桑德伯格TED演讲

桑德伯格TED演讲:为什么女性领导那么少?

Facebook COO 谢乐尔·桑德伯格(Sheryl Sandberg)

谢乐尔·桑德伯格(Sheryl Sandberg)是全球最大的社交网站Facebook的首席运营官,曾任比尔·克林顿政府的财政部办公室主任,后任Google副总裁,短时间内帮助谷歌实现盈利。20xx年3月,桑德伯格加入新兴社交网络Facebook,担任首席运营官。3年后,Facebook的用户数从当初的6000万飙升至如今的7亿,广告收入更是从20xx年的3亿美元上涨到20xx年的19亿美元,比两年前翻了六倍,而Google的广告收入在这三年增速减缓。她在演讲中为职场女性提供3条建议:像男性一样坐到谈判桌旁,争取自己能够胜任的职位和应得的薪水;与伴侣有效沟通,共同分担家务和养育孩子的责任;在得到自己想要的职位前“不要提前离场”。

正文:我们先承认我们是幸运的。我们没有生活在我们母亲和我们祖母生活过的那个世界,在那时,女性的职业选择是非常有限的。今天在座的各位,大多数人成长于一个女性有基本公民权的世界。令人惊讶地是,我们还生活在一个有些女性还没有这些权利的世界。但除上所述,我们还有一个问题,它是一个实际问题。这问题是:在世界各地,女性没达到任何职业的高管职位。这些数据很清楚地告诉我们这实情。190个国家元首里,九位是女性领导。在世界上议会的总人数中,13%是女性议员。在公司部门,女性占据高位C级职位,董事会席位高管职位比例占15%,16%。自从20xx年起这数据没变化过有下降趋势。即使在非营利的行业----我们有时认为这一行业是被更多女性所领导的,女性领导人占20%。

我们还面临着另一个问题,就是女性在职业成功和个人价值实现中所面临的艰难选择。美国最近一个研究表明,已婚高管人员,三分之二的已婚男性高管人员有孩子,只有三分之一的已婚女性高管人员有孩子。几年前,我在纽约,出席一个协议,在那种别致的纽约私募投资办事处中的一个你能想象到的。我在这个大约有3小时的会议上,过了2小时,有个间歇休息,所有人都站起来,这会议组织者开始显得的确很尴尬。我意识到他不知道在他办公室哪里是女洗手间。所以我开始寻找移动厕所,盘算他们刚搬进来,但我没有看到任何移动厕所。然后我说,“你是刚搬到这办公室吗?”他说,“不是,我们在这儿已经有一年了。”我说,“你能否告诉我这一年来,我是唯一一个来这间办公室的女性吗?”他看着我,说到,“是的。或者说你可能是唯一一个要上女性洗手间。”

所以问题是,我们该怎样解决这样的尴尬?我们怎样改变这些高管职位的比例?我们怎样使这个变得不同?我首先想说,我谈这个女性就职因为我的确认为我们得找到答案。在我们劳动力的高收入的部分,在高管的人员中,财富500强首席执行长官中,或在其它类似的高管行业中,我确信,问题是女性被排除在外。当下人们对此谈了很多,他们谈到像弹性时间和指导公司应该培训妇女计划的事。今天我不想谈这些尽管所有这些事都非常重要。今天我想关注作为个人我们所能做到的事。我们要告诉给自己的事是什么?我们告诉给女同事和打工的女性的事是什么?我们要告诉给我们女儿的事是什么?

现在首先,我想澄清这个演讲不带有任何评判。我也没有正确的答案;甚至就我而言,我也没有完全的答案。在周一,我离开我生活的加利福尼亚,我坐上飞机赶赴这会议。当我送我三岁的女儿到幼儿园时,她紧紧抱进我的腿,哭喊着,“妈咪,不要上飞机”之类的话。这很难受。有时我感到内疚。我知道无论是家庭主妇,还是职业女性,有时她们都会感同身受。所以我不会说对所有人来说,呆在职场是件正确的事。今天我的演讲是要讲如果你真正想呆在职场。我想有3条建议。一、坐在桌旁。二、让你的伴侣成为一个真正的合作伙伴。三、在你离开前别放弃。

第一、坐在桌旁。仅仅几周前在脸谱,我们主持一个非常高级行政官员会议,马克·扎克伯格与来自硅谷周围的高级行政官员见面。每个人都坐在桌边。然后携同他的2个女性,在他部门中她们也占非常高的职位。我对她们说,“坐在桌边。来吧,坐在桌边。”因为她们坐在了屋子的一边。我在大四时,我选修一节欧洲思想史的课程。你们喜爱大学的这类课程嘛。我希望我现在能做到。我和我室友卡丽一起学习,她那时是一个才华横溢的文学学生,现在成为了一个杰出的文学家,另外我的弟弟一个聪明的小伙子,但他爱打水球,他上医学预科大二。 我们三人一起选修这课。然后卡丽读了所有希腊文和拉丁文的原版书籍--去了所有的课--我读了所有英语的书上了大多数的课。我弟弟有点忙;他读了12本书中的一本去上了几节课,在考试前几天他来到我们房间自己辅导了一下。我们三个一起去考试了,我们坐下来。我们考了有3个小时,我们的小蓝笔记本,是的。我们走出来,对视对方,我们说,“你考得怎样?”卡丽说,“伙计,我感到我真没有答对有关黑格尔辩证法的主要命题。”我说,“上帝啊,我真希望我考试时能想到学习过的洛克的产权理论等哲学家。”我弟弟却说,“我会是班里考得最好的。”“你会是班里考得最好的?你啥都不知道。”

这种故事的问题出在数据所表明的事实:女性被系统化地低估了她们自身的能力。如果你测试男性和女性,你问他们问题,按完全客观的标准平均成绩来算,男性会错误的高估一些,女性则会错误地低估一些。女性在职场不会为自身利益去谈判。在过去两年,关于人们从学校进入职场的一个调查表明57%的男生或男性进入职场,我猜会协商他们的第一份薪水,只有7%的女性会去协商。更重要的是,男性把他们的成功归功于他们自身,而女性则归功于其他外部因素。如果你问男性为什么他们能把工作做好,他们会说,“我棒极了。这是显而易见的。这还用问吗?”如果你问女性是什么使她们在工作中出色,她们会说有人帮助她们,她们很幸运,她们工作异常努力。这个问题很重要吗?大家,这关系很大因为没人得到角落办公室的职位要是只坐在旁边,而不是桌边。没人得到提升如果他们认为他们不应享有这成功,或者他们甚至不明白他们自己的成功。

我但愿这答案是容易的。我希望我尽可能告诉我所共事过的所有年轻女性,所有这些非常棒的女性,“相信你们自己,为自身利益要讨价还价。把握住你的成功。”我希望我也能告诉我的女儿。但这不是很简单。因为首先是数据表明一件事,它表明成功和人缘亲切性对于男性来说是积极影响的而对于女性来说是负面影响的。每个人都点头,因为我们大家都知道这是真的。

一个非常棒的研究也很好地表明了这一观点。哈佛商学院的一个著名研究是有关于一位叫海蒂·罗森的女性。她是硅谷一家公司的负责人,她使用她的关系成为一名非常成功的风险资本家。在20xx年,不久前当时在哥伦比亚大学的一位教授做这个例子和把它改成霍华德·罗森。他把这个案例,他们两人向两组学生展示。他只改变了一个词:海蒂到霍华德。但这个词就造成了非常大的差异。然后他调查学生。好消息是学生们,男生和女生认为海蒂和霍华德都是能力相当的,这很好。但坏消息是每个人都喜欢霍华德。他是个了不起的人,大家都想和他共事,大家都想和他去钓鱼。但海蒂呢?不好说。她有点只为自己着想,对政治有点热衷。大家不太想和她共事。这是复杂的。我们得告诉我们的女儿和我们的同事,我们得告诉我们自己相信我们能获得A,得到提升,坐在桌边。我们在这世上得做到这点,在世上,女性要争取这些就得做出牺牲,尽管她们的兄弟不用为此而付出牺牲。

所有关于这的最可悲的事是很难记住这个。我将讲个对我来说是个真正尴尬的故事,但我认为它很重要。在脸谱不久前我给大约100名员工做这个演讲。几小时后,在脸谱工作的一个年轻女性坐到我小桌子旁边,她想和我谈谈。我说,好,她坐了下来,我们谈了起来。她说,“我今天学了一些东西。我知道我需要举起我的手。”我说,“你指什么啊?”她说,“你在

讲这个话时,你说你将会回答2个以上问题。我和其他一些人举起手,你回答了2个以上问题。我把手放下来,我注意到所有女性都把手放下来,然后你又回答了很多问题,仅有男性参与。”我自己想了一下,如果换成是我,谁会在乎这个,明显地做这次演讲,在这演讲中,我甚至没注意到男人们的手是不是还一直举着,女人们的手是不是还一直举着,我们到底有多出色,当我们作为公司和组织的经理人的时候,以及当我们作为少数,与男性竞争争取机会的时候?我们得让女性坐到桌子边上。

第二条:让你的伴侣成为一个真正的合作伙伴。我已经确信我们在职场比起我们在家庭中起了更大的作用。数据也很清楚地表明这点。如果一个女性和一个男性同时全职并有一个小孩,女性比起男性要做两倍多家务活儿,女性比起男性做了三倍多照顾婴儿的事。所以她有了2份,3份工作,而他只有一份。当有人必须在家多干活时,谁应该留下来?这个的理由实在太复杂,我没有时间来讲它们。但我也不认为周日看美式足球和日常的懒惰是理由。

我认为理由是更加复杂化的。我认为,作为一个社会,我们总是更希望男孩子们成功,对女孩子则压力小些。我知道有居家男人呆在家里做内务支持职场妻子这很难。当我去“妈咪和我”的培训课时,我看到那里的父亲,我留意到其他妈咪不愿和他相处。这是个问题,因为我们得把内务变成一个重要的工作因为它是世界上最难的工作-居家工作无论男人女人,我们只有平分了这些事,女性才可能留在职场。(掌声)研究表明夫妻收入相等、且夫妻分担责任相当的家庭也有50%的离婚率。如果这数据并不那么鼓舞人,还有更多的在这个讲台我该怎么讲呢?夫妻双方对于彼此的了解,不仅是做爱这么简单。

(欢呼)

建议三:在你离开前别放弃。我认为这是一个非常深刻的讽刺对于女性所采取行动而言--我一直目睹类似情况的发生--女性希望留在职场这个目标,往往导致它们最终不得不离开职场。曾发生这样的事:我们都忙;每个人都很忙;作为一个女人也很忙。她开始考虑生小孩。从她开始考虑生小孩的时候起,她开始考虑为孩子准备房间。“我该如何调整孩子这件事和手头上的其他事呢?”言下之意,她不再举起她的手,她不寻求提升,她不找新的计划,她不会说,“我,我想做那个。”她开始退缩。这是个问题让我们说说她怀孕的那段日子9个月的怀胎,3个月的产假,6个月来调养休息快速调整要2年,更多的,正如我看到的女性开始过早考虑这事当她们有约会或者结婚时,当她们开始考虑要小孩,这会花相当长的一段时间。一位女性关于此事来找我,我看着她,她显得有点年轻。我说,“那么你和你丈夫考虑要小孩了?”她说,“哦不,我还没结婚。”她甚至没有男友。我说,“你考虑这个太早了吧。”

但关键是一旦你开始退缩下来,接下来会发生什么呢?每个人都会经历这个在这儿我告诉你,一旦在家你有了孩子,你真的最好是回到你的工作中去,因为把小孩留在家太难了,你的工作得有挑战性。它也得有回报。你得感觉到世界因你而变。如果2年前你没有得到提升在你旁边的一个男孩得到提升,如果三年前你放弃寻找新的机会,你会变得很乏味因为你应该紧踩油门,加油。在你离开前别放弃。保住工作。紧踩油门,除非到了那一天你需要离开为了孩子休假然后做出你自己的决定。不要提前做太长远决定,特别是你甚至不晓得自己该做怎样的决定。

我这一代的女性非常可惜,没能改变高管职位的数据变化。女人们就是呆在原地。我们没能达到50%的高管职位,在任何行业的高管职位中,女性都未达到50%。但我希望未来一代人可以做到。我认为我们世界上半数国家和半数公司会由女性所领导,那将会是一个更美好的世界。这不仅仅是因为人们会知道女性洗手间在哪儿,尽管这也有非常大的帮助。我认为它

将会是一个更美好的世界。我有2个孩子。我5岁的儿子和3岁的女儿。我想我儿子会选择在职场或在家里都尽心尽责,全心奉献。我女儿的选择不仅仅是成功,她会更热爱她所做出的成就。

 

第二篇:杨澜TED演讲

杨澜TED演讲: The Generation That's Remaking China

The night before I was heading for Scotland, I was invited to host the final of "China's Got Talent" show in Shanghai with the 80,000 live audience in the stadium. Guess who was the performing guest? Susan Boyle. And I told her, "I'm going to Scotland the next day." She sang beautifully, and she even managed to say a few words in Chinese. [Chinese] So it's not like "hello" or "thank you," that ordinary stuff. It means "green onion for free." Why did she say that? Because it was a line from our Chinese parallel Susan Boyle -- a 50-some year-old woman, a vegetable vendor in Shanghai, who loves singing Western opera, but she didn't understand any English or French or Italian, so she managed to fill in the lyrics with vegetable names in Chinese. (Laughter) And the last sentence of Nessun Dorma that she was singing in the stadium was "green onion for free." So

[as] Susan Boyle was saying that, 80,000 live audience sang together. That was hilarious.

来苏格兰(做TED讲演)的前夜,我被邀请去上海做”中国达人秀“决赛的评委。在装有八万现场观众的演播厅里,在台上的表演嘉宾居然是(来自苏格兰的,因参加英国达人秀走红的)苏珊大妈(Susan Boyle)。我告诉她,“我明天就要启程去苏格兰。” 她唱得很动听,还对观众说了几句中文,她并没有说简单的”你好“或者”谢谢“,她说的是——“送你葱”。为什么?这句话其实来源于中国版的“苏珊大妈”——一位五十岁的以卖菜为生,却对西方歌剧有出奇爱好的上海中年妇女(蔡洪平)。这位中国的苏珊大妈并不懂英文,法语或意大利文,所以她将歌剧中的词汇都换做中文中的蔬菜名,并且演唱出来。在她口中,歌剧《图兰朵》的最后一句便是“Song Ni Cong”。当真正的英国苏珊大妈唱出这一句“中文的”《图兰朵》时,全场的八万观众也一起高声歌唱,场面的确有些滑稽。

So I guess both Susan Boyle and this vegetable vendor in Shanghai belonged to otherness. They were the least expected to be successful in the business called entertainment, yet their courage and talent brought them through. And a show and a platform gave them the stage to realize their dreams. Well, being different is not that difficult. We are all different from different perspectives. But I think being different is good, because you present a different point of view. You may have the chance to make a difference.

我想Susan Boyle和这位上海的买菜农妇的确属于人群中的少数。她们是最不可能在演艺界成功的,而她们的勇气和才华让她们成功了,这个节目和舞台给予了她们一个实现个人梦想的机会。这样看来,与众不同好像没有那么难。从不同的方面审视,我们每个人都是不同的。但是我想,与众不同是一件好事,因为你代表了不一样的观点,你拥有了做改变的机会。

My generation has been very fortunate to witness and participate in the historic transformation of China that has made so many changes in the past 20, 30 years. I remember that in the year of 1990, when I was graduating from college, I was applying for a job in the sales department of the first five-star hotel in Beijing, Great Wall Sheraton -- it's still there. So after being interrogated by this Japanese manager for a half an hour, he finally said, "So, Miss Yang, do you have any questions to ask me?" I summoned my courage and poise and said, "Yes, but could you let me know, what actually do you sell?" I didn't have a clue what a sales department was about in a five-star hotel. That was the first day I set my foot in a five-star hotel.

我这一代中国人很幸运的目睹并且参与了中国在过去二三十年中经历的巨变。我记得1990

年,当我刚大学毕业时,我申请了当时北京的第一家五星级酒店——长城喜来登酒店的销售部门的工作。这家酒店现在仍在北京。当我被一位日本籍经理面试了一个半小时之后,他问到,“杨小姐,你有什么想问我的吗?”,我屏住呼吸,问道“是的,你能告诉我,具体我需要销售些什么吗?” 当时的我,对五星级酒店的销售部门没有任何概念,事实上,那是我第一次进到一家五星级酒店。

Around the same time, I was going through an audition -- the first ever open audition by national television in China -- with another thousand college girls. The producer told us they were looking for some sweet, innocent and beautiful fresh face. So when it was my turn, I stood up and said, "Why [do] women's personalities on television always have to be beautiful, sweet, innocent and, you know, supportive? Why can't they have their own ideas and their own voice?" I thought I kind of offended them. But actually, they were impressed by my words. And so I was in the second round of competition, and then the third and the fourth. After seven rounds of competition, I was the last one to survive it. So I was on a national television prime-time show. And believe it or not, that was the first show on Chinese television that allowed its hosts to speak out of their own minds without reading an approved script. (Applause) And my weekly audience at that time was between 200 to 300 million people.

我当时也在参加另一场“面试”,中国国家电视台的首次公开试镜,与我一起参与选拔的还有另外1000名大学女毕业生。节目制作人说,他们希望找到一位甜美,无辜(LOL),漂亮的新鲜面孔。轮到我的时候,我问道“为什么在电视屏幕上,女性总应该表现出甜美漂亮,甚至是服从性的一面?为什么她们不能有她们自己的想法和声音?“我觉得我的问题甚至有点冒犯到了他。但实际上,他们对我的表现印象深刻。我进入了第二轮选拔,第三轮,第四轮,直至最后的第七场选拔,我是唯一一个走到最后的试镜者。我从此走上了国家电视台黄金时段的荧幕。你可能不相信,但在当时,我所主持的电视节目是中国第一个,不让主持人念已经审核过的稿件的节目(掌声)。我每周需要面对两亿到三亿左右的电视观众。

Well after a few years, I decided to go to the U.S. and Columbia University to pursue my postgraduate studies, and then started my own media company, which was unthought of during the years that I started my career. So we do a lot of things. I've interviewed more than a thousand people in the past. And sometimes I have young people approaching me say, "Lan, you changed my life," and I feel proud of that. But then we are also so fortunate to witness the transformation of the whole country. I was in Beijing's bidding for the Olympic Games. I was representing the Shanghai Expo. I saw China embracing the world and vice versa. But then sometimes I'm thinking, what are today's young generation up to? How are they different, and what are the differences they are going to make to shape the future of China, or at large, the world?

几年以后,我决定来美国哥伦比亚大学继续深造,之后也开始运营自己的媒体公司,这也是我在职业生涯初始时所没有预料到的。我的公司做很多不同的业务,在过去这些年里,我访谈过一千多人。经常有年轻人对我说,“杨澜,你改变了我的人生”,我对此感到非常自豪。我也幸运的目睹了整个国家的转变:我参与了北京申奥和上海世博会。我看到中国在拥抱这个世界,而世界也进一步的接受中国。但有时我也在想,今天的年轻人的生活是什么样的?他们(与我们相比)有什么不同?他们将带给中国,甚至整个世界的未来一些怎样的变化?

So today I want to talk about young people through the platform of social media. First of all, who are they? [What] do they look like? Well this is a girl called Guo Meimei -- 20 years old, beautiful.

She showed off her expensive bags, clothes and car on her microblog, which is the Chinese version of Twitter. And she claimed to be the general manager of Red Cross at the Chamber of Commerce. She didn't realize that she stepped on a sensitive nerve and aroused national questioning, almost a turmoil, against the credibility of Red Cross. The controversy was so heated that the Red Cross had to open a press conference to clarify it, and the investigation is going on. 我想通过社交媒体来谈一谈中国的年轻人们。首先,他们是谁,他们是什么样子?这是一位叫郭美美的女孩儿,20岁,年轻漂亮。她在中国版的Twitter上——新浪微博上,炫耀她所拥有的奢侈品,衣服,包和车。她甚至宣称她是中国红十字会的工作人员。她没有意识到她的行为触及了中国民众极为敏感的神经,这引发了一场全民大讨论,民众开始质疑红十字会的公信力。中国红十字会为了平息这场争议甚至举办了一场记者会来澄清,直至今日,对于”郭美美事件“的调查仍在继续。

So far, as of today, we know that she herself made up that title -- probably because she feels proud to be associated with charity. All those expensive items were given to her as gifts by her boyfriend, who used to be a board member in a subdivision of Red Cross at Chamber of Commerce. It's very complicated to explain. But anyway, the public still doesn't buy it. It is still boiling. It shows us a general mistrust of government or government-backed institutions, which lacked transparency in the past. And also it showed us the power and the impact of social media as microblog.

时至今日,我们所知道的事实是,她谎报了她的头衔,可能是因为她的虚荣心,希望把自己和慈善机构联系起来。所有那些奢侈品都是她的男朋友给她买的,而那位”男朋友 “的确曾经是红十字会的工作人员。这解释起来很复杂,总之,公众对他们的解释仍然不满意,这仍然是在风口浪尖的一件事。这件事体现出(中国社会)对长期不 透明的政府机关的不信任,同时也表现出社交媒体(微博)巨大的社会影响力。

Microblog boomed in the year of 2010, with visitors doubled and time spent on it tripled. Sina.com, a major news portal, alone has more than 140 million microbloggers. On Tencent, 200 million. The most popular blogger -- it's not me -- it's a movie star, and she has more than 9.5 million followers, or fans. About 80 percent of those microbloggers are young people, under 30 years old. And because, as you know, the traditional media is still heavily controlled by the government, social media offers an opening to let the steam out a little bit. But because you don't have many other openings, the heat coming out of this opening is sometimes very strong, active and even violent.

微博在20xx年得到了爆炸性的增长,微博的访问用户增长了一倍,用户的访问时间是09年的三倍。新浪(Sina.com),一个最主要的微博平台,拥有 1.4亿的微博用户,而腾讯拥有两亿用户。(在中国)最有名的微博主——不是我——是一位电影明星,她拥有近九百五十万”粉丝“。接近80%的微博用户是 年轻人,三十岁以下。因为传统媒体还在政府的强力控制之下,社交媒体提供了一个开放的平台进行了一些(民众观点的)分流。因为这样分流的渠道并不多,从这 个平台上爆发出的能量往往非常强烈,有时候甚至过于强烈。

So through microblogging, we are able to understand Chinese youth even better. So how are they different? First of all, most of them were born in the 80s and 90s, under the one-child policy. And because of selected abortion by families who favored boys to girls, now we have ended up with 30 million more young men than women. That could pose a potential danger to the society, but who knows; we're in a globalized world, so they can look for girlfriends from other countries. Most of

them have fairly good education. The illiteracy rate in China among this generation is under one percent. In cities, 80 percent of kids go to college. But they are facing an aging China with a population above 65 years old coming up with seven-point-some percent this year, and about to be 15 percent by the year of 2030. And you know we have the tradition that younger generations support the elders financially, and taking care of them when they're sick. So it means young couples will have to support four parents who have a life expectancy of 73 years old.

通过微博,我们可以更好的了解到中国的年轻一代。首先,他们中的大多数都出生在八零九零年代,在独生子女的生育政策的大背景下长大。因为偏好男孩的家庭会选择性的堕胎,现在(中国)的年轻男性的数量多过年轻女性三千万,这可能带来社会的不稳定(危险),但是我们知道,在这个全球化的社会中,他们可能可以去其他国家找女朋友。大多数人都拥有良好的教育。这一代中国人中的文盲率已经低于1%。在城市中,80%的孩子可以上大学,但他们将要面对的是一个,有接近7%的人口都是老年人的社会,这个数字会在20xx年会增长到20xx年。在这个国家,传统是让年轻人来从经济上和医疗上来支持老年人,这意味着,一对年轻的夫妻将需要支持四个平均年龄是73岁的老人。

So making a living is not that easy for young people. College graduates are not in short supply. In urban areas, college graduates find the starting salary is about 400 U.S. dollars a month, while the average rent is above $500. So what do they do? They have to share space -- squeezed in very limited space to save money -- and they call themselves "tribe of ants." And for those who are ready to get married and buy their apartment, they figured out they have to work for 30 to 40 years to afford their first apartment. That ratio in America would only cost a couple five years to earn, but in China it's 30 to 40 years with the skyrocketing real estate price.

所以对于年轻人而言,生活并不是容易。本科毕业生也不在是紧缺资源。在城市中,本科生的月起薪通常是400美元(2500人民币),而公寓的平均月租金却是500美元。所以他们的解决方式是合租——挤在有限的空间中以节省开支,他们叫自己”蚁族。“ 对于那些准备好结婚并希望购买一套公寓的中国年轻夫妇而言,他们发现他们必须要不间断的工作30到40年才可以负担得起一套公寓。对于同样的美国年轻夫妇而言,他们只需要五年时间。

Among the 200 million migrant workers, 60 percent of them are young people. They find themselves sort of sandwiched between the urban areas and the rural areas. Most of them don't want to go back to the countryside, but they don't have the sense of belonging. They work for longer hours with less income, less social welfare. And they're more vulnerable to job losses, subject to inflation, tightening loans from banks, appreciation of the renminbi, or decline of demand from Europe or America for the products they produce. Last year, though, an appalling incident in a southern OEM manufacturing compound in China: 13 young workers in their late teens and early 20s committed suicide, just one by one like causing a contagious disease. But they died because of all different personal reasons. But this whole incident aroused a huge outcry from society about the isolation, both physical and mental, of these migrant workers.

在近两亿的涌入城市的农民工中,他们中的60%都是年轻人。他们发现自己被夹在了城市和农村中,大多数人不愿意回到农村,但他们在城市也找不到归属感。他们工作更长的时间却获得更少的薪水和社会福利。他们也更容易面临失业,受到通货膨胀,银行利率,人民币升值的影响,甚至美国和欧盟对于中国制造产品的抵制也会影响到他们。去年,在中国南方的一个制造工厂里,有十三位年轻的工人选择了结束自己的生命,一个接一个,像一场传染病。他们轻生的原因各有不同,但整个事件提醒了中国社会和政府,需要更多的关注这些在

精神上和生理上都与外界脱节的年轻农民工人。

For those who do return back to the countryside, they find themselves very welcome locally, because with the knowledge, skills and networks they have learned in the cities, with the assistance of the Internet, they're able to create more jobs, upgrade local agriculture and create new business in the less developed market. So for the past few years, the coastal areas, they found themselves in a shortage of labor.

对于那些回到农村的年轻人,他们所经历的城市生活,所学到的知识,技巧和建立的社会网络,让他们通常更受欢迎。特别是在互联网的帮助下,他们更有可能获得工作,提升农村的农业水平和发展新的商业机会。在过去的一些年中,一些沿海的城镇甚至出现了劳动力短缺。

These diagrams show a more general social background. The first one is the Engels coefficient, which explains that the cost of daily necessities has dropped its percentage all through the past decade, in terms of family income, to about 37-some percent. But then in the last two years, it goes up again to 39 percent, indicating a rising living cost. The Gini coefficient has already passed the dangerous line of 0.4. Now it's 0.5 -- even worse than that in America -- showing us the income inequality. And so you see this whole society getting frustrated about losing some of its mobility. And also, the bitterness and even resentment towards the rich and the powerful is quite widespread. So any accusations of corruption or backdoor dealings between authorities or business would arouse a social outcry or even unrest.

这些图片展现出整体的社会背景。第一张图片是恩格斯系数(食品支出占总消费支出的比例),可以看到在过去的十年中,食物和生活必需品在家庭消费中的比例有所下降(37%),然后在过去的两年中,这项指数上升到39%,说明近两年中生活成本的攀升。基尼系数早已越过了危险的0.4,到达0.5——这甚至高过了美国——体现出极大的贫富差距,所以我们才看到整个社会的失衡。同时,“仇富心态”也开始在整个社会蔓延,任何与腐败和走后门相关的政府或商业丑闻都会引发社会危机和不稳定。

So through some of the hottest topics on microblogging, we can see what young people care most about. Social justice and government accountability runs the first in what they demand. For the past decade or so, a massive urbanization and development have let us witness a lot of reports on the forced demolition of private property. And it has aroused huge anger and frustration among our young generation. Sometimes people get killed, and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest. So when these incidents are reported more and more frequently on the Internet, people cry for the government to take actions to stop this.

通过微博上很火的话题,我们可以看到年轻人的关注点。社会公正和政府的公信力是他们首要需求的。在过去的十年中,急速的城市化让民众读到太多强制私人住户拆迁的新闻,这引发了年轻一代的愤怒和不理解。有时候,被拆迁的住户以自杀和自焚的方式来抗议(强制拆迁行为)。当这些事件越来越常在互联网上被揭露出来,人们期待政府可以采取一些更积极的制止行动。

So the good news is that earlier this year, the state council passed a new regulation on house requisition and demolition and passed the right to order forced demolition from local governments to the court. Similarly, many other issues concerning public safety is a hot topic on the Internet. We heard about polluted air, polluted water, poisoned food. And guess what, we have faked beef.

They have sorts of ingredients that you brush on a piece of chicken or fish, and it turns it to look like beef. And then lately, people are very concerned about cooking oil, because thousands of people have been found [refining] cooking oil from restaurant slop. So all these things have aroused a huge outcry from the Internet. And fortunately, we have seen the government responding more timely and also more frequently to the public concerns.

好消息是,今年早些时候,人民代表大会通过了一项关于房屋征用和拆迁的新法规,将征用和拆迁的权利从当地政府移交到了法庭。相同的,很多其他与公共安全相关的问题也在互联网上被热烈讨论。我们听到有太多空气污染,水污染,有毒食品的报道。你甚至都想不到,我们还有假牛肉。人们用一种特殊的材料加入鸡肉和鱼肉中,然后以牛肉的价格进行出售。最近,人们对食用油也很担忧,大量的餐馆被发现在使用“地沟油“。所有这些事件引发了互联网上民众观点的大爆发。幸运的是,我们看到了政府正在更积极和更及时的对这些民众的质疑给予回应。

While young people seem to be very sure about their participation in public policy-making, but sometimes they're a little bit lost in terms of what they want for their personal life. China is soon to pass the U.S. as the number one market for luxury brands -- that's not including the Chinese expenditures in Europe and elsewhere. But you know what, half of those consumers are earning a salary below 2,000 U.S. dollars. They're not rich at all. They're taking those bags and clothes as a sense of identity and social status. And this is a girl explicitly saying on a TV dating show that she would rather cry in a BMW than smile on a bicycle. But of course, we do have young people who would still prefer to smile, whether in a BMW or [on] a bicycle.

一方面,年轻人越来越积极的参与到公共事务中;另一方面,他们也在寻找或者说迷失与个人生活的价值和定位。中国很快就要超过美国,成为世界上第一大奢侈品消费国——这还不包括中国人在国外的消费。但你知道吗,超过半数中国的奢侈品消费者的(年)收入都低于两千美元。他们其实并不富裕,他们用那些奢侈品牌的服装和包体现身份和社会地位。这是一位在电视节目上公然表明,自己宁愿在宝马车里哭也不坐在自行车后笑的年轻女孩。当然,我们也有更多的年轻人,喜欢微笑,不管是在宝马还是在自行车上。

So in the next picture, you see a very popular phenomenon called "naked" wedding, or "naked" marriage. It does not mean they will wear nothing in the wedding, but it shows that these young couples are ready to get married without a house, without a car, without a diamond ring and without a wedding banquet, to show their commitment to true love. And also, people are doing good through social media. And the first picture showed us that a truck caging 500 homeless and kidnapped dogs for food processing was spotted and stopped on the highway with the whole country watching through microblogging. People were donating money, dog food and offering volunteer work to stop that truck. And after hours of negotiation, 500 dogs were rescued. And here also people are helping to find missing children. A father posted his son's picture onto the Internet. After thousands of [unclear], the child was found, and we witnessed the reunion of the family through microblogging.

在下一幅图中,你看到的是现在非常流行的”裸婚“,这并不代表这“裸露出席婚礼”,这体现的是年轻人愿意接受结婚不买房,不买车,不买钻戒,甚至不办婚宴的这个现实,作为对纯朴的真爱的致敬。但同时,人们也在通过社交媒体做一些善事。这副图片里,这辆车上装有500只被”绑架“来,准备被送去屠宰的狗,这辆车被网友们发现后,人们开始通过微博关注事态的进展,并且通过捐钱,捐食物和做义工来试图拦截该车。在几个小时的周旋后,

这500条狗获救并被放生。有更多的人在通过微博寻找丢失的孩子。一位父亲将他失散的儿子的照片发布到微博上,在几千条”转发“之后,他的儿子被找到,家庭的团聚也在微博上被报道出来。

So happiness is the most popular word we have heard through the past two years. Happiness is not only related to personal experiences and personal values, but also, it's about the environment. People are thinking about the following questions: Are we going to sacrifice our environment further to produce higher GDP? How are we going to perform our social and political reform to keep pace with economic growth, to keep sustainability and stability? And also, how capable is the system of self-correctness to keep more people content with all sorts of friction going on at the same time? I guess these are the questions people are going to answer. And our younger generation are going to transform this country while at the same time being transformed themselves.

“幸福(感)”是近两年中国的流行词汇。幸福感不仅仅与个人体验和价值观相关,更多的,它与环境息息相关。人们在思考:我们是否要牺牲环境来提升GDP?我们要怎样进行社会和政治体制的改革来应对经济的发展,保持稳定性和可持续性发展?同时,这个系统的自我修正能力是否足够强大,是否能够让生活在其中的人民接受在前进过程中的各种压力和困难?我想这些都是中国人民需要回答的问题,而中国的年轻一代将在改变这个国家的过程中也改变自己。

Thank you very much.

非常感谢。

相关推荐