. Given B. Granted C. Provided D. Allowed

46. What he suggested in his lecture ______ the existing ideas about the causes of heart

disease.

A. exploited B. exploded C. overcame D. pursued

47. The sound of seagulls ______ her ______ to childhood holidays by the sea.

A. carried…on B. carried…off C. carried…back D. carried…out

48. She’s the kind of woman who delights ______ pointing out other people’s mistakes

A. on B. of C. in D. at

49. If you have any questions ______ any of our services, please feel free to call me.

A. regarding B. in view of C. considering D. in the course of

50. I know you’re very keen to go to the Middle East, but I’m afraid I still have ______.

A. observations B. conservations C. reservations D. preservations

D. shield

D. stretch

D. contribute 51. He would live in their ______ for the next twenty years. A. shame B. shadow C. shade A. sore B. soar 53. I can’t go. I ______ it to him to stay. A. owe B. credit C. sum C. attribute 52. Economists believe that the jobless total will ______ to 3 million by the spring.

54. Britain’s mineral ______ include oil, coal and gas deposits.

A. origins B. sources C. resources D. assets

55. There is a marked ______ between the standard of living in the north of the country

and the south.

A. contract B. contrast C. contest D. contact

第11页共16页江南大学 05级/第四学期期末B/大部/试点/四级/全新/新编/07年9月

56. They were expected to clean up the river before the ________set for this municipal project.

A. headlines B. outline C. deadlock D. deadline

57. At the end of the period, a student is required to submit a ________ demonstrating

the results of his or her work.

A. thesis B. theory C. encouragement D. thirst

58. In his latest book he gives a detailed account of the events which shaped his

________.

A. destination B. destiny C. Disney D. divine

D. exclude 59. I ________ you’ve decided against taking my advice. A. express B. declare C. assume

60. You may ________ of the extra books in our department library.

A. deposit B. enclose C. fade D. dispose

61. Can you ________ the man who robbed you of your watch?

A. illustrate B. exhibit C. damage D. identify

62. The high level of current oil prices is certain to _________ another round of petrol

price increases.

A. provoke B. penetrate C. prospect D. perceive

63. A fridge that slows down the rate at which bacteria __________ doesn’t kill them.

A. monopoly B. minimum C. multiply D. maximize

64. The painter’s unique designs have caught hold of the imagination of hundreds of

students who are fascinated by her _________ patterns and color schemes.

A. indicate B. imply C. infectious D. intricate

65. Nowadays we seldom hear the tolling of a bell to _________ disaster or misfortune.

A. dignify B. signify C. testify D. designate

66. I _________ I did not remember her at all, but since I have been away from the

town for so long, I suppose it is only natural.

A. confess B. confuse C. confine D. combine

67. The water __________ from the tap and damaged all the books in my study.

A. sprayed B. puzzled C. inclined D. exported

68. In the United States, Congress makes the laws and the President _________ them.

A. orders B. conquers C. executes D. hedges

69. His totally worldly possessions ________ little more than the clothes he stood up in.

A. amounted to B. settled for C. turned up D. came at

70. The weather wasn’t favorable and both teams had to __________ icy rain and

江南大学 05级/第四学期期末B/大部/试点/四级/全新/新编/07年9月第12页共16页

strong wind during the match.

A. pin down B. contend with

C. get stuck in D. take control of

Part IV Cloze (10%)

Directions: There are a number of blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

In China it is relatively usual to ask people their age, but in the West this question is generally regarded as impolite. This is particularly true __71__ women, and even more __72__ if the inquirer is a man.

However, it is very __73__ to ask children their age, and some adults may not mind being __74__ either. In fact, some elderly people are quite happy to __75__ the age, especially if they feel they look young __76__ their age. Nevertheless, it is not very wise to ask a __77__ question like "How old are you?". If elderly people want to talk about their age, and perhaps receive a compliment (恭维话) on how young they look, they may easily bring __78__ the topic themselves, and ask the other person to __79__ how old they are. __80__ such a situation, it is quite acceptable to discuss age __81__. They normally expect to be complimented on their youthfulness, rather than being __82__ that they look very old!

Even __83__ westerners do not usually ask people directly how old they are, this does not __84__ that they are not interested to know how old other people are. They may ask __85__ else for the information, __86__ else they may try to __87__ the topic indirectly. Sometimes discussions about educational __88__ and the number of years of working experience may provide some __89__, but this is not always the __90__. Of course, individuals also vary in what they are interested or willing to talk about.

71. A) with

C) of

72. A) that

C) than

73. A) normal

C) formal

74. A) said

C) informed B) for D) to B) such D) so B) average D) unusual B) asked D) talked

第13页共16页江南大学 05级/第四学期期末B/大部/试点/四级/全新/新编/07年9月

75. A) reveal B) reflect

C) release D) react

76. A) to B) with

C) for D) at

77. A) short B) strange

C) funny D) direct

78. A) about B) up

C) along D) to

79. A) guess B) know

C) learn D) predict

80. A) For B) With

C) On D) In

81. A) exactly B) leisurely

C) freely D) approximately

82. A) told B) corrected

C) warned D) reminded

83. A) when B) then

C) if D) though

84. A) include B) intend

C) mean D) determine

85. A) anyone B) someone

C) one D) everyone

86. A) or B) rather

C) so D) and

87. A) approach B) solve

C) address D) explain

88. A) level B) background

C) knowledge D) systems

89. A) topics B) clues

C) evidence D) suggestions

90. A) case B) truth

C) reality D) fact

江南大学 05级/第四学期期末B/大部/试点/四级/全新/新编/07年9月第14页共16页

班级 _______________ 学号_____________

恭维话

Part V Writing (15%)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Is Stress a Bad Thing? You should write at least 120 words and you 装

订

线 should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 有的人害怕压力 2. 有的人认为压力并不是一件坏事 3. 我的看法 Is Stress a Bad Thing

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 装

订

线 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

姓名_________________ 作文分 _____________

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

江南大学 05级/第四学期期末B/大部/试点/四级/全新/新编/07年9月第16页共16页

2006—2007学年第二学期

恭维话

大学英语（IV）（全新/新编）期末考试标准答案（B）

考试时间：_07年9月_

命题人：词汇：仇亦倩等

作文：周宠安。其它选自题库

整合、编辑：张玉勤——考虑到是第四学期，设计难度上比四级容易

Part I Listening Comprehension (20%)

band3 07-06-21参考答案

Part I Listening Comprehension

Section A

1、听力原文:

W:Jack, would you mind driving me to the station?

M:Sure, why not!

Q:How does Jack respond to the question?

参考答案:B

2、听力原文:

M:Did you hear that the Chapmans sold their house and are moving to Arizona?

W:Yes, and the man who bought the house is a doctor from Philadelphia. Q:From where did the new owner come?

参考答案:A

3、听力原文:

M:Could you tell me when the next bus leaves for New York?

W:The next bus leaves in three minutes. If you run you might catch it. Q:What will the man probably do?

参考答案:D

4、听力原文:

W:Good afternoon, I'm Roseanne, your flight attendant. Welcome aboard. M:Hello. I've got seat A8. I hope it's by a window so that I can see the

江南大学 05级/第四学期期末B/大部/试点/四级/全新/新编/07年9月第17页共16页考试班级：___大部/试点____

view.

Q:Where did this conversation most probably take place?

参考答案:C

5、听力原文:

W: At what time will the game start?

M: At ten o'clock, and now my watch says 9:45. It won't be long. Q: How long will they have to wait before the game starts?

参考答案:C

6、听力原文:

M: Would you join me at the movie tonight?

W: No, I'm sorry. I promised to take care of my sister's children while she goes out tonight.

Q: Why can't the woman go to the movie?

参考答案:D

7、听力原文:

W: If it hadn't been raining so hard, I might have been home by 9.

M: It's too bad you didn't make it. Nancy was here and she wanted to see you.

Q: What happened to the woman?

参考答案:C

8、听力原文:

M: Don't you have to drive far to work everyday?

W: Yes, it's about 20 miles. I don't mind the distance as long as I can live in the country.

Q: What must the woman do to have a house in the country?

参考答案:B

9、听力原文:

W: It's a parents' nightmare when they finally see their kids leave the nest.

M: Actually, they are not alone. Kids also have their worries of getting lost on a new campus.

Q: What are they discussing?

参考答案:A

江南大学 05级/第四学期期末B/大部/试点/四级/全新/新编/07年9月第18页共16页

10、听力原文:

W: I heard only one person got a perfect grade on the term project. I'm sure it wasn't me.

M: But it was.

Q: What does the man mean?

参考答案:B

Section B

Questions 11 to 14 are based on the following passage:

听力原文:There are more than 5,000 languages spoken in the world and, as communication improves, they will create lots of work for translators. The idea of a computer helping with all this work --- translation by machine --- is able to exist. Scientists believe that all major languages will be

translated by computer by the end of this century.

Already, millions of words a year are translated with the help of computers. Translations are at present limited to a scientific, technical and official texts; literary works are far too difficult for computers.

Machine translation is a growing, new service industry, and the future looks very exciting.

The first development in machine translation came in the late 1950s and early 1960s, but the progress was interrupted in 1966 when a report from an important US science institute rejected machine translation as

impracticable. In spite of major funding cuts that followed, some scientists kept on with their researches.

More languages are still translated by translators, but some, such as English, French, German and Italian, are regularly translated from one to the other by computer. In the past few years Chinese and Japanese have become available.

Each year, around 500,000 pages of texts all over the world are translated by computers, enough to keep about 500 translators working full time with original methods.

11. D 12. A 13. A 14. D

Questions 15 to 17 are based on the following passage:

听力原文:Freedom of the individual is considered one of the essential

江南大学 05级/第四学期期末B/大部/试点/四级/全新/新编/07年9月第19页共16页

features of western civilization, which is sometimes called the Free World. This freedom is often expressed in terms of rights to do certain things or to be treated in a particular way. When a person does something that others think strange, British and American people will often say, "It's a free

country," meaning that although they disagree with the choice, they

recognize the other person's right to make it.

Americans sometimes call the US the "land of the free", a phrase taken from its national anthem. British people have always strongly defended their freedom. Fear that they will lose the freedom to decide their own future is behind many people's lack of enthusiasm for European unity. In Britain and the US the most basic rights include freedom of expression (freedom to say or write anything), freedom of choice (freedom to make decisions about your own life) and freedom of worship (freedom to practice any religion). 参考答案:15. A 16. C 17. B

Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage:

听力原文:O. Henry, an American writer of short stories, is best known for his surprise endings. He attended school only until the age of 15, when he dropped out to work in his uncle's drugstore. During his 20s he moved to Texas, where he worked for more than ten years as a clerk and a bank teller. O. Henry did not write professionally until he reached his mid-30s, when he sold several pieces to the Detroit Free Press and the Houston Daily Post. In 1894 he founded a short-lived weekly humor magazine, The Rolling Stone. He first began to write short stories when he was in prison. In his stories he made good use of his knowledge of Texas, Central America, and life in prison. He also became fascinated by New York street life, which provided a setting for many of his later stories. During the last ten years of his

life, O. Henry became one of the most popular writers in America, publishing over 500 short stories in dozens of widely read periodicals.

O. Henry's most famous stories, such as "The Gift of the Magi", "The Furnished Room", and "The Ransom of Red Chief", make simple yet effective use of coincidences to provide surprising endings. For example, in "The Gift of the Magi" a husband sells his watch to buy his wife a Christmas present of a pair of hair combs; but, she cuts and sells her long hair to buy him a new chain for his watch.

江南大学 05级/第四学期期末B/大部/试点/四级/全新/新编/07年9月第20页共16页

In 1919, the O. Henry Memorial Awards for the best American short stories published each year were founded by the Society of Arts and Sciences. The Complete Works of O. Henry was published in 1953.

参考答案:18. A 19. C 20. C

Part II Reading Comprehension (40%)

21. C 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. D

26. C 27. D 28. D 29. C 30. B

31. C 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. B

36. B 37. A 38. B 39. C 40. D

Part III Vocabulary and Structure (15%)

41 A D B D A

46 B C C A C

51 B B A C B

56. D A B C D

61. D A C D B

66. A A C A B

Part IV Cloze (10%)

71. C 72. D 73. A 74. B 75. A

76. C 77. D 78. B 79. A 80. D

81. C 82. A 83. D 84. C 85. B

86. A 87. A 88. B 89. B 90. A

Part VI Writing (15%)

江南大学 05级/第四学期期末B/大部/试点/四级/全新/新编/07年9月第21页共16页

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