奥运术语

奥运术语

1. 奥运村综合医院(Olympic Village Polyclinic)

奥运村内主要负责运动员和官员综合医疗工作的医疗设施。

The medical facility at the Olympic Village that offers comprehensive health care primarily for athletes and officials.

2. 奥运村(Olympic Village)

奥运村是指专门为运动员及随行官员预留的安全可靠的住宿综合区。(参看奥林匹克宪章第42条)

The Olympic Village is a safe and secure accommodation complex reserved exclusively for athletes and accompanying officials. (see Olympic Charter Rule 42)

3. 奥林匹克火炬(Olympic Torch)

奥运火炬及矿灯被用来将奥林匹克圣火从希腊的奥林匹亚传递到主办城市,直至到达奥林匹克体育场。(参看奥林匹克宪章第18条)

Olympic torches are used, together with miners lamps, for transporting the Olympic Flame from Olympia (Greece) to the Host City, up to the Olympic stadium. (See Olympic Charter Rule 18)

4. 奥运电视研究中心(Olympic Television Research Centre (OTRC))

奥运电视研究中心隶属体育运动市场开发调查组织(SMS),由国际奥委会创建,是一个负责监测奥运会全球转播情况的代理机构。

The Olympic Television Research Centre is an agency established by the IOC within Sports Marketing Surveys (SMS) to monitor the global broadcast of the Olympic Games.

5. 奥运电视网(Olympic Television Network)

接收到有线电视信号的奥林匹克大家庭的所有部门,包括国际广播中心(IBC)、奥运场馆、饭店以及奥运村。

All areas within the Olympic Family including IBC, venues, hotels and Olympic Village, being fed CATV signals.

6. 奥运电视档案署(Olympic Television Archive Bureau (OTAB))

奥运电视档案署是世界上最大、最全的奥运会电影胶片库,由TWI公司代为国际奥委会管理。

Olympic Television Archive Bureau, the largest, most comprehensive library of Olympic Games footage in the world, managed by Trans World International (TWI) for the IOC.

7. 奥林匹克标志(Olympic Symbol)

奥林匹克标志是指用单独使用的单色或多种颜色的奥林匹克五环。这一五环套接的图案标志经国际奥委会商标注册,属国际奥委会财产,象征着奥林匹克运动和奥运会。正式的图样设计现存放在国际奥委会总部。奥林匹克标志代表五大洲的团结和来自世界各地的运动员在奥运会上的相聚。奥林匹克标志的所有权属国际奥委会专有。(参看奥林匹克宪章第12条) The five Olympic rings used alone, in one or in several colours. The emblem of five interlocking rings that represents the Olympic Movement and the Olympic Games, which is the trademarked property of the IOC. The official design as deposited at the IOC headquarters. The Olympic symbol represents the union of the five continents and the meeting of athletes from throughout the world at the Olympic Games. All rights to the Olympic symbol belong exclusively to the IOC. (see Olympic Charter Rule 12)

8. 夏季奥运会比赛项目(Olympic Summer Sports)

The IOC recognised sports that participate in the summer Olympic Games.

NT 水上运动 NT Aquatics 射箭 Archery 田径 Athletics

羽毛球 Badminton 棒球 Baseball 篮球 Basketball 拳击Boxing 皮划艇 Canoe/Kayak 自行车 Cycling 马术 Equestrian 击剑 Fencing 足球 Football 体操 Gymnastics 手球 Handball 曲棍球 Hockey 柔道 Judo 现代五项 Modern Pentathlon 赛艇 Rowing 帆船Sailing 射击 Shooting 垒球 Softball 乒乓球Table Tennis 跆拳道Taekwondo 网球Tennis 铁人三项 Triathlon 排球 (竞赛大项) Volleyball (sport) 举重Weightlifting 摔跤Wrestling 类别: 通用Category: Generic

9. 奥林匹克体育场(Olympic Stadium)

举行田径比赛及奥运会的开闭幕式的场馆。

The venue for Athletics and the Opening & Closing Ceremonies at the Olympic Games.

10. 奥运会比赛项目(Olympic Sports Programme)

国际奥委会确定只含奥林匹克体育项目奥运会比赛项目。奥运会比赛项目包括奥林匹克宪章所规定的竞赛大项、分项和小项。(参看奥林匹克宪章第52条)

The IOC establishes the programme of the Olympic Games, which only includes Olympic Sports. The Olympic sport programme consists of sports, disciplines and events, which are defined in the Olympic Charter. (see Olympic Charter Rule 52)

11. 奥林匹克团结基金计划(Olympic Solidarity Programmes)

奥林匹克团结基金代为国家奥委会的利益运作的财政和技术项目。

Financial and technical projects that are run by Olympic Solidarity for the benefit of the NOCs.

12. 奥林匹克团结基金(Olympic Solidarity (OS))

奥林匹克团结基金

奥林匹克团结基金是负责对分配给国家奥委会的奥运会电视转播权份额进行支配与管理的机构。基金会根据奥林匹克团结基金委员会审核过的具体的技术和财政支持项目履行上述职责。基金会通过精心设计项目,满足国家奥委会和各大洲协会的具体需求和首要目标,协助他们开展体育运动。

Olympic Solidarity is the body responsible for managing and administering the share of the television rights of the Olympic Games that is allocated to the National Olympic Committees (NOCs). It exercises this responsibility in accordance with the specific programmes of technical and financial assistance approved by the Olympic Solidarity Commission. It assists the NOCs and the Continental Associations with their efforts for the development of sport through programmes carefully devised to match their specific needs and priorities.

13. 奥林匹克运动员奖学金计划(Olympic Scholarships for Athletes)

奥林匹克运动员奖学金计划是一项奥林匹克团结基金计划。 该计划对有潜力的运动员提供资金支持,使他们能为争取奥运会的参赛资格而不断训练、比赛和进步。各国家奥委会提名推荐本国的运动员人选。

The Olympic Scholarships for Athletes Programme is an Olympic Solidarity programme offering promising athletes, nominated by their respective NOCs, funding to allow them to train, compete and improve in their goal of qualification for the Olympic Games.

14. 奥林匹克五环(Olympic Rings)

USE 奥林匹克标志 USE Olympic Symbol

15. 奥运会纪录(Olympic Record (OR))

16. 奥林匹克广播和电视组织(Olympic Radio and Television Organisation (ORTO))

17. 奥林匹克项目委员会(Olympic Programme Commission)

奥运项目委员会负责审查和分析奥运会比赛项目中的竞赛大项、分项和小项,以及夏、冬两季奥运会每一竞赛大项的参赛运动员人数。 项目委员会还负责撰写与夏、冬季奥运会奥运项目的准则和结构体系相关的建议。 项目委员会向国际奥委会执行委员会提交建议。 后者则须在20xx年11月于墨西哥城举行的国际奥委会第114次全会上就20xx年都灵冬奥会和20xx年北京奥运会比赛项目提交一份报告。

The Olympic Programme Commission is responsible for reviewing and analysing the programme of sports, disciplines and events, and also the number of athletes, in each sport for the Games of the Olympiad and the Olympic Winter Games. It is also responsible for developing recommendations on the principles and structure of the Olympic Programme for the Olympic Games and the Olympic Winter Games. The Commission makes recommendations in this regard to the IOC Executive Board, which shall present a report to the 114th IOC Session in November 2002 in Mexico City for the programmes of the Turin 2006 Olympic Winter Games and the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.

18. 奥林匹克图片档案署(Olympic Photographic Archive Bureau (OPAB))

奥林匹克图片档案署是国际奥委会指定用来维护和管理奥林匹克图片档案的机构,由全体育图片社(Allsport)管理。全体育图片社属盖荻图片库(Getty Images)的分支机构,是国际奥委会的官方摄影代理商,也是由国际奥委会指定来对奥林匹克图片档案署进行维护和管理的机构。

Olympic Photographic Archive Bureau, managed by Allsport, is the organisation designated by the IOC to maintain and manage the Olympic Photographic Archive. AllSport is the official photography agent to the IOC (a division of Getty Images) and the organisation designated by the IOC to maintain and manage the Olympic Photographic Archive Bureau (OPAB).

19. 奥林匹克集邮、纪念币和纪念品委员会(Olympic Philately, Numismatic and Memorabilia Commission)

奥林匹克集邮、钱币和纪念品委员会(OPNMC)由国际奥林匹克集邮联合会(FIPO)、国际奥林匹克纪念币联合会(FINO)以及国际奥林匹克纪念品联合会(FIMO)组成,并与这三个联合会秉持同一个目标,即将所有的奥运收藏活动与奥林匹克运动的各项文化活动结合起来,提升奥运收藏的知名度。

The Olympic Philately, Numismatic and Memorabilia Commission (OPNMC) is comprised of the International Federation of Olympic Philately (FIPO), the International Federation of Olympic Numismatic (FINO), and the International Olympic Memorabilia Federation

(FIMO). The OPNMC in conjunction with the FIPO, FINO, and FIMO share the same goal: to increase awareness of all Olympic collections by linking them to the cultural activities of the Olympic Movement.

20. 奥林匹克全球合作伙伴计划(Olympic Partner Programme, The (TOP))

奥林匹克全球合作伙伴计划(TOP)是国际奥委会创立的国际性奥运会市场开发项目。包括奥组委、国家奥委会和奥林匹克全球合作伙伴。

The Olympic Partner Programme (TOP) is an international Olympic marketing programme created by the IOC, which includes the Organising Committees of the Games, the National Olympic Committees and the TOP Partners.

NT TOP

Category: Generic

21. 奥林匹克运动(Olympic Movement)

奥林匹克运动

奥林匹克运动由国际奥委会领导,包括愿意接受奥林匹克宪章的指导组织、运动员和其他人员。 奥林匹克运动的目标是通过没有任何歧视且体现奥林匹克精神的体育运动教育青年,从而为建设一个和平、更加美好的世界做出贡献。为实现这一目标需要相互理解,发扬友谊、团结和公平竞赛的精神。

The movement, led by the IOC, encompassing those organisations, athletes and other persons who agree to be guided by the Olympic Charter, the goal of which is to contribute to building a peaceful and better world by educating youth through sport practiced without discrimination of any kind and in the Olympic spirit, which requires mutual understanding with a spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair play.

NT 申办过程 NT Bid Process 代表大会Congresses

洲际组织Continental Associations 职能部门al Areas

主办城市Host Cities 国际奥委会International Olympic Committee

国际奥林匹克体育联合会International Olympic Sport Federations

国际奥组委认可的机构IOC Recognised Organisations

国家奥委会National Olympic Committees 观察员计划Observer Programme 奥运选手Olympians 奥林匹克会歌Olympic Anthem

奥林匹克宪章Olympic Charter 奥林匹克大家庭Olympic Family

奥运会Olympic Games 奥运会知识服务公司Olympic Games Knowledge Services

奥林匹克格言Olympic Motto 奥林匹克主义Olympism

22. 奥林匹克格言(Olympic Motto)

奥林匹克格言 ―更快、更高、更强‖,是国际奥委会传递给所有参与奥林匹克运动的人员的信息,鼓励他们发挥奥林匹克精神,奋发图强、不断进取。(参看奥林匹克宪章第14条) ―Citius. Altius. Fortius.‖ Often translated as ―Swifter, Higher, Stronger,‖ the Olympic motto expresses the message which the IOC addresses to all who belong to the Olympic Movement, inviting them to excel in accordance with the Olympic spirit. (see Olympic Charter Rule 14)

23. 奥林匹克标识(Olympic Marks)

奥林匹克标识是指代表奥林匹克组织或奥林匹克运动的任一正式商标、设计、会徽、标志、艺术品、术语、短语或其他特征。这些特征包括奥林匹克五环标志、奥林匹克会旗、奥林匹克格言、奥林匹克徽记及奥林匹克会歌。

NT 历史标识 NT Historical Marks 国际奥委会标识IOC Marks

标识审批Marks Approval 国家奥委会标识NOC Marks

奥组委标识OCOG Marks

Any official trademark, design, logo, symbol, art product, term, phrase, or other distinguishing feature that serves to represent an Olympic organisation or the Olympic Movement. Such features include the Olympic symbol, the Olympic flag, the Olympic motto, an Olympic emblem, and the Olympic anthem.

24. 奥运会形象(Olympic Image)

奥运会形象是奥运会的精髓,也是全世界人民共同的思想和情感。奥运会形象源自视觉的,或文字的,抑或图文并茂的要素(如一个字、一个标志、一种符号、一种设计、一条术语或是所有这些的结合体),播散着奥运会和奥运健将们的风采与形象,承载着他们的殷切期望和遐想,是奥运会的核心品牌或信息。

The core essence of the Olympic Games as it is found in the thoughts and emotions of people around the world. The core brand or message of the Olympic Games, stemming from elements that are either visual or verbal or both (e.g., a word, a mark, a symbol, a design, a term, or a combination of these) that communicate the identity and the

image of the Olympic Games and the Olympic athletes, and that convey a set of expectations of and associations with the Olympic Games and the Olympic athletes.

25. 奥林匹克会歌(Olympic Anthem)

奥林匹克会歌系指国际奥委会在19xx年于东京举行的第55次全会上批准的会歌。其乐谱现存放于国际奥委会总部。(参看奥林匹克宪章第16条)

That Anthem approved by the IOC at its 55th Session in 1958 in Tokyo, the core of which has been deposited at the IOC headquarters. (see Olympic Charter Rule 16)

26. 奥运会选手(Olympians)

奥运会选手系指以运动员的身份参加奥运会的人员。

Persons who have participated as athletes at the Olympic Games.

27. 奥运会总结报告(Official Report)

奥运会结束后,奥组委编写一份奥运会总结报告,详尽的介绍奥运会的策划、组织和举办情况。该报告还收录奥运会的正式比赛成绩。夏季奥运会总结报告的确切名称如下:第27届奥林匹克运动会总结报告。该报告系《主办城市合同》中对于奥组委的一项要求。(参看奥林匹克宪章第60条及其细则)

Upon completion of the Games, the OCOG prepares the Official Report that details the planning, organisation and celebration of the Olympic Games. This report also includes the official competition results of the Games. The correct wording for the Official Report of the Summer Games is shown in the following example: The Official Report of the Games of the XXVII Olympiad. This report is a host city contract requirement of the OCOG. (See Olympic Charter Rule 60 and its Bye-law)

28. 官方用语(Official Languages)

奥林匹克宪章第27条第1、3款规定,国际奥组委官方用语为法语和英语。除另有书面明确说明外,一旦奥林匹克宪章及其他国际奥委会文件的英法文出现歧义,以法文为准。 The official languages of the IOC are French and English, as stipulated in clauses 1 and 3 of Article 27 in the Olympic Charter. In the case of divergence between the French and English texts of the Olympic Charter and all other IOC documents, the French text shall prevail unless expressly provided otherwise in writing.

29. 办公室管理(Office Management)

办公室管理部门负责制订计划,为奥组委提供总部并对其运行进行管理,在奥运会之前和奥运会期间为各部门人员(授薪人员, 实习人员, 顾问, 临时职员, 志愿职员和赞助商派遣人员)提供合适的工作条件。奥组委可成立专门部门负责办公室管理工作。

The Office Management area plans and manages the delivery and operation of Games Headquarters for the OCOG, providing suitable premises to accommodate the administrative s (of paid staff, secondees, consultants, temporary staff, volunteer staff and VIK staff) for the period leading up to and including the Games. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Office Management aspects.

30. 机场外办理登机手续(Off-Airport Processing)

在机场外进行的航班登记手续。对于奥运会来说,这一手续通常在奥运村办理。

An airline check-in process located outside of the airport. For an Olympic Games this process is usually conducted at the Olympic Village.

31. 奥组委医疗人员(OCOG Medical Staff)

不论以何种身份为奥运会提供医疗保健服务或参与提供医疗服务的所有奥组委注册人员。这些人包括但不限于医师、护士、理疗师、急救人员、救护车司机、直升机驾驶员、护理人员、足病医师、验光师、药剂师等。

All the OCOG accredited persons who are acting in any capacity in delivering health care or participating in the provision of medical services for the Games. These persons include but not limited to: physicians, nurses, physiotherapists, first aid staff, ambulance drivers, helicopter pilots, paramedics, podiatrists, optometrists, pharmacists, etc.

32. 奥组委标志(OCOG Marks)

系指奥组委经商标注册过的所有标志和称谓中的任何一种。

Any of all of the trademarked symbols and designations of an Organising Committee for the Olympic Games.

33. 奥运会身份和注册卡(Olympic Identity and Accreditation Card (OIAC))

奥运会身份和注册卡是指由国际奥委会通过奥组委颁发的个人卡片。卡片持有者有权参加奥运会。卡片系卡片持有者的身份证明,明确了卡片持有者在奥运会上享有的准入权及其他特权;如有需要,卡片与护照或其他有效旅行证件结合使用,可授予持有者入境权。

A personalised card granted by the IOC, through the OCOG, which confers on its holder the right to attend the Olympic Games. It establishes the identity of the holder, identifies the access rights and other privileges of the card holder for the Olympic Games and if required authorises entry into the country together with a passport or other valid travel (See Olympic Charter Rules 65-66)

34. 奥林匹克颂词(Olympic Hymn)

奥运会的正式颂词。有关详情可从国际奥委会获取。

The official Hymn of the Games, details of which are obtained from the IOC.

35. 奥林匹克医院(Olympic Hospitals)

系指与奥组委签订协议并将优先接待以各种身份(观众、运动员和其他注册人员)参加奥运会的各类别人员的医院。

Hospitals that have signed an agreement with the OCOG and will give priority to certain categories of people attending the Games in different capacities (spectators, athletes and other accredited persons).

36. 奥运会研究委员会(Olympic Games Study Commission)

奥运会研究委员会于20xx年7月向在布拉格举行的第115次国际奥委会全会提交了一份报告。报告就如何控制奥运会组织工作的规模、成本和复杂程度提出了若干建议。虽然该委员会在会后就被解散,但其基本理论和执行体系将在以后的奥运会乃至更远的将来得到贯彻。 The Olympic Games Study Commission presented its report to the 115th IOC Session in Prague in July 2003. The report contained a number of recommendations on how to reduce the size, cost and complexity of organising the Olympic Games. After this Session, the Commission was dissolved, however its philosophy and implementation will carry on throughout the forthcoming Games and beyond.

37. 奥林匹克运动会(Olympic Games (OG))

夏季奥运会应被称为―第多少届奥林匹克运动会‖(采用罗马数字);冬季奥运会则为―奥林匹克冬季运动会‖。

The Summer Games should be referred to as the 'Games of the [number expressed in roman numerals] Olympiad' and the Winter Games referred to as the 'Olympic Winter Games'.

38. 奥林匹克圣火(Olympic Flame)

奥林匹克圣火在希腊的奥林匹亚点燃,并藉由火炬和矿灯带到开幕式上, 点燃主火炬塔。(参看奥林匹克宪章第18条)

The Olympic flame is kindled in Olympia (Greece) and brought by torch and miners lamps to light the flame in the cauldron during the Opening Ceremony. (See Olympic Charter Rule 18)

39. 奥林匹克会旗(Olympic Flag)

奥林匹克会旗白底,无边,正中印有五色奥林匹克五环标志。会旗的设计和大小与顾拜旦在19xx年的巴黎代表大会上提交的样旗的标准一致。(参看奥林匹克宪章第13条)

The flag has a white background, with no border. In its centre is located the Olympic symbol in its five colours. Its design and proportions are those of the flag presented by Pierre de Coubertin at the Paris Congress in 1914. (see Olympic Charter Rule 13)

40. 奥林匹克大家庭(Olympic Family)

奥林匹克大家庭包括奥运会运动员、国际奥委会、奥运会组织委员会、国家奥委会以及国际单项体育联合会。

The Olympic Family includes the Olympic athletes, the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the Organising Committees for the Olympic Games (OCOGs), the National Olympic Committees (NOCs) and the International Sports Federations (IFs).

41. 奥林匹克徽记(Olympic Emblem)

国际奥委会批准的一种把奥林匹克五环标志与另一独特元素组合在一起的设计图案。

A design, as approved by the IOC, integrating the Olympic Symbol with another distinctive element.

42. 亚洲奥林匹克理事会(Olympic Council of Asia (OCA))

为代表并促进亚洲地区国家奥委会利益而形成的洲际协会。

Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) is the continental association formed to represent and further the interests of National Olympic Committees of Asia.

43. 奥林匹克俱乐部(Olympic Club)

国际奥委会创建的奥运会市场开发接待设施。国际奥委会于每一届奥运会上设立的一处接待设施,供奥林匹克市场开发及其合作伙伴的执行主管和员工娱乐、餐饮和临时商用。

The Olympic Games marketing hospitality facility created by the IOC. A hospitality facility created by the IOC at each Olympic Games for Olympic Marketing and Marketing Partner executives and personnel to for entertainment, dining and casual business purposes.

44. 奥林匹克宪章(Olympic Charter)

奥林匹克宪章是对国际奥委会所采用的基本原则、规则和细则的汇编。宪章支配着奥林匹克运动的组织与运行,并对奥运会举行条件做出规定。

The Olympic Charter is the codification of the Fundamental Principles, Rules and Bye-laws adopted by the IOC. It governs the organisation and operation of the Olym

pic Movement and stipulates the conditions for the celebration of the Olympic Games.

45. 奥运会转播协议(Olympic Broadcast Agreement)

奥运会转播协议是国际奥委会、奥组委和奥运转播商共同签署的协议或合同。该转播协议授予在某一国家内的转播奥运会的权利,并明确了此种权利授予的期限和条件。

The agreement or contract between the IOC, the OCOG, and the Olympic broadcaster that grants the rights to broadcast the Olympic Games within a given country and that outlines the terms and conditions for the granting of such rights.

46. 奥组委市场开发计划(OCOG Marketing Plan)(Plan de marketing du COJO) 奥组委(夏季或冬季奥运会组委会)与国际奥委会协商后制定的市场开发计划。该计划与奥组委市场开发项目和奥林匹克合作伙伴计划的构成和执行相关,并经奥组委执委会批准同意并由国际奥委会书面批准。

The marketing plan developed by the OCOG (Olympic Committee for the Olympic Games or Olympic Winter Games) in consultation with the IOC, relating to the structure and implementation of the OCOG Marketing Programme and the TOP programme as approved by the OCOG Board and by the IOC in writing.

47. 大洋洲奥委会协会(Oceania National Olympic Committees (ONOC))

大洋洲奥委会协会是为了代表并促进大洋洲地区国家奥委会利益而成立的洲际协会。 Oceania National Olympic Committees (ONOC) is the continental association formed to represent and further the interests of National Olympic Committees of Oceania.

48. 纪念币计划(Numismatic Programme)

一项以为奥林匹克运动创造收入、增强公众的奥运会意识为目的,设计、制造并对外发行奥林匹克硬币的计划。

A programme that designs, creates, and makes available to the public Olympic coins to generate revenue for the Olympic Movement and awareness of the Olympic Games.

49. 国家残疾人奥委会代表团入场式(NPC Delegation Parade)

属残奥会开幕式的一部分。待主办国国家元首由国际残疾人奥林匹克委员会主席和奥组委主席迎接完毕并在官方专席上坐定后,参赛者入场式开始。开幕式上,代表团统一着各自残疾人奥委会的正式制服,由代表团成员高举会旗,在标有代表团名称的牌板引导下列队入场。

除主办国代表团最后入场外,其他各国代表团的入场顺序依照主办国语言的字母顺序进行。只有残奥会注册运动员和随队官员才有资格参加入场仪式。

Part of the Paralympic Opening Ceremony. After the head of state of host country has been received by the IPC President and the OCOG President, and is seated in his/her box in the official stand, the Participants Parade begins. During the Opening Ceremony, each delegation, dressed in its NPC Formal Uniform, must be preceded by a name-board bearing its name and must be accompanied by its flag, to be carried by a member of the delegation. The delegations parade in alphabetical order according to the language of the host country, except for the host country, which brings up the rear. Only the athletes and team officials accredited for the Paralympic Games may take part in the parade.

50. 国家残疾人奥委会代表团(NPC Delegation)

残疾人奥林匹克运动会上代表一个国家残疾人奥林匹克委员会的所有运动员和随队官员。 All athletes and team officials representing a National Paralympic Committee at the Paralympic Games.

51. 无效卡(Non-Valid Card (NVC))

未经过奥运会会期生效程序的奥运会身份和注册卡。

Olympic Identification and Accreditation Card that has not yet been through the Games time validation process.

52. 非功能标志(Non-al Signage)

无功用标志系指在特许经营店内使用的额外的品牌元素(如霓虹灯, 海报, 装饰)。除可口可乐公司外,其他赞助商通常都不允许使用非功能标志。

Non-al signage refers to additional branding elements that are of no al use in a concession (e.g. neon lights, posters, decorations). Non-al signage is generally not permitted by any sponsor other than Coca-Cola.

53. 非排他准入期(Non-Exclusive Access Period)

指奥运会前后的时期,奥组委基于非排他性使用的原则对场馆作适应性调整或翻修,以供奥运会使用。这一阶段对场馆的使用需与场馆经营者协调。

Pre-Olympic and post-Olympic periods when the OCOG adapts or retrofits the venue for Olympic use on a non-exclusive access basis. Access to the venue during this phase is coordinated with the Venue Operator.

54. 非竞赛场馆(Non-Competition Venue (NCV))

非竞赛场馆是指在明确划定的安全区域内,正式用于举办奥委会和/或残奥会的非竞赛场地,由奥组委和/或其合作伙伴/机构运作,属奥组委和/或其合作伙伴/机构专用场地。需要指出的是,比赛场馆也可以举办非竞赛活动,但并不归为非竞赛场馆类。

A non-competition site operated by the OCOG and/or its partners/agencies, located within a secure perimeter, subject to exclusive use of the OCOG and/or its partners/agencies, officially used to deliver the Olympic and or Paralympic Games. Note that a competition venue may also host non-competition activities, but is not classified as a non-competition venue.

55. 提名委员会(Nominations Commission)

为了制定一项选举与重新选举国际奥委会委员的程序,第110次国际奥委会全会成立了一个提名委员会。奥林匹克宪章规定,提名委员会的任务是对每位申请国际奥委会成员资格的候选人进行审查并向国际奥委会执行委员会提交对每位候选人的审查报告。

The 110th IOC Session created a Nominations Commission in order to institute a procedure for electing and re-electing IOC members. The task of the Commission, as noted in the Olympic Charter, is to examine each candidature for membership of the IOC and to establish a report on each candidature to the IOC Executive Board.

56. 国家奥委会援助基金(NOC Support Grants)

支付给国家奥委会用于解决运动员和官员参加奥运会旅途开销的资金。

Funding offered to the NOCs related to the cost of travel for athletes and officials to attend the Olympic Games.

57. 国家奥委会服务(NOC Services)

国家奥委会服务系指对奥运会组织委员会和各国家奥委会之间联络工作的管理。奥运会组织委员会可成立专门部门办理国家奥委会服务事宜。

NOC Services relates to managing the liaison between the OCOG and the National Olympic Committees. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with NOC Services aspects.

NT 过境许可单 NT Carnet 代表团团长Chef de Mission

代表团成员Delegation Members 国家奥委会代表团NOC Delegation

国家奥委会官员NOC Officials 国家奥委会援助基金NOC Support Grants

58. 国家奥委会官员(NOC Officials)

依照奥林匹克宪章第42条的规定有权在奥运村居住的所有国家奥委会主要官员(包括医务人员、技术教练以及管理人员)。

All primary NOC officials (including medical staff, technical coaches and administration personnel) who are entitled to reside in the Olympic Village under Rule 42 of the Olympic Charter.

59. 国家奥委会医务人员(NOC Medical Staff)

处理本国运动员医护事宜和福利事务的国家奥委会的注册医护人员的统称。

All NOC accredited medical staff who are dealing with the health and welfare of their national athletes.

60. 国家奥委会医疗设施(NOC Medical Facilities)

医疗区是设在奥运村的国家奥委会设施的一部分,可供国家奥委会医师为己方的运动员进行医疗护理。

Medical spaces, part of the NOC facilities at the Olympic Village, where NOC physicians are able to provide health care for their athletes.

61. 国家奥委会标志(NOC Marks)

某一国家奥委会或所有国家奥委会注册过的所有标志和称谓中的一个。

Any of all of the trademarked symbols and designations of an NOC or of all NOCs.

62. 国家奥委会的客人(NOC Guests)

应国家奥委会邀请参加奥运会的客人。

Invitees of the NOC attending the Olympic Games.

63. 国家奥委会代表团(NOC Delegation)

奥运会上代表一个国家奥委会的全体运动员和官员的统称。

All athletes and officials representing a National Olympic Committee at the Olympic Games.

64. 场馆开发(Venue Development)

场馆开发指对奥运会场馆和基础设施的设计和建设的管理。组委会可以设立一个职能部门,专门处理场馆开发方面的事务。

Venue Development relates to the management of the design and construction of the Olympic venues and facilities. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Venue Development aspects.

NT 运动员区NT Athlete Areas 建筑物Building

竞赛面Competition Surface 计算机辅助设计Computer Aided Design 供暖、通风及空调Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning

周边地区Precinct 地点Site

临时及可移动设施Temporaries & Portables 场馆改建Venue Adaptation 主通道Vomitory 热身区Warm Up Area

65. 场馆通信中心(VCC)(Venue Communications Centre (VCC))

这个机构(VCC)通过接收、监控和指导无线电传输、电话、信息、传真、天气预报和贵宾的活动情况来管理场馆内外的通信活动。

This entity (VCC) manages the communication within and outside the venue by receiving, monitoring and directing radio transmissions, telephone calls, messages, faxes, weather reports and VIP movement.

66. 场馆转播经理(Venue Broadcasting Manager (VBM))

67. 场馆及基础设施建设进度表(VICS)(Venue and Infrastructure Construction Schedule (VICS))

作为一种工程管理工具, 其主要用于确定实现每个竞赛场馆、主要非竞赛场馆以及奥运会相关基础设施建设项目在建设进度上重大事件的时间表。重大事件包括可行性研究/环境影响评估、设计阶段、招投标、签订合同、永久性工程建设、测试和临建安装。各个项目的参考信息包括简要的规模说明、预算、场馆容量(必要时)、负责机构、风险等级及相关问题。国际奥委会提供这种时刻表的格式。所有项目只能采用一个VICS。

A project management tool identifying the time schedule for achieving key milestones in the construction process for each competition venue, key non-competition venue and Games-related infrastructure construction project. Milestones include feasibility study / environmental impact assessment, design phases, tendering, award of contracts, construction of permanent works, testing, installation of overlay. Reference information given for each project includes a brief scope deions, budget, venue capacity where relevant, responsible organisation, risk level and issues. The IOC provides the format for this schedule. Only one VICS is produced covering all projects.

68. 场馆改建(Venue Adaptation)

69. 场馆注册中心(Venue Accreditation Centres)

场馆注册中心设在奥运会场馆内,主要对于随时出现的任何例外或突发性注册问题提供及时、临时的解决方案。

Venue accreditation centres are located at Olympic venues, to provide immediate temporary resolutions to any exceptional or urgent accreditation problems that may arise.

70. 场馆通行代码(Venue Access Codes)

这些由组委会编制的字母代码印制在奥运会身份及注册卡上,主要代表具体的场馆。

Alpha codes created by the OCOG to represent its specific venues that are printed on an Olympic Identification and Accreditation Card.

71. 场馆(Venue)

由组委会以及/或者其合作伙伴/代理机构(通常由一支多职能的场馆团队)来经营的极为重要的地点,位于某个封闭的区域内,完全供组委会以及/或者其合作伙伴/代理机构使用,正式用来举行奥林匹克运动会。

A site, typically of primary importance, operated by the OCOG and/or its partners/agencies (usually by a multi-al venue team), located within a secure perimeter, subject to the exclusive use of the OCOG and/or its partners/agencies, officially used to deliver the Olympic Games.

NT:竞赛场馆NT Competition Venue

非竞赛场馆Non-Competition Venue

训练场馆Training Venue

72. 车辆检查站(VCP)(Vehicle Check Point (VCP))

所有经过授权的车辆进入周边地区或场馆时通过的门

73. 第21届冬季奥运会温哥华组委会(VOCOG)

74. 现金等价物( in Kind (VIK))

现金等价物是奥运会赞助商提供的非现金赞助和支持,通常体现为产品、服务、技术和人员配备。商品或服务或市场开发特权是为回报被授予或批准的任何广告、促销、商业或其他权利或与此相关而提供的,用于补充或替代现金。组委会可以设立职能部门,专门处理现金等价物方面的事务。

in Kind (VIK) is the provision of any non-monetary contribution of support from a sponsor to an Olympic organisation, often in the form of products, services, expertise and personnel deployment. The of goods or services or marketing advantages to be supplied in return for, or in connection with, any advertising, promotional, commercial or other rights granted or permitted and which are in addition to or in lieu of a cash consideration. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with in Kind aspects.

75. 美国国家电视系统委员会(NTSC)(US National Television Systems Committee (NTSC))

这个综合性彩色电视系统主要在美国和日本使用。它由NTSC(美国国家电视系统委员会)界定。它包括525条线路,并以60赫兹的频率相交。

The composite colour television system mainly used in the USA and Japan. It was defined by the NTSC (US National Television Systems Committee). It has 525 lines, interlaced at 60 Hz.

76. 升级卡(Upgrade cards)

一种可转让的注册卡,通过使用该卡,注册人可以拥有附加通行权。

A transferable accreditation card used to give an accredited person additional access rights.

77. 联合国(United Nations Organization (UN))

78. 联合国机构(United Nations Organisations)

NT 经济合作与开发组织NT Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

联合国儿童基金会United Nations Children's Fund

联合国教科文组织United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 联合国United Nations Organization

世界卫生组织World Health Organization

类别:归类术语Category: Grouping Term

79. 联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)

80. 联合国儿童基金会(UNICEF)

81. 非洲国家广播和电视组织联盟(Union of National Radio & Television Organisations of Africa (URTNA))

该联盟覆盖在非洲的广播机构

Union of National Radio and Television Organisations of Africa. The Union covering broadcasters in Africa.

82. 国际摩托艇联盟(Union Internationale Motonautique (UIM))

国际奥委会临时性承认的组织Provisional IOC Recognised organisation.

83. 联盟(Union)

通过竞标以取得转播权,然后集中管理按地理划分的单个广播机构的组织(例如,欧洲广播联盟)

An organisation that bids for broadcasting rights and then centrally manages the operation of a geographically-based group of individual broadcasters (eg. European Broadcasting Union).

84. 不间断电源(UPS)(Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS))

在常规电源出现故障时使用的不间断备份临时电源。通常以电池作为电源。

A temporary power source used as a non-interrupting back up when conventional power source has failed. Usually battery powered.

85. 单边报道(Couverture unilatérale)

个性化的录像制作和评论Personalised video production and commentary.

86. 单边转播机构(Unilateral Broadcaster)

这个术语是指转播权持有者广播机构。只涉及到一个广播机构的单边声像线路或卫星连接这样的服务或设施传送。可以预订的相关或非相关设施,例如评论员位置、观察员座位以及摄像机位置等。由转播权持有者广播机构单独生成和制作的导入信号。由转播权持有者广播机构单独使用的位置。正在对奥运会进行个性化转播以及导入主转播商信号的转播权持有者广播机构。

Term used to denote one Rights Holding Broadcaster. Service or facility transmission such as a unilateral video and audio circuit or satellite link pertaining to one broadcaster only. Bookable associated or non-associated facility such as a commentary position, observer seat, camera position, etc. A feed solely generated and produced by an individual rights holding broadcaster. A position solely used by an individual rights holding broadcaster. A Rights Holding Broadcaster who is producing personalised coverage of the Games as well as taking the Host Broadcast feed.

87. 超高频率(Ultrahigh Frequency (UHF))

从300至3000MHz的频谱 The spectrum extending from 300 to 3,000 MHz.

88. 二类门票(Type II tickets)

预计比一类门票的需求量小或供应量大的门票。

Tickets that are anticipated to be in lower demand or in greater supply than Type I tickets.

89. 一类门票(Type I tickets)

预计需求量大或供应量小的门票。 Tickets that are anticipated to be in high demand or in low supply.

90. 电视及互联网权利委员会(TV and Internet Rights Commission)

电视及互联网权利委员会负责为未来的转播权谈判制定并实施国际奥委会的整体战略。为了实现这个目标,该委员会负责搜集市场销售情报、咨询相关专家、确定计划销售的一揽子权益,并且组织投标和谈判活动。该委员会还处理与当前转播权协议有关的各项事务。国际奥委会已经签署了直到20xx年的各大市场内的长期转播协议。

The TV and Internet Rights Commission is responsible for preparing and implementing the overall IOC strategy for future broadcast rights negotiations. To this end, the Commission collects marketing intelligence and consults with experts, determines the rights and benefits packages to be sold, and organises the tender and negotiation process. The Commission also deals with issues pertaining to the current broadcast rights agreements. The IOC has signed long-term broadcast agreements for the Olympic Games in all major markets, up to 2008.

91. 国际拔河联合会(Tug of War International Federation (TWIF)) 经IOC临时性承认的组织Tug of War International Federation (TWIF)

92. 三大支柱委员会邀请(Tripartite Commission Invitations)

绝大部分的邀请发给较小的国家奥委会中那些未能达到奥运会参赛资格的高水平的运动员。

Offered predominantly to smaller NOCs for high level athletes unable to reach the Olympic Games qualification standards.

93. 三大支柱委员会(Tripartite Commission)

这是一个由国际奥委会、各国(地区)奥委会和各国际单项体育联合会的代表组成的委员会。该委员会负责邀请有关各方参加奥林匹克运动会。

A committee composed of representatives from the IOC, NOCs and the IFs. This Commission is responsible for allocating invitations to the Olympic Games.

94. 国际健身大众体育协会(Trim and Fitness International Sport For All Association (TAFISA))

95. 交通代码(Transport Codes)

组委会在奥运会身份及注册卡上使用的字母代码,以标注享用交通服务的权利。 The alpha numeric codes used by the OCOG on the Olympic Identification and Accreditation Card to indicate transport privileges.

96. 传输控制室(Transmission Control (TxC))

国际广播中心内部的传输控制室,主要负责控制全部向外传送的信号。 Transmission Room within the IBC for all of the outgoing signals.

97. 铁人三项(Triathlon)

自20xx年起成为奥运会比赛项目。当跆拳道和铁人三项在20xx年悉尼奥运会作为奥运会比赛项目首次亮相时,铁人三项实际上是一种全新的体育项目。尽管跆拳道的起源可以追溯到几千年前,但是铁人三项只兴起于19xx年。19xx年,铁人三项首次在美国西南部的圣地亚哥举行,而这大都发端于加利福尼亚兴起的慢跑热。这一极限耐力测试要求运动员在三个截然不同的体育项目中都有出色的表现:游泳、骑自行车和跑步。这项体育活动尤其要求极为严格的纪律,因为每个方面都要求有高水平的培训进度。

Olympic sport since 2000. While taekwondo and triathlon both debuted as the newest Olympic sports at the Sydney 2000 Games, triathlon was literally the newest sport. Although the origins of taekwondo date back thousands of years, the triathlon dates back to 1978. The first triathlon was held in the southwestern United States city of San Diego in 1974, in many ways an outgrowth of the California jogging craze. The ultimate endurance test, it requires athletes to excel at three very different pursuits - swimming, cycling and running. The sport demands particularly intense discipline because each area requires a high-level training schedule.

98. 交通(Transport)

交通是指协调并管理向奥林匹克大家庭,尤其是运动员提供安全、可靠的交通服务。该领域也负责向奥运会观众提供前往比赛场地和其他奥运会场馆的可靠的公共交通服务,同时确保主办城市在奥运会期间各方面运行正常。交通部门的目标是为交通和交通网络提供有效的管理,从而最大限度地降低奥运会期间突发事件对提供各项交通服务可能产生的影响。组委会可设立一个职能部门,专门负责处理交通方面的问题。

Transport relates to the coordination and management of the delivery of safe, secure and reliable transport services for the Olympic Family, giving priority to the athletes. This area is also responsible for ensuring provision of reliable public transportation to competition venues and any other Olympic venues for Olympic spectators, while enabling the host community to during the Olympic Games. Transport aims to provide effective m

anagement of the traffic and transport network to minimise the impact of incidents on the delivery of all transport services during the Olympic Games. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Transport aspects.

99.传输(Transmission)

将信号传输到一定距离外的另一个地点。The feeding of a signal to a remote location. 100. 笔译(Translation)

笔译是以书面的形式将一种语言转换成另一种语言。所有的奥林匹克正式文件都应译为奥运会官方语言(法语和英语),如需要还应译为其他语言。在赛前或比赛期间,笔译部门应为组委会职能部门和奥林匹克大家庭成员提供翻译服务。 Translation is the written conversion of language A into language B. All Olympic official documents will be translated in the official languages of the Games (French and English), as well as in other languages as required. In the Pre-Games period and at Games time, the translation unit will provide or facilitate translation services to all of the OCOG's al areas and to the Olympic Family.

101. 过渡期(Transition Period)

奥运会闭幕后、残奥会开幕前的时段,此时对场馆做适当调整以满足残奥会的特殊需求。

Period between the Olympic Games and the Paralympic Games when the venue is prepared specific to Paralympic Games needs.

102. 转让政策(Transferability Rules)

与Gt类身份注册卡及超编官员身份注册卡的转让相关的政策、规则。

The regulations pertaining to the transfer of accreditation passes for Gt officials and Additional Officials.

103. 知识转让(Transfer of Knowledge (TOK))

通过国际奥委会由一届奥运会组委会向下一届奥运会组委提供奥运会运行知识的传授和信息提供过程。

The learning process and information provision on Olympic Games operations from one OCOG to the next through the IOC.

103. 蹦床(Trampoline)

蹦床,是一项将运动和美学完美结合的运动,列入奥运会体操项目。19xx年1月1日,成为奥运会体操项目中的一个分项。

A perfect fusion of athletics and aesthetics, gymnastics ranks among the defining sports of the Olympic Games. As of 1 January 1999, trampoline became a discipline of gymnastics at the Olympic Games.

104. 训练场馆(Training Venue)

训练场馆指供训练使用的场馆,通常设立在比赛场馆之外,用于运动员在赛前和赛期进行训练。一些情况下,比赛场馆也兼作训练场地。与各单项体育联合会签订的协议对训练场馆及其设备设施做了规定。

A training venue is a site where training sessions are held. They are usually established outside the competition venue for athletes‘ training prior to and during the Games. In some cases, competition venues also double as training venues. Training venues, as well as all equipment and facilities included in them, are defined in agreement with the relevant International Federation.

105. 训练期(Training Period)

运动员在奥运会召开前、在主办城市进行准备的时间。

The athlete preparation period prior to the actual Olympic competition in the Host City.

106. 训练伙伴(Training Partners)

由国家奥委会注册的、协助那些已经获得奥运会比赛资格的运动员训练的个人,这些人不属于国家奥委会代表团。

Individuals accredited by the NOC to assist with the training of athletes who have qualified for the Olympic Games. Not considered as part of the NOC delegation.

107. 商标(Trademark)

商标是一种真实性的特定标志,指某生产商或经营商的产品或供出售的商品与其他经营者的产品或商品进行区别的标记。在这里,商标也是用来识别与区分一特定实体的服务(不是产品)的标志。商标有可能是一种符号或者某种形式的文字。

A trademark is a distinctive mark of authenticity, through which the products of particular manufacturers or the vendible commodities of particular merchants may be distinguished from those of others. For the purposes of this manual, the term trademark is also used to refer to service marks, which identify and distinguish the services (rather than the products) of a particular entity. A trademark may consist in any symbol or in any form of words.

108. 场地自行车赛(残疾人奥林匹克运动会)(Track Cycling (Paralympic)) 19xx年亚特兰大残奥会起,场地自行车正式成为残疾人奥林匹克运动会正式项目。不同残疾(肢体残疾、脑瘫、视力残疾、脊髓损伤)的运动员参加竞赛。比赛使用独轮、两轮和三轮自行车。

Track Cycling has been on the Paralympic Games Programme since Atlanta, 1996. Athletes with varying disabilities (amputees, cerebral palsy, visual impairment and spinal cord impairment) compete. The events are conducted using single bicycles, tandem bicycles and tricycles.

109. 田赛和径赛(Track & Field)

使用:田径 SE Athletics

110. 第二十届奥林匹克冬季奥运会组织委员会(都灵冬奥会组委会)(Torino Organising Committee for the XX Olympic Winter Games (TOROC))

111. 全球合作伙伴(TOP Partners)

全球合作伙伴指作为奥林匹克国际赞助商参与奥林匹克伙伴计划的某一家或所有公司。

TOP Partners are any one or all of the group of companies participating in TOP (The Olympic Partner Programme) as international Olympic sponsors.

112. 计时和计分系统(Timing & Scoring)

计时和计分系统指在比赛期间或比赛结束后统计成绩时,用于在比赛过程中和比赛结束后收集比赛成绩(如:电子计时、录入裁判计分),并向用于比赛成绩的处理和传送的成绩系统传送数据的软、硬件专门系统。

Timing & Scoring relates to the specialised system of hardware and software to capture the results of a competition (e.g. electric timings, entered judge scores) during and at the conclusion of the performance and to pass that data to the Results Systems for processing and distribution.

113. 计时(Timekeeping)

114. 票务(Ticketing)

票务涉及所有与门票相关的事务,例如座席区域设计、门票分配、销售和发行等。票务是公众观看赛事或文化活动的入场管理机制,奥组委可设立职能部门办理有关票务事务。

Ticketing relates to the management of all ticketing related activities, such as reserved seating block design, ticket allocation, sales and distribution. Ticketing is the access control mechanism for the general public to enter an event. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Ticketing aspects.

自动降级分配程序 ascading Methods 公众销售General Public Sales

票务销售总代理General Sales Agent 票务销售总代理协议GSA Agreement 国际奥委会票务产品代码IOC Ticketing Code of Conduct

票价分区Price Zoning 主要赛事限制Prime Event Limitation

热敏票Thermal tickets 门票Ticket

一类门票Type I tickets 二类门票Type II tickets

115. 代表队(Team)

代表队指的是参加个人或团体项目的一个队的运动员。在个人项目代表队当中还可包含如参加田径或游泳接力赛、自行车计时赛的代表队;团体项目包括足球、曲棍球等。

Specifically refers to athletes who are members of a team in individual or team sports. Examples of teams in individual sports include relay ?teams‘ in athletics and swimming, time trial teams in cycling, etc. Examples of team sports include football, hockey, etc.

116. 跆拳道(Taekwondo)

20xx年开始成为奥运会比赛项目。 韩国一直存在多种武术形式,但在20世纪初期跆拳道逐渐成为主要流派。19xx年,一批韩国武术的领军人物选择跆拳道作为韩国的国术,努力推动其国际化发展。

19xx年,韩国政府认可世界跆拳道联合会(WTF)作为跆拳道运动的合法管理机构,同年举行了首届世界跆拳道锦标赛。

Olympic sport since 2000. Various Korean forms of martial arts have existed but in the early 20th century, taekwondo became the dominant form. In 1955 a group of Korean martial arts leaders chose taekwondo as the definitive Korean martial art in an attempt to promote its development internationally. In 1973, the Korean government recognised the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) as the legitimate governing body of the sport, and the first World Championships were held in that year.

117. 乒乓球(残疾人奥林匹克运动会)(Table Tennis (Paralympic))

19xx年罗马残奥会,乒乓球成为残奥会正式比赛项目。不同残疾程度的运动员参加不同级别的竞赛。比赛包括男子、女子的个人或团体项目。除去发球等条款有细微调整外,残疾人乒乓球比赛规则与普通乒乓球比赛类似。可从国际残疾人奥林匹克委员会取得竞赛规则。

Table Tennis has been on the Paralympic Games Programme since Rome, 1960. Athletes with varying disabilities are eligible to compete in designated sports classes. There are individual and team competitions for men and women. The rules are similar to able-bodied Table Tennis with minor adaptations, for example service specifications. Rules can be obtained from the International Paralympic Committee.

117. 乒乓球(Table Tennis)

19xx年乒乓球成为奥运会正式比赛项目。乒乓球又称为Gossima、Whiff-Whaff、Flim-Flam 或Ping-Pang。 这项运动的发展经历了漫长的过程。19世纪80年代, 乒乓球作为一项替代草地网球的高雅餐后运动诞生于英格兰。今天,运动员挥舞着高科技含量的球拍,发出时速高达160 公里的球,还有机会赢取大

奖。乒乓球已经成为全世界参与最广泛的一项体育运动,无数的爱好者中,4000万人参加各项乒乓球比赛。最早,乒乓球的球拍是用雪茄烟盒盖做成的,球是香槟酒软木塞雕成的;今天的球员使用的是特别研发的木质或碳纤维球拍和轻质塑胶空心球,在球拍上使用的各种合成橡胶和胶水可以增加球的旋转和速度。有一些胶能使击出的球时速高出30公里,在奥林匹克比赛中禁止使用。

Olympic sport since 1988. Gossima. Whiff-Whaff. Flim-Flam. Ping-Pong. Whatever name it assumes, table tennis has come a long way since its introduction as a genteel, after-dinner alternative to lawn tennis in 1890s England. Today, players compete for big money, wield high-tech rackets and volley the ball at speeds up to 160 kilometres per hour. Table tennis has become the world's largest participation sport, with 40 million competitive players worldwide and countless millions playing recreationally. The game, which debuted in the Olympic Games in 1988 at Seoul, began with cigar-box lids for rackets and a carved champagne cork for a ball. Today, players use specially developed rubber-coated wooden and carbon-fibre rackets and a lightweight, hollow celluloid ball. Various rubber compounds and glues are applied on the rackets to impart greater spin or speed. Indeed, some glues are banned from Olympic competition - they make the ball travel up to 30km/h faster.

118. 花样游泳(Synchronized Swimming)

花样游泳看起来似乎是奥运会中最轻松的项目。但是,花样游泳,远远不是水面上表现出来那样轻松。除了力量、耐力、柔韧、优雅和艺术气质外,这个项目要求超常的呼吸控制能力。 It looks like perhaps the most effortless event in the Olympic Games, but there is more to synchronised swimming than what appears on the surface. Besides demanding strength, endurance, flexibility, grace and artistry, it requires exceptional breath control.

女运动员在水下倒立、屏息作出高难度动作并非易事,不同寻常却至关重要的是,是设备帮助她们表现出轻松的假象。鼻夹防止水进入鼻孔,使得运动员可以长时间潜在水里,发胶固定发型,化装使她们造型完美。

Unusual, but vital, equipment helps the women maintain the illusion of effortlessness, no simple task considering they perform strenuous movements upside down and underwater while holding their breath. A nose clip prevents water from entering the nose, allowing the swimmers to remain underwater for long periods. Gelatine keeps the hair in place. Make-up brings out the features.

最重要的是,水下扩音器让运动员在水中能够清楚地听见音乐,帮助她们达到花样游泳毫秒不差的时间要求。

Most importantly, an underwater speaker lets the swimmers hear the music clearly while underwater, helping them achieve the split-second timing critical to synchronised swimming.

最早被称作水上芭蕾的花样游泳,20世纪20年代发源于加拿大,30年代早期传到美国,在19xx年芝加哥世界博览会上花样游泳演出获得好评。40和50 年代,埃斯特?威廉斯在一系列―水上音乐剧‖中的表演让这项运动更广泛地流传开。

Originally known as water ballet, synchronised swimming began in Canada in the 1920s. It spread to the United States in the early '30s, where a display at the 1934 Chicago World's Fair drew rave reviews. Its popularity soared further when Esther Williams performed in a string of MGM 'aqua musicals' in the 1940s and '50s. 119. 悉尼残疾人奥林匹克运动会组织委员会(Sydney Paralympic Organising Committee)

120. 悉尼奥林匹克运动会组织委员会(Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games )

121. 悉尼奥林匹克转播组织(Sydney Olympic Broadcasting Organisation (SOBO)) 122. 游泳(残疾人奥林匹克运动会)(Swimming (Paralympic))

19xx年罗马残奥会起,游泳正式成为残疾人奥林匹克运动会项目。不同残疾程度的运动员参加不同级别的竞赛。游泳比赛包括个人比赛和男子、女子接力项目。除出发和折返等方面有细微调整外,残疾人游泳比赛规则与健全人比赛基本相同。比赛在50米长的泳池里进行。可从国际残疾人奥林匹克委员会获得竞赛规则。

Swimming has been on the Paralympic Games Programme since Rome, 1960. Athletes with varying disabilities are eligible to compete in designated sports classes. Swimming includes individual and relay events for both female and male athletes. The rules are similar to able-bodied swimming except with minor adaptations, for example starts and turns. The sport is contested in a 50m pool. Rules can be obtained from the International Paralympic Committee.

123. 游泳(Swimming)

1896年,在雅典举行的第一届现代奥林匹克运动会上,获得1200米自由泳冠军的匈牙利19岁的选手阿尔弗雷德?哈约斯赛后说,―我求生的渴望超过了赢得比赛的雄心。‖在比赛中,他和其他选手从船上下到地中海冰冷的海水中,他第一个游到岸边,成为冠军。

"My will to live completely overcame my desire to win."That was the reaction of 19-year-old Hungarian Alfred Hajos after he won the 1200 metres freestyle at the first modern Olympic Games in Athens in 1896. He won by being the first swimmer to reach shore after a boat had left everyone in the icy waters of the Mediterranean.

经历了漫长的发展过程,目前奥运会游泳比赛同当时的情况已不能同日而语。

首先在比赛场地方面,1896年时,游泳比赛在泽亚湾举行,19xx年巴黎奥运时移师塞纳河,19xx年,则是在田径场中央修建了一个百米长的泳池。现在的比赛在长50米、控制水温、减弱波浪的游泳池里进行,水道互相隔开,互不干扰。

其次在项目方面,从1896年希腊海员的百米竞赛到19xx年的水下及障碍赛,到19xx年的―长距离潜水‖。这个项目要求运动员站立跳入水中, 保持60秒不动,直到某个运动员头部露出水面。

现在游泳已经成为奥运会上一项非常吸引人的项目。

Olympic swimming has come a long way, to temperature-controlled 50-metre pools, wave-killing gutters, lane markers designed to reduce turbulence, and status as one of the Games' glamour events. It is far removed from those early days.

There were the venues, from the Bay of Zea in 1896, to Paris's River Seine in 1900, to a 100-metre pool constructed inside the athletics track in 1908. Then there were the events, from a 100-metre race for Greek sailors in 1896, to underwater and obstacle races in 1900, to a "plunge for distance" in 1908. That event involved a standing dive, with contestants then remaining motionless for 60 seconds, or until their heads broke the surface - whichever came first.

124. 非洲体育最高理事会(Supreme Council for Sport in Africa (CSSA))

125. 供应商(Suppliers)

经奥林匹克某方面认可或授权,提供或赞助实物或服务的个人或公司。

An approved individual or company authorised by an Olympic party to provide, furnish, or contribute goods and services.

126. 奥运分村( Sub-Village)

如果比赛场馆距离主奥运村50公里以上、或车程1小时以上,或冬季奥运会中耐力项目比赛场地与主奥运村海拔相差200米以上,可在比赛场馆附近设立奥运分村。

An ancillary Olympic Village may be required close to competition venues which are more than 50km or one hour drive from the main Village or if there is a difference in altitude of more than 200m from the venue for endurance sports during the Olympic Winter Games.

127. 标准设备清单(Standard Equipment List)

128. 员工管理系统(Staffing System)

奥运会员工管理系统,指奥运会对员工管理所需的技术系统和模块的统称。这个系统连接一个综合的数据库(物理的或逻辑的),其中包含每一个员工的通用信息记录。同时,这个系统使制证、人员计划、人员管理、培训和志愿者管理等部门在人员管理的各个阶段能够管理信息、提供报告,并满足其所辖人员的需要。

Games Staffing System is the term used to describe the collection of technology systems or modules required for the management and maintenance of the Games Workforce. The Staffing System accesses an integrated database (whether physical or logical) with a single common record for each unique individual and enables Accreditation, Staff Planning, Human Resources, Training and Volunteer Services to manage information, provide reports and fulfil the needs of their constituents through all phases of staff processing.

129. 工作人员类别(Staff Type)

对工作人员按照其来源和对其管理、部署的部门分为授薪人员、合同员工和志愿者的一种表述方式。

An indication of paid, volunteer, or contractor depending on the source of labor and the party, which manages and schedules.

130. 体育科学与教育专门委员会(Sports Science and Education Sub-Committee (SSESC))

131. 中美洲与加勒比地区体育组织(Sports Organization for Central America and the Caribbean (ODECABE))

132. 体育医学和科学协会(Sports Medicine and Sciences Associations)

133. 体育设备与设施协会(Sports Equipment and Facilities Associations) 134. 竞赛志愿者(Sport Volunteers)

由奥组委委派,通常在某一专门运动项目上富有经验的个人,支持和协助技术官员履行其职责。竞赛志愿者的职能和作用在依项目而各不相同。

Individuals appointed by the OCOG, usually with a sport-specific experience, to support and assist the technical officials in the carrying out of their duties. The roles and s of sport volunteers vary from sport to sport.

135. 竞赛训练(Sport Training)

136. 竞赛服务(Sport Services)

体育服务部门确保根据运动项目的要求,推动测试赛和奥运会比赛中所用技术的计划、使用和运行。这一部门通常包括项目报名和资格审查、竞赛展示和竞赛成绩。奥组委可以建立职能部门办理体育服务事务。

Sport Services ensures that the requirements of sport are driving the planning, use and operation of technology used in competition at the Test Events and Olympic Games. This area typically includes Sports Entries & Qualification, Sport Presentation and Results requirements. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Sport Services aspects.

137. 竞赛出版物(Sport Publications)

竞赛出版部门管理和编写有关竞赛和竞赛有关事务的出版物,并与竞赛经理、编创部门交流保证出版物的质量。由于奥组委出版的有关竞赛的出版物数量巨大,竞赛出版部门可纳入体育部或出版部。奥组委可设立职能部门管理竞赛出版事务。

Sport Publications manages, produces and interfaces with the Competition Managers and creative services to ensure quality publications that represent sport and sports interests. Due to the large volume of sport-related publications produced by an OCOG, this area has been variously located within the Sport division or within the Publications area. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Sport Publications aspects.

138. 竞赛咨询台(Sport Information Desk (SID))

在每一个场馆设立竞赛咨询台,为代表团官员和运动员服务。在奥运村,竞赛咨询台的首要职能是方便竞赛管理部门与奥运村内的教练和代表团官员沟通。在代表团和竞赛管理部门之间就各分项比赛的沟通最主要的是发生在竞赛场馆。设立竞赛咨询台,是为各代表团提供了一项方便的服务。比赛开始后,竞赛报名部门为更新报名信息,可在竞赛咨询台设立岗位。 An information desk at each venue to service team officials and athletes. The primary of the Sport Information Desk in the Olympic Village is to make it easier for Competition Management to communicate with coaches and team officials who are staying in the Village. The main point of contact between teams and competition management is at the competition venue for each respective discipline. The Sport Information Desk is designed as a convenience for teams. Sport Entries also has a space at the Sport Information Desk for updating entries information once the Games begin.

139. 大众体育委员会(Sport for All Commission)

奥林匹克理想倡导体育是一项不分种族、社会阶层、性别的人权,大众体育运动旨在弘扬这种理想,鼓励各个年龄段、不同性别、不同社会和经济条件的人开展体育活动。

Sport for All is a movement promoting the Olympic ideal that sport is a human right for all individuals regardless of race, social class and sex. The movement encourages sports activities that can be exercised by people of all ages, both sexes and different social and economic conditions.

140. 竞赛报名表(Sport Entry Form)

竞赛报名表是报名表的一部分,指定用于报名程序中符合参加奥运会资格的运动员正式报名。竞赛报名表分为―团体表格‖ 或―个人表格‖(参见《奥林匹克宪章》第49条)

This form is a part of the Entry Forms and provides for the official entry of qualified athletes into the Olympic Games within the Entries Process. The Sport Entry Form may be ?team‘ or ?individial‘. (see Olympic Charter Rule 49)

150. 竞赛报名终止日期(Sport Entries Deadline)

竞赛报名终止日期由国际奥委会设定。各国家奥委会必须在此日期前为所有参加奥运会比赛的运动员报名。对于夏季奥运会来说,报名的最后期限是每个项目第一场比赛开始前21天,冬季奥运会为每个项目第一场比赛前14天。

This is a milestone set by the IOC. It is the final deadline by which the NOC must enter all athletes names for the Olympic Games. It occurs 21 day before the first competition starts in each sport for the Games of Olympiad and 14 days before the first competition starts in each sport for the Winter Olympic Games.

151. 竞赛报名(Sport Entries)

152. 体育竞赛(Sport Competition)

153. 竞赛指挥中心(Sport Command Centre (SCC))

竞赛指挥中心是奥组委主运行中心体系中的一个分中心。竞赛指挥中心力图有效监控与竞赛相关的活动和问题,并将这些活动和问题向主运行中心、国际奥委会、国家奥委会、国际单项体育联合会和竞赛或训练场馆的竞赛经理通报。虽希望绝大部分问题能在场馆层面由竞赛经理解决,但竞赛指挥中心应在解决一些全局性的或超出竞赛经理职权范围的问题上发挥积极的作用。

The Sport Command Centre (SCC) operates within the Main Operations Centre (MOC) of an OCOG as a sub-centre of the MOC. The SCC seeks to effectively monitor and communicate to the MOC, IOC, NOCs, IFs and to the sport manager at each competition and training venue sport-related activities and problems. Although it is expected that the majority of issues will be resolved at the venue level by the sport manager, the SCC will take an active role in resolving issues that are systemic or beyond the sport manager's scope or sphere of influence.

154. 竞赛级别(Sport Class)

根据相关项目的竞赛规则,残疾人运动员通过分级程序,指定参加某个竞赛级别的比赛。 Paralympic Athletes are assigned a sport class as determined through the classification process, according to the relevant Sport Rules.

155. 体育与法律委员会(Sport and Law Commission)

国际奥委会体育和法律委员会成立于19xx年,它的成立为讨论当前普遍影响奥林匹克运动中各组织(包括国际奥委会、国际单项体育联合会和国家奥委会)的法律问题提供了一个论坛。

The IOC Sport and Law Commission was created in 1996 to provide a forum for discussion of current legal issues generally affecting the different organisations which make up the Olympic Movement, including the IOC, the International Federations and the National Olympic Committees.

156. 体育与环境委员会(Sport and Environment Commission)

19xx年在巴黎召开的以统一为主题的百年奥运大会确认了环境和可持续发展的重要性。在确认其在促进可持续发展方面的特殊责任之后,国际奥委会将环境视为奥林匹克精神中除体育和文化以外的第三个层面。由此,19xx年,国际奥委会决定成立体育与环境委员会。该委员会的职责是就国际奥委会和奥林匹克运动应采取何种环境保护和促进可持续发展等方面的政策,向国际奥委会执行委员会提出建议,并协调上述政策的实施。

The Centennial Olympic Congress, Congress of Unity, held in Paris in 1994, recognised the importance of the environment and sustainable development. The IOC, having acknowledged its particular responsibility in terms of promoting sustainable development, regards the environment as the third dimension of Olympism, alongside sport and culture, which led to its decision in 1995 to create a Sport and Environment Commission. Its role is to advise the IOC Executive Board on what policy the IOC and Olympic Movement should adopt in terms of environmental protection and support for sustainable development, and to coordinate the application of this policy.

157. 比赛大项(Sport)

奥林匹克宪章规定,只有在至少75个国家和四个大洲的男子中以及在至少40个国家和3个大洲的女子中广泛开展的项目,才可列入夏季奥林匹克运动会比赛大项。只有在至少25个国家和3个大洲广泛开展的项目才能列入冬季奥林匹克运动会比赛项目。(参见《奥林匹克宪章》第52条)

相关词汇:竞赛管理 竞赛日程 气象 国家奥委会 服务竞赛 报名和资格审查 竞赛咨询台 竞赛运行 竞赛出版物 竞赛服务 竞赛训练 技术官员 测试赛

As defined within the Olympic Charter, a sport must be 'widely practised by men in at least 75 countries and on four continents, and by women in at least 40 countries and on three continents'. For inclusion in the Olympic Winter Games, a sport m

ust be practised widely in at least 25 countries and on three continents. (see Olympic Charter Rule 52)

NT Competition Management Competition Schedule Meteorology NOC Services Sport Entries & Qualification Sport Information Desk Sport Operations Sport Publications Sport Services Sport Training Technical Officials Test Events

158. 赞助商(Sponsors)

与某个奥林匹克组织签订协议,向该组织提供资金或实物赞助,以换取规定的一揽子独有市场开发权的公司或其它商业实体。由于奥林匹克运动中赞助计划分属于若干奥林匹克组织,某特定奥林匹克组织的赞助计划也分为不同级别和类别,每个组织有权确定―赞助商‖的名称,以区别一个赞助计划中的不同级别。

A company or other commercial entity that has entered into an agreement with an Olympic organisation to provide financial and -in-kind support to the organisation in exchange for a defined package of exclusive marketing rights. Because sponsorship programmes in the Olympic Movement exist independently within several Olympic organisations and often on several levels or tiers within a given Olympic organisation, each organisation is entitled to create terms for ―sponsors‖ that serve to distinguish between the various tiers within a sponsorship programme.

159. 赞助商研讨会(Sponsor Workshop)

奥组委、国际奥委会和市场开发伙伴在奥运会前召开的定期会议。在奥运会召开前的几年间,奥组委和国际奥委会定期主办的情况通报、会晤、专题讨论等会议,向市场开发伙伴提供信息、建立联系或听取反映。

A periodic conference between OCOG, IOC and Marketing Partner personnel conducted prior to Games time. A conference staged periodically in the years prior to Games times at which presentations, meetings, and focus-group discussions are conducted by the OCOG in conjunction with the IOC to provide information to, build relationships with and solicit feedback from Marketing Partners.

160. 赞助商服务(Sponsor Services)

161. 赞助商说明会(Sponsor Orientation)

奥组委主办的市场开发合作伙伴会议。奥组委在奥运会召开几年前或与新的市场开发伙伴签订市场开发计划时举行的首次会议,会议旨在向新市场开发伙伴介绍奥运会和奥运会市场开发计划,增进与新市场开发伙伴工作人员的关系。

Meetings conducted by the OCOG with Marketing Partners. Initial meeting staged by the OCOG, either several years prior to Games time or as new Marketing Partners sign on the marketing programme, intended to introduce new Marketing Partners to the Olympic Games and Olympic Marketing, to foster working relationships with new Marketing Partner personnel.

162. 分段计时(Split Time)

在赛跑比赛中完成一段特定距离(如,半程)所用时间。这个时间用于与其它运动员的成绩进行比较。

A specific interval of time that corresponds with a specific distance that has been completed in a race (e.g. half way) and this time is used to compare against other competitors times.

163. 观众服务(Spectator Services)

164. 国际特殊奥林匹克委员会(Special Olympics Inc. (SOI))

165. 南太平洋地区残疾人奥林匹克委员会(South Pacific Paralympic Committee)

166. 南美洲体育组织(South American Sports Organization )

167. 观众(Spectators)

观众即观看奥林匹克运动会及相关活动的群体。 观众包括购票观众或非购票观众。观众可以来自本地(主办城市所在地区)、本国(主办城市所在地区外,主办国内其他地区)和外国(主办国以外)。

The constituent group 'Spectators' refers to the physical patrons of the Olympic Games or Olympic Games related activities. Spectators may be ticketed or non-ticketed, and may be local (within the host city region), national (within the host country and outside the host city region) or international (originating from outside the host country).

168. 特别活动(Special Events)

特别活动部门的职能是策划和组织一些宣传组委会形象和声誉的特别活动。这个部门为其他部门提供策划和举办特别活动的服务。特别活动是指需要提供技术制作或编创内容的活动,如启动仪式、重要发布会、特许商品或赞助商的宣传活动、媒体宣传,或重要的接待活动等。组委会设立一个职能部门办理特别活动事务。

The role of the Special Events al area is to plan and produce the OCOG's special events in a manner that enhances the OCOG's image and reputation. This area acts as a service provider for the planning and execution of other al area special event requirements. A special event can be a launch or special announcement, licensee product or sponsorship, a media call requiring technical production and creative elements or a significant hospitality . The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Special Events aspects.

170. 垒球(Softball)

19xx年,垒球运动被正式列为奥运会正式比赛项目。奥运会的垒球运动并不逊色。在亚特兰大奥运会上,曾有投手投出时速为高达118公里(每小时73.3英里)的球。由于垒球的投手与击球手之间只有12.2米(40英尺)的距离,棒球为1

8.4米(60英尺),一般棒球投手的球速为每小时160公里(每小时99.4英里),所以对于垒球选手来说,其反应能力与棒球选手相差无几。在其他方面,垒球的

硬度与棒球相同。两者间的差别主要在球体的尺寸上,垒球周长为30.4厘米(12英寸),棒球周长为22.8厘米(9英寸)。

Olympic sport since 1996. There is little soft about Olympic softball. One pitch at Atlanta was clocked at 118 kilometres per hour (73.3 mph). Considering the pitcher stands 12.2 metres (40 feet) from the batter, and the hardest-throwing baseball pitchers throw 160 kilometres per hour (99.4 mph) from 18.4 metres (60 feet), softball batters have essentially the same time to react as their baseball counterparts. In addition, a softball is as hard as a baseball. The only difference being the size; a softball is 30.4cm (12 inches) in circumference and a baseball is 22.8cm (9 inches).

171. 主媒体中心(Main Media Center)

奥运非竞赛场馆,国际广播中心和主新闻中心共同办公的地点。由于夏季奥运会的国际广播中心和主新闻中心的规模太大,因此,只用于冬奥会。

An Olympic non-competition venue co-locating the IBC and MPC. Winter Games only due to size of Summer Games IBC and MPC.

172. 磁性检测机(Magnetometer)

173. 安检(Mag & Bag)

要求顾客通过磁性检测机并允许对所有包和容器进行人工搜查的安全检查。典型安检是在进入奥运场馆的安全区前。

The security inspection requiring patrons to pass through a magnetometer and allow a physical search of any bags or containers. This typically occurs prior to the secure perimeter of an Olympic venue.

173. 马加比世界联盟(Maccabi World Union (MWU))

174. 景观融合(Look Integration)

在运行区域和其他诸如特许经营点、竞赛场地、观众区等区域使用由奥运会组织委员会设计的奥运会景观图案。这些图案运用了不同元素的组合,呈现统一的主题和品牌信息。景观融合有助于确保奥运会以其特有的风格举办,并明显区别于一般的、商业化的、过度品牌化的其他体育活动。

The application and usage of the Look of Games graphics as designed by the OCOG for operational and other areas such as Concessions/concessions, Field of Play and Spectator areas. Such graphics incorporate a combination of elements to project a unified theme and branding message. Look integration helps to ensure that the event is presented in a manner that upholds the unique nature of the Olympic Games and clearly distinguishes the Games from common, commercialised, heavily branded sporting events.

175. 封馆(Lockdown)

场馆周期中的一个阶段。其时,场馆区域已经封闭,只能按照奥运会赛期程序进入场馆。

The phase in the venue lifecycle when the venue perimeter has been secured and access is only allowed via Games time procedures.

176. 本地赞助商 (Local Sponsor)

177. 奥运会成绩和信息服务Olympic Results and Information Services (ORIS)

奥运会成绩和信息服务(ORIS)是由国际奥委会和各国际单项联合会、奥运会组委会及媒体代表一起组织管理的项目。这个项目为奥运会体育大项逐项规定了成绩系统所包含的内容,(因此,规定了INFO系统中有关比赛成绩方面的内容)。 The Olympic Results and Information Services (ORIS) project is run by the IOC together with the International Federations, OCOG and media representatives. It defines the contents of the results systems, sport by sport, (and therefore results-related areas of the INFO system), for the Olympic Games.

178. 体育仲裁法庭Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS)

体育仲裁法庭(CAS)是一个独立于其他国际体育组织之外的机构,它通过以适应国际体育界的具体需要的仲裁和/或者调解为有关方面提供一种解决争议的手段。

The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) is an institution independent of any sports organisation, which offers parties a means of settling disputes through arbitration and/or mediation adapted to the specific needs of the sports world.

179. 技术实施(Technology Implementation)

技术实施指为奥运会做技术准备的阶段。在此阶段进行技术基础设施及设备的安装和系统的实施。此阶段的结束为两次检验技术准备就绪情况的技术测试。 Technology Implementation is the phase of the technology preparation process for the Games in which technology infrastructure and equipment are installed and systems implemented. This phase finishes with the technical rehearsals one and two for ensuring technology readiness.

180. 技术运行(Technology Operations)

技术运行须确保各使用群体对关键服务的需求相互吻合, 以使所有设备发挥作用,涉及技术应用的工作正常进行,人员得到培训,并且能够胜任工作。技术运行协调技术及其他职能部门之间的整合运行,负责整合的实施并监控其有效性。组委会可以组建一职能部门,负责技术运行方面的工作。

Technology Operations has to ensure that the requirements of the key deliverables across user groups are brought together in a manner, which validates each installation, confirms that the processes using the technology will work, and that the people are trained and able to complete their tasks. Technology Operations coordinates the integration process across technology and other al areas, overseeing its implementation and monitor

ing its effectiveness. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Technology Operations aspects.

181. 技术官员(Technical Officials)

技术官员的组成人员由在相关比赛的举办和组织方面具有技术权威的国际单项体育联合会确定,通常包括裁判员以及其他体育官员。根据各个体育项目的规则,这些官员可以由国外技术官员或本国技术官员担任。(参见奥林匹克宪章第五章

第57条及其附则)

The constituent group 'Technical Officials' refers to those people identified by each International Federation who have the technical authority required to stage and administer the competition. Typically technical officials include judges and referees in addition to other sport-specific officials. There may be both international and national technical officials, depending on the rules and regulations of each particular sport. (see Olympic Charter, Rule 57, chapter 5)

182. 技术代表 (Technical Delegates)

作为国际单项体育联合会的代表,技术代表的主要责任是确保奥运会比赛中技术方面规划和管理工作的顺利进行。有关比赛场地内 (FOP)的技术事宜, 技术代表通常代表国际单项体育联合会的最高权威。(参见奥林匹克宪章第57条及其附则)

Those representatives of an IF typically charged with the responsibility of ensuring that all technical aspects of planning and managing Olympic competition are undertaken. Usually considered the highest IF authority in the field of play (FOP) in relation to all technical matters. (see Olympic Charter Rule 57 and Bye-Law to Rule 57)

183. 成绩系统 (Results Systems)

成绩系统属于应用系统系列,主要功能是收集、处理和发布赛事信息。该系统产生各种可打印的报告,如参赛选手名单、比赛日程和比赛成绩等。成绩系统同时还为其他系统输出数据,包括INFO (奥运会大家庭使用的信息系统)、评论员信息系统、互联网和成绩数据接口。

The Results Systems are the family of applications that addresses the collection, processing and distribution of information relating to the competition events. Some examples are printed reports, such as start lists, competition schedules and competition results, and feeds to other application areas such as INFO, CIS, the Internet and the Results Data Feed.

184. 出版物(Publications)

出版部门负责制作、出版许多种类的出版物,包括纸质和电子版刊物,目的在于有效的传递有关奥运会的重要信息。作为服务提供部门,出版部门需为奥运会组委会提供高效的刊物编辑、设计和印制服务。组委会可以成立专门的职能部门,负责出版物方面的工作。(参见奥林匹克宪章第60条及其附则)

The Publications area is responsible for the production of many publications, both printed and electronic, to effectively convey essential Games-related messages. It acts as a service provider to the OCOG to provide effective delivery of editorial, design and print production services. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Publications aspects. (see Olympic Charter Rule 60 and its Bye-law)

185. 医疗(Medical)

医疗活动指奥运会期间向运动员、贵宾和l来自全世界各地的观众提供的全面、便捷和高效的医疗服务。奥运会组委会可以成立专门的医疗部门。

Medical relates to the activities to provide to the athletes, VIPs and spectators of the world with comprehensive, accessible and efficient medical services for the duration of the Games. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Medical aspects.

186. 国际奥委会技术手册(IOC Technical Manuals)

技术手册对奥运会组织委员会提出详细的技术要求。手册内容包括有关奥运会组织某个职能领域的规划信息、规划步骤、规划过程以及经过论证的实践方法。同时,也涉及与该职能领域相关的客户或场馆信息。每一届奥运会之后技术手册将根据需要做出修正。有关技术手册内容的重大更改应在奥运会结束后六个月内获得批准。技术手册与《主办城市合同》、《奥林匹克宪章》这类奥运会核心文件有着紧密的关联。

The Technical Manuals provide detailed technical obligations for the Olympic Games Organising Committees. These documents contain planning information, procedures and processes, as well as proven practices regarding a of the Olympic Games organisation. They may also contain client or venue oriented information relevant to the . The Technical Manuals are modified when necessary after each edition of the Games. Substantial changes to their content should be approved no later than 6 months after the Games. The Technical Manuals relate closely to other key IOC documents, such as the Host City Contract and the Olympic Charter.

187. 环境 (Environment)

环境部门负责监督与奥运会环境相关的各方面工作,包括环境影响、环境保护、场馆、资源的再利用以及环保奥运会的宣传。―环境‖这一概念涵盖人类生存范围的各个方面,包括物理方面的, 如土地、水和大气层;生物方面的,如动物、植物和生命的其他形式;以及美学方面的,如外观、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和质地。奥运会组委会可以成立专门负责环境领域的职能部门。

The Environment area oversees the environmental aspects of the Games, including environmental impact, conservation, venues, recycling and the promotion of environmentally friendly Games. The concept of 'environment' includes all aspects of t

he surroundings of humanity, including physical factors (land, water and atmosphere), biological factors (animals, plants, and other forms of life), and aesthetic factors (appearance, sounds, smells, taste and textures). The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Environment aspects.

188. 赞助商鸣谢(Sponsor Recognition)

这里是指对市场开发合作伙伴提供的支持表示感谢的任何形式的宣传活动。这是由相关的奥运会组织机构启动的一个计划,以公共关系、广告和标志牌等形式答谢市场开发合作伙伴,宣传他们与奥运会的联系,感谢他们在奥运会前和奥运会期间对奥林匹克运动的支持。

Any communications vehicle intended to acknowledge the support of Marketing Partners. A programme activated by an Olympic organisation that uses communications vehicles such as public relations, advertising, and public signage to acknowledge the Marketing Partners, to promote their association with the Olympic Games, or to express appreciation for their support of the Olympic Movement prior to and during Games time.

189. 安保 (Security)

安保部门与中央政府共同负责奥运会各个方面的安全保卫工作,包括保卫、安全和突发性灾难事件的应对。安保部门同时也负责管理安保人员使用的区域,如:指挥中心、通行控制、拘留/或询问室,确保为运动员、官员、贵宾、媒体、奥运会组委会工作人员/志愿者、市场开发合作伙伴和观众提供一个安全的环境。奥运会组委会可以设立专门负责安保的职能部门。

The Security area works with the national government, which is responsible for the management of all aspects of security for the Games, including protection, safety and disaster response. Security also manages the support areas used by security staff, such as the command centre, access control and holding/interview room, to provide a safe environment for athletes, officials, VIPs, media, OCOG staff/volunteers, Marketing Partners and spectators. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Security aspects.

190. 市场开发权(Marketing Rights)

通过市场开发协议授予第三方的特许权。该权利允许第三方在促销以及广告活动中、在其产品上展示或以其他方式使用奥运会标志和形象,以宣传其与奥运会的联系。

A license granted to a third party through a marketing agreement to promote an association with the Olympic Movement or the Olympic Games, often through displaying or otherwise utilising Olympic marks and imagery in promotions, in advertisements, or on products.

191. 接待服务(Hospitality)

奥运会期间可以向各类参与者提供接待服务。 这些人包括国家奥委会赞助商 / 知名人士/嘉宾、 奥运会赞助商等。

Hospitality programmes may be conducted during the Olympic Games for a variety of Games participants including NOC sponsors/dignitaries/guests, Olympic sponsors etc.

192. 运动会服务(Games Services)

运动会服务一般用来泛指在场馆奥运会设施为奥林匹克大家庭成员以及/或者为公众提供的一系列的专门的服务。这些服务包括住宿、制证和安保等。

Games Services a generic term commonly used to group al areas that provide a range of specialty services for Olympic facilities, to members of the Olympic Family and/or the general public, such as Accommodation, Accreditation and Security. 193. 解散(Dissolution)

该术语所涉及的不是一个计划阶段,收录于此只是为了说明在奥运会结束后还有一个重要的阶段,在此期间场馆恢复正常并归还给业主,正式总结报告撰写完毕,奥组委解散等。 Although this is not a planning phase, it is listed here simply to acknowledge that there is an important phase following the delivery of the Games, during which venues are reinstated and returned to owners, the Official Report is written, the OCOG is dissolved, etc.

194. 总体市场开发 (General Marketing)

总体市场开发是指对品牌保护、广告、管理战略进行指导并协调所有市场营销相关活动。该职能部门负责与内部市场开发部门、非市场开发部门和外部的奥运会利益相关者联系,领导项目实施。奥运会组织委员会可以设立一个职能部门负责总体市场开发事务。

General Marketing relates to the direction of the brand development, advertising, management strategy and coordination of all marketing-related al areas. This area provides project leadership in liaison with internal marketing, non-marketing areas and external Games stakeholders. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with General Marketing aspects.

195. 奥运会新闻服务(Olympic News Service, ONS)

奥运会新闻服务是由奥组委新闻运行部下属的一个职能单位,它负责编辑奥运会的INFO系统的内容。奥运会新闻服务像奥运会内部的一个新闻机构,其工作人员为奥运会的INFO系统提供每天比赛的预告和评论、新闻发布会的消息和最新的成绩情况,提供运动员的简历、关于奥运会的历史和其他真实的情况以及国际奥委会和奥运会组委会发布的消息等。

Olympic News Service (ONS), established by the OCOG Press Operations, provides the editorial content for INFO. ONS runs like an internal news agency for the Olympic Games with ONS staff providing INFO with previews and reviews of each day‘s sports competition, press conferences and flash quotes, biographies of competitors, historical and other factual information about the Olympic Games, and news releases from the IOC and the OCOG.

196. 家具、固定装置和设备(Furniture,Fixtures and Equipment FF&E) 家具、固定装置和设备在建筑行业一般缩写为FF &E。关于奥运会方面,这个术语主要指奥运会场馆所必须的家具和设备。

Commonly referred to as FF&E in the building industry. In relation to the Games, this term refers mainly to furniture and equipment that are necessary in the Games venues.

197. 医学分级(Classification)

医学分级是为残奥会运动员分配比赛级别的全过程,其中涉及比赛级别安排、比赛级别状况、投诉程序以及申诉等。每一比赛项目的运动员根据其身体功能进行系统的分组,有效保证了各级别比赛的公平竞争性。这是一项持续进行的工作,要在所有大型体育赛事以及残奥会期间、之前以及竞赛期间进行。

The process by which Paralympic athletes are allocated a sport class. Classification refers to all aspects of the classification process, including the allocation of sport class and sport class status, protest procedures and appeals. It ensures fair competition at all levels by systematically grouping athletes according to their al abilities in each sport. Classification is an ongoing process and takes place at all major events and also during the Paralympic Games, prior to and during competition. 198. 反兴奋剂(Doping Control)

反兴奋剂是指这项工作的规划、实施和管理的过程,包括检测分配计划、尿样收集处理、实验室分析、结果管理、听证以及申诉等事务。组委会可以成立专职部门处理反兴奋剂事务。 Doping Control relates to the planning, implementation and management of the process including test distribution planning, Sample collection and handling, laboratory analysis, results management, hearings and appeals. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Doping Control aspects.

199. 重要赛事限制(Prime Event Limitation,PEL)

在奥运会的某些项目比赛中,奥运会大家庭注册人员有权进入的官员看台和荣誉看台的座位数可能不能满足需要。因此,有些注册人员的证件附有重要赛事限制(PEL)标记,这就要

求持证人员购票入场。在指定的重要赛事限制项目中,通过持证和购票相结合,控制进入官员看台和荣誉看台的人数。重要赛事限制项目的入场券数额有限。

During some sporting sessions of an Olympic Games the seating allocated in the Official Stand and Stand of Honour for accredited members of the Olympic Family with rights to designated seating may be insufficient for the demand. Certain accreditation populations have a PEL attached to them, which requires the bearer of that accreditation to buy a ticket. Entry to the Official Stand and Stand of Honour is therefore controlled at designated PEL events by accreditation and tickets jointly and not separately. Tickets to PEL events are limited.

200. 其他技术(Other Technologies)

其他技术属于技术范畴的一部分,是指信息系统或电信之外的基于电子技术的系统和服务。例如:有线电视(CATV)服务、显示系统和公共广播系统(PA)等。

Part of the Technology scope that deals with systems and services based on electronics that are not included in Information Systems or Telecommunications. Examples of other technologies include: Cable Television (CATV) Services, Display Systems and Public Address Systems (PA).

201. 技术(Technology)

技术部门的工作范围涉及奥运会组委会为组织奥运会所需的所有技术领域,包括计算机服务、电信和各种奥运会系统应用技术等。这包括:硬件、软件、奥运会比赛和场馆运行所需的技术支持和服务、数据处理、计算机房、成绩、记时和记分、电信、场馆通讯、公共广播系统和设备机房等。奥运会组委会可以设立一个职能部门负责技术方面的工作。

The Technology area encompasses all technology aspects required by the OCOG for the Games, including computer services, telecommunications and Games Systems applications. This includes hardware, software, support areas and services required for the operation of the Olympic competition and venues, data processing, computer rooms, results, timing and scoring, telecommunications, venue communications, public address system and equipment rooms. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Technology aspects.

202. 市场开发宣传(Marketing Communications)

市场开发宣传指为市场开发合作伙伴的公关和媒体方面的目标提供支持。组委会的这一职能包括,在奥运会举办以前以及举办期间,向市场开发合作伙伴提供重要的公关、广告以及媒体关系支持,并负责在奥运会期间在主媒体中心为市场开发合作伙伴及其运营建立联络点。组委会可以建立专职部门处理有关市场开发宣传方面的事务。

Marketing Communications relates to supporting the public relations and media objectives of the Marketing Partners. This of the OCOG is responsible for providing key

public relations, advertising, and media relations support to the Marketing Partners before and during Games time, and is responsible for the interface for Marketing Partners and their operations at the Main Media Centre during Games time. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Marketing Communications aspects. 203. 交通(Transport)

交通是指对为奥林匹克大家庭,尤其是运动员提供的安全、稳定和可靠的交通服务进行协调和管理。这一部门还负责确保为奥运会观众提供到达比赛场馆和其他奥运会场馆的可靠的公共交通。与此同时,还要确保主办城市在奥运会期间的正常运转。交通部门的目标是对交通状况和交通网络进行有效的管理,尽量降低奥运会期间各类事件对提供所有交通服务所造成的影响。组委会可以建立专职部门处理有关交通方面的事务。

Transport relates to the coordination and management of the delivery of safe, secure and reliable transport services for the Olympic Family, giving priority to the athletes. This area is also responsible for ensuring provision of reliable public transportation to competition venues and any other Olympic venues for Olympic spectators, while enabling the host community to during the Olympic Games. Transport aims to provide effective management of the traffic and transport network to minimise the impact of incidents on the delivery of all transport services during the Olympic Games. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Transport aspects.

204. 场地管理(Site Management)

在奥运会即将召开的最后阶段,场地管理部门确保临时性基础设施和临建的安装符合预定的计划,并能满足所有场馆和设施方面的需要。在奥运会举行期间,场地管理部门负责维修、更换、解决新的需求以及向残奥会的过渡。在奥运会结束后,该部门负责场馆恢复工作。奥运会组织委员会可以建立一个职能部门处理场地管理事务。

The Site Management area, in the immediate pre-Games period, ensures that temporary infrastructure and overlay are installed in accordance with developed plans to meet all venue and facility needs. During the Games, the Site Management is responsible for repair, replacement, new scope issues and transition to the Paralympics. After the Games, it is responsible for retrofit. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Site Management aspects.

205. 赞助商接待中心(Sponsor Hospitality Centre)

赞助商接待中心是指位于主办城市或者奥运会赛场的市场开发合作伙伴的接待设施或地点,是由奥运会组织委员会和国际奥委会联合在奥运会范围内或附近提供的,供市场开发合作伙伴在奥运会期间设置自己使用的接待设施。该设施或场地可以是供某个市场合作伙伴独家使用,也可以是专供一组市场合作伙伴共同使用的场地。

A facility or location for Marketing Partner hospitality on-site at the Games or within the host city. A facility or location area provided by the OCOG in conjunction with

the IOC within or near the Olympic Games environment that enables Marketing Partners to create and outfit corporate hospitality facilities for their own use during the Games. The facility or location may be exclusive space for one Marketing Partner or common space exclusive to a group of Marketing Partners.

206. 赛事服务(Event Services)

赛事服务是指为持票观众和注册人员提供的各项服务的计划和管理。具体职责包括区域和场馆各处观众人流的设计、验票、引导、失物招领、人群监控和问询服务。奥运会组织委员会可以成立一个职能部门负责赛事服务事宜。

Event Services relates to the planning and management of the various services for ticketed spectators and accredited people. Responsibilities typically include design of spectator flow throughout precincts and venues, ticket taking, ushering, lost and found services, crowd monitoring and information provision. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Event Services aspects.

207. 小项(Event)

每项体育大项(sport)或分项(discipline)都至少有一个小项(event)。按照奥林匹克宪章的定义,小项是指奥林匹克大项中或其分项中的一项比赛,比赛成绩按名次排列,并据此颁发奖牌或证书。例如水中项目100米、200米、1500米竞赛等是游泳项目的小项。 Each sport and discipline has at least one event. An event is defined in the Olympic Charter as 'a competition in an Olympic sport or in one of its disciplines and resulting in a ranking, (which) gives rise to the award of medals and diplomas'. For example in aquatics, the 100m, 200m, 1500m etc. races are events conducted as part of the swimming programme. (see Olympic Charter Rule 52.3)

208. 客户服务(Client Services)

客户服务是指赞助商服务(接待事务)和奥运会期间的运行(场所管理)。客户服务还负责合作伙伴的标志核准以及履约方面的责任。该部门接受组委会赞助商处的领导,负责奥运会期间接待场所运行,直接向组委会场馆管理部门汇报工作。在奥运会期间,客户服务部门参加场馆公众区工作团队。奥运会组织委员会可以建立一个职能部门处理有关客户服务的事宜。

Client Services relates to the activities for sponsor servicing (hospitality matters) and Games time operations (venue management). Client Services also includes responsibilities related to marks approvals and contractual fulfilment with partners. This area is responsible to the OCOG sponsorship department with operations responsible for all Games time hospitality venues, which directly reports to the OCOG venue management division. During Games time, the Client Services team forms part of the 'front of house' venue team. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Client Services aspects.

209. 设施(Facility)

设施是指举办奥运会所需的非竞赛场地,主要起辅助功能,由组委会和/或其合作伙伴/机构(不一定是多职能场馆管理团队)负责运行,不一定要建在一个明确划定的区域内,也不限于组委会自己独家使用。

A non-competition site, typically a support , operated by the OCOG and/or its partners/agencies (not necessarily a multi-al venue team), not necessarily located within a secure perimeter, not necessarily subject to exclusive use of the OCOG, used to deliver the Olympic Games.

210. 新闻准入规则(News Access Rules)

国际奥委会把在某一区域对奥运会进行电视转播的专属权授予某组织(转播权持有者),其他任何机构不得对奥运会各项活动进行声音或图像的转播。奥运会活动指发生在该区域的奥运场馆内、外任何的体育比赛、开、闭幕式、发奖仪式,及其他活动(包括训练和采访),以及国际奥委会新闻准入规则允许的奥运会活动 。

When exclusive television rights to broadcast the Olympic Games are granted by the IOC to an organisation for a particular territory ("Rights Holder"), no other organisation may broadcast sound or images of any Olympic events, including sporting action, Opening, Closing and Victory Ceremonies, or other activities (including training and interviews) which occur at Olympic venues in that territory, beyond that which is allowable under the IOC‘s News Access Rules.

211. 新闻运行(Press Operations)

新闻运行是国际奥委会《媒体指南》所规定的一个部门,它负责奥运会期间新闻运行的计划和实施--大体可分为5个具体的领域,即:主新闻中心、场馆新闻运行、图片服务、奥运会新闻服务和新闻人员服务,内容包括媒体制证、媒体交通、媒体住宿、新闻人员费率卡和媒体志愿者。奥运会组委会可以设立一个新闻运行部来处理新闻运行事务。

Press Operations is an area defined within the IOC Media Guide. Press Operations is responsible for the planning and delivery of the Press Operations at the Olympic Games – defined loosely by the five key Press Operations deliverables of: Main Press Centre, Venue Press Operations, Photo Services, Olympic News Service, and Press Services, including Media Accreditation, Media Transport, Media Accommodation, Press Rate Card and Media Volunteers. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Press Operations aspects.

212. 非转播权持有者广播组织(Non-Rights Holding Broadcast Organisations (ENR)) 这是一个未经国际奥委会授与电视/无线电转播专属权,在特定区域内转播奥运会的组织。这种组织可以经过国际奥委会的同意,按照?ENR‘(非转播权持有者广播组织)类别进行注册。作为一个ENR组织或该组织任命的工作人员,在奥运会期间将会根据国际奥委会制定

的―新闻准入规则‖,并根据非转播权持有者广播组织同意和签定的―谅解备忘录‖,有限制的出入相关的场馆。ENR也可以称为非转播权持有者。

An organisation that has not been granted the exclusive television and/or radio rights by the IOC to broadcast the Olympic Games in a particular territory. These organisations can be accredited at the Olympic Games, at the discretion of the IOC, under the category of ?ENR‘ (Non-Rights Holding Broadcast Organisation). As a Non-Rights Holding Broadcast Organisation, the organisation and every individual appointed by the organisation will have restricted access only at the Olympic Games, as defined with the IOC‘s ?News Access Rules‘, and agreed to and signed by the Non-Rights Holding Broadcast Organisations within the ?Undertaking‘. Also called Non-Rights Holders.

213. 场馆通信 (Venue Communications)

场馆通信工作包括确定奥运会所有用户的漫游通信需求范围,通过场馆通信中心(VCC)为所有场馆提供通信运营支持,定义所有的无线通信协议,批准奥运会无线通信网络中使用的所有呼叫信号, 对中继式无线通信用户进行无线通信使用和相关协议的培训,以及制作场馆联络清单等通信工具并分发给奥运团队。该工作通过确保通信工具到位,以保障奥运会的整体运行,并确保通信工具能够有助于在常规和特殊环境下快速有效地履行职务。奥组委可以建立职能部门管理场馆通信相关事宜。

The Venue Communications area relates to the scoping of roaming communications device requirements for all Games users, provision of operational support at the venues for communications through operating Venue Communications Centres (VCCs), definition of all radio protocols and approval of all call-signs to be used on the Olympic Radio Network, training of all trunked radio users in the use of the radio and required protocols and the development, production and distribution of communications tools such as venue contact lists to the Games team. This area supports integrated Games operations by ensuring communications tools exist and are managed to enable the effective and efficient execution of duties in routine and exceptional environments. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Venue Communications aspects.

214. 清洁与废弃物(Cleaning and Waste)

清洁和废弃物是指在奥运会和残奥会组委会的直接控制下,对向所有竞赛和非竞赛场馆提供各种清洁、废弃物运输和废弃物处理服务进行计划、实施和管理。奥运会组委会可以成立一个职能部门处理清洁和废弃物事宜。

Cleaning and Waste relates to the planning, implementation and management of the provision of all cleaning, waste removal and waste processing services to all competition and non-competition venues within the direct control of the OCOG for the Olympic and Paralympic Games. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Cleaning and Waste aspects.

215. 公共区域(Public Domain)

公共区域是指某一奥运会场馆界限以外的周边指定区域;之所以称为指定区域,是因为例行的日常管理难以应对预期的奥运会影响。因此,需要政府机构和部门另行作出计划并提供服务。公共区域的计划和服务需要与该区域环绕的某一奥运会场馆的计划进行配合和协调。 The designated area surrounding a Games site, outside the perimeter. It is designated as such because its normal day-to-day management is typically not sufficient to manage the anticipated Games impacts, therefore requiring additional planning and services by public agencies and authorities. These plans and services need to be integrated and coordinated with the plans for the sites the public domain surrounds.

216. 转播权持有者广播组织(Rights Holding Broadcast Organizations RHB)

这是一个经国际奥委会授权, 在特定的―RHBs‖区域内拥有对奥运会进行电视/无线电转播专属权的组织,也可以称为转播权持有者。

An organisation that has been granted, by the IOC, the exclusive television and/or radio rights to broadcast the Olympic Games in a particular territory ?RHBs‘. Also called Rights Holders.

217. 招聘 (Recruitment)

招聘是指寻找和选拔具体工作岗位的申请人,包括受薪人员、志愿者和合同员工。如果确定需要受薪工作人员和志愿者,招聘部门应该根据需求预测报告及时地招聘到高水准的工作人员。该部门还应确保能够物色并通过市场招聘到可以提供所需服务的合同员工。组委会可以设立专门的职能部门办理招聘有关事宜。

The Recruitment area relates to the sourcing and selection of applicants to fill specific jobs that may include paid, volunteer and contract staff. When demand has been identified for paid staff and volunteers, the Recruitment area ensures that quality staff are recruited in a timely manner according to demand forecast reports. This area also ensures that contract labour is properly scoped, available in the market place and recruited for the provision of services as required. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Recruitment aspects.

218. 费率卡(Rate Card)

费率卡是一份组委会按照《主办城市合同》规定必须免费提供的物资和服务以外的物资和服务和各自租赁费率的清单。费率卡的用户群包括:媒体、各国奥委会、国际单项体育组织、赞助商接待和国际奥委会。费率卡物资和服务主要供奥运会期间使用,典型的包括,电信、办公技术设备、声像设备、汽车、家具、设备装置、白色家电、医疗设备和杂物。组委会可以成立专门的职能部门办理费率卡事宜。

Rate Card is a list of goods and/or services other than those goods and/or services the OCOG is obliged to provide free of charge under the terms of the Host City Contract, and their respective rental rates. Rate Card user groups include: Media, NOCs, IFs, Sponsor Hospitality and the IOC. Rate Card goods and services are generally provided for hire during the Games period, and typically include: telecommunications, office equipment and technology, audio visual, motor vehicles, furniture, fittings and equipment, white goods, medical equipment and sundries. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Rate Card aspects.

219. 运行就绪阶段(Operational Readiness Planning)

(大约在奥运会前12个月至前1个月)这是奥运会运行之前的最后准备阶段,包括在奥运会开幕前进行最后调试的各类模拟演练和彩排等。

(approx G-12 months – G-1 month) The final phase of preparing to implement the plans, incorporating simulation exercises and rehearsals to fine-tune delivery. 220. 测试赛计划阶段(Test Event Planning)

大约在奥运会前20个月至前10个月)

这是奥运会组委会制定各项奥运筹备工作测试计划的阶段。在该阶段,要制定一系列的测试赛计划,主要以场馆为基础的,但也有一些是以职能部门为基础的。从这些测试赛中得到的反馈意见和教训将会被采纳到各种奥运会的计划文件中。这个阶段的成果包括《测试赛场馆运行或职能运行计划》和《最终场馆运行和职能部门运行计划》。

(approx G-20 months – G – 10 months)The phase when the OCOG plans how it will test its Games-time preparations. This involves planning to conduct a series of events, primarily venue-based but also some -based. Feedback and lessons learned from these events are then incorporated into the Games planning documents. Outputs during this phase are Test Event Venue-specific or -specific Operating Plans and Final Venue-specific and al Area Operating Plans.

221. 运行计划阶段(Operational Planning)

(大约为奥运会前72 - 12个月)

在此阶段,组委会依照既定的结构、时间表及方法逐步进入了一个更加细化的计划阶段,即奥运会运行计划阶段。其目的是使组委会逐渐进入奥运会的就绪状态。最初的重点工作是职能计划,由各职能部门制订各自的战略计划。随后逐渐转向以场馆为主,只在必要时保持以职能为重点。这一阶段的成果包括《职能部门战略计划》、《职能部门运行纲要》、《竞赛场馆通用运行纲要》、《职能部门运行计划草案》、《样板竞赛场馆运行计划》和《各具体场馆运行计划草案》。

(approx G-72 months – G-12 months) Within this phase, the OCOG evolves through progressively more detailed phases of planning for Games operations, according to an agreed structure, timeline and methodology, designed to move the organisation towards a state of readiness to deliver the Games. Initially, focus is on al Planning, when each develops its Strategic Plan. The evolution progresses, moving primarily to a venue-based focus, but retaining a al focus where required. Outputs during this phase are al Area Strategic Plans, al Area Concepts of Operations, Generic Competition Venue Concept of Operations, Draft al Area Operating Plans, Model Competition Venue Operating Plan and Draft Venue-specific Operating Plans. 222. INFO系统(INFO System)

INFO系统是奥运会期间通过遍布各奥运场馆、奥运村和其他设施的终端连接的一个在线内部网信息系统。该系统为奥林匹克大家庭成员,包括媒体和国家奥委会代表队,提供由各职能部门撰写、编辑和发布的内容,如比赛日程、竞赛信息、运动员简介、赛事回顾与预告、新闻发布会报告、新闻快讯、新闻发布稿以及天气预报和交通信息。INFO后面需要说明奥运会的年份,如INFO 2000、INFO2002。今后或许也可以通过因特网实现远程接入。 INFO is a Games time online intranet information system accessed via terminals spread throughout the Olympic venues, villages and other facilities. Its content is written, collated and published by multiple s for the benefit of members of the Olympic Family, including the media and NOC teams. Content includes competition schedules, sport information, athlete biographies, event reviews and previews, press conference reports, flash quotes, press releases, as well as weather report and transport information. INFO is named with the year of the Games, e.g. INFO 2000, INFO 2002 In the future, remote access may also be extended via the internet.

223. 互联网服务(Internet Services)

互联网服务包括奥运会以前和奥运会期间通过互联网提供的服务。这些服务主要是发布关于奥运会的一般信息和更为具体的竞赛信息。它也是联系如志愿者、收费卡用户、订票观众等不同人群的有效工具。 Internet Services includes the Pre-Games and Games services delivered through the net, mainly consisting in the dissemination of information of general interest about the Games and more specifically about Competitions, but also being a powerful tool for communicating with specific groups of people like volunteers, rate card clients, applicants for spectrum reservation, etc.

224. 政府关系 (Government Relations)

政府关系是指促进和管理奥运会组委会与地方和国家政府各部门的关系。与政府的良好关系对于激发国家和当地对于奥运会的支持非常重要,它也是组委会各职能部门就奥运会计划和运行与相关政府部门进行协商的基础。奥运会组委会可以成立专门的职能部门处理政府关系事务。

Government Relations fosters and manages relations between the OCOG, state and national government agencies. A good relationship with the government is important to generate national and community support for the Games and it also underpins the negotiations between al areas and specific government agencies for services or facilities necessary for Games planning and operations. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Government Relations aspects.

225. 竞赛场地 (Field of Play,FOP)

在通用定义中,FOP是指竞赛及直接相邻和周边的保障场地,与观众区域有边界分离。每个竞赛场地的设计与规格按照国际单项体育组织的规定,因比赛项目而异。同样,每个竞赛场的边界和允许在其中进行的活动也因项目而异。在(英语)体育行业术语中,FOP经常又被称为:court、field、diamond、pool deck、track、ring、course、arena(或其他类似名称)。

For the purpose of a generic definition, FOP is defined as that area used for the sporting competition plus the immediate and surrounding support areas at which a boundary separates the attendant spectators. The design and specifications of each field of play varies from one sport to another and are in accordance with IF rules. As such, the boundaries of the FOP and activities permitted to take place in it are distinct for each sport. In sporting vernacular, the FOP is often referred to as court, field, diamond, pool deck, track, ring, course, arena (or similar name).

226. 信息发布(Info Diffusion)

指一整套信息系统,,其主要作用是发布与竞赛,尤其是与竞赛成绩有关的信息。这些系统包括 INFO系统、讲解员信息系统、印刷品散发系统、成绩数据馈送系统(提供给世界新闻机构),以及互联网数据馈送(提供给不同的网站)系统。

A set of information systems whose main purpose is the dissemination of competition-related information, especially competition results. Examples of these systems include: INFO System, Commentator Information System, Print Distribution System, Results Data Feed (results feed to the World News Press Agencies) and the Internet Data Feed (results feed to different web sites).

227. 总计划进程(Generic Planning Process)

这是一个宏观计划,它描述了组委会从成立到解散之存续期内奥运会计划工作的演进过程。各具体计划阶段和时间视不同组委会的特定情况作相应调整。该计划过程包含两大主线:场馆计划和职能部门计划。

The high-level process that describes the evolution in Olympic planning during the lifecycle of an OCOG from foundation through dissolution. The exact planning phases and timing of each phase are adapted to fit the context of the specific OCOG. T

here are two main streams to the planning process: venue planning and al area planning.

228. 基础计划阶段(Foundation Planning)

(时间大约为奥运会召开前98至66个月)此阶段指组委会的初始阶段,起始于主办城市身份确定之日,截止于下一阶段工作的开始。在此阶段内,组委会组成,执委会成立,高层管理人员招募到位;同时,确认与奥运会相关的立法需求、确定组委会管理结构,以及构思奥运会形象。在此阶段,组委会需要产生的文件包括国际奥委会/组委会总体进度表(Master Schedule)、场馆和基础设施建设进度表初稿、场馆和基础设施责任矩阵,以及总体战略计划(Global Strategic Plan)等。

(approx. G-98 months to G-66 months) The initial phase of each OCOG starting when the Host City is selected and ending when the next phase begins. Within this phase the OCOG is incorporated, the Board is formed, top management staff are recruited, the need for Games-related legislation is identified, corporate governance structure is selected and the image of the Games is envisioned. Outputs during this phase are the IOC/OCOG Master Schedule, the first version of the Venue and Infrastructure Construction Schedule, the Venue and Infrastructure Responsibility Matrix and the Global Strategic Plan.

229. 制服(Uniforms)

制服部门负责奥运会的全体员工和技术官员的制服及其附属品的计划制定、设计、采购和发放等工作。发放对象包括所有受薪员工、志愿者以及某些承包商团队,如赞助商公司员工和奥林匹克转播组织(OBO)等。此外,奥运会前一些特殊赛事,如测试赛,也由该部门负责提供制服。组委会可以为此成立专职部门。

The Uniforms area is responsible for the planning, design, procurement and distribution of uniforms and accessories for the Games Workforce and Technical Officials. This includes all paid staff, volunteers and selected contract groups including sponsor staff and the Olympic Broadcasting Organisation (OBO). This area is also responsible for specific pre-Games events such as test event uniforms. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Uniforms aspects.

230. 餐饮(Catering)

餐饮指在奥运会及相关活动期间,向所有顾客群提供餐饮服务。主要涉及计划编制、组织、协调以及合同管理等的事项。组委会可以为此成立专职部门。

Catering relates to the planning, organisation, coordination and management of contracts necessary to deliver the food and beverage services to all customer groups during the Olympic Games and related events. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Catering aspects.

231. 场馆群(Cluster)

场馆群指在某一地域范围内的临近的若干个场馆和/或设施,不必要有固定的边界。这些场馆/设施的运行互相影响,且在一定程度上构成一个整体。

A number (more than one) of venues and or facilities in close geographical proximity, which do not require a secure perimeter. The operations of the venues / facilities impact on each other and are therefore integrated to the extent necessary. 232. 场馆工作区(Back of House (BOH)

场馆工作区,简称BOH,是指场馆内外不允许观众进入的地区。只有持有相应证件的人员才可以进入工作区。典型的场馆工作区包括用于支持场馆运行这些地区:货物装卸地、办公区、工程场地、物资交换地、工作人员候车区、停车场、仓储区等。场馆工作区通常建在观众视线之外,其进出受到严格限制。

The area within and/or surrounding a venue not accessible to spectators. The BOH area is only accessible to appropriately accredited people. Typically BOH includes those areas of a venue designed to support the operations of the venue such as loading docks, administration offices, construction compounds, materials transfer, drop off areas, parking, salle ports, storage and site sheds. BOH areas are typically located out of the view of the public, and access is restricted.

233. 场馆公众区(Front of House (FOH))

场馆公众区,简称FOH,是指场馆中检票口以内允许持票观众和其他参会者进入的地区。场馆公众区通常包括所有参会者的座位以及为观众提供服务的设施,如卫生间、食品和饮料销售点、特许经营商品销售点和急救点。

Front of House (FOH) is the area within a venue accessible to ticketed spectators and other constituents, located after the ticket-rip point. The FOH usually contains seating for all constituents and services for spectators such as toilets, food and beverage, concession stands and first aid.

234. 制证(Accreditation)

制证系指奥运会身份和注册卡的登记、制作、分发和生效的过程。 身份和注册卡赋予持有人奥运会通行权和其他优待权。 奥运会组委会可以设立一个职能部门负责制证事务。 Accreditation relates to the process of registering, producing, distributing and validating the Olympic identity and accreditation card that permits the holder access rights and other privileges for the Olympic Games. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Accreditation aspects.

235. 机场运行(Airport Operation)

这里指奥运会参加者抵离所使用的机场的运行工作,涉及平时机场运行的所有空中和地面的常规工作领域,同时也涉及专为奥运会参加者提供的特别服务,其中包括奥运会身份和注册卡的生效、迎送礼宾服务、行李和器材管理以及地面交通。

The operation of the airport/s used for arrival and departure of Olympic Games participants includes all the normal aspects of operating an airport out of Games time, both airside and landside, with additional services specific to Olympic participants, including validation of Olympic Identity and Accreditation Cards, meet and greet services, luggage and equipment management and ground transport.

236. 洁净场馆(Clean Venue)

洁净场馆是指符合主办城市合同和奥林匹克宪章(第61条规则)规定的标准的场馆。奥林匹克宪章规定,奥运会期间,处在观众、注册人员以及电视和摄像镜头视野之内的所有建筑物、设施和区域,都不应该出现不符合奥运会环境氛围的商业性广告或其他信息。

A venue that complies with the standards established in the Host City Contract and the Olympic Charter (Rule 61). The Olympic Charter mandates that all structures, facilities and areas that are visible by spectators, accredited people and broadcast cameras at the Olympic Games, should be free of commercial advertising and other messages deemed inappropriate for the Olympic Games environment.

237. 指挥与控制(Command and Control)

―指挥与控制‖是奥运会运行期间组织结构的概念,其目的是对所有职能部门在场馆、场馆区或其他地方派出的运行队伍进行集中管理和决策。奥运会组委会可以建立一个负责指挥与控制职能部门。奥运会运行期间,这个部门负责履行对整个运动会的指挥与控制,主要是通过主运行中心(MOC)来协调。

Command and Control is the concept of forming the Games-time organisational work for integrated operations and decision-making by all al areas represented in venue, precinct and other operational teams. The OCOG may establish a Command and Control al area to manage this. During Games-time, this area is responsible for implementing Games-wide command and control, primarily coordinated through the Main Operations Centre (MOC). The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Command and Control aspects.

238. 奥运会会期(Games Time)

奥运会会期指从开幕式开始到闭幕式结束这段时间。(参见《奥林匹克宪章》附则第36条)

A period of time defined as beginning of the Opening Ceremony and ending with the end of the Closing Ceremony. (See Olympic Charter Bye-law to Rule 36) 239. 奥运会期间(Games Period)

奥运会期间指从奥运村开村、训练场馆开放到奥运村闭村这段时间。

A period of time beginning with the opening of the Olympic Village and training venues and ending with the closing of the Olympic Village.

240. 场馆特许商品零售点(Concessions)

场馆特许商品零售点是指奥运会组委会事先批准的供特许零售商或其他销售者在奥运会场馆销售和散发特许产品和纪念品的设施。一般情况下,在奥运会场馆有两种特许零售点:食品和特许商品。特许商品零售点包括供流动销售商使用的奥运会场馆内的永久性、可拆装式或临时性的摊位或售货站点。应该区分两种情况,一种(C类)是指销售可口可乐产品的特许商品零售点,另一种(c类)是不销售可口可乐产品特许商品零售点。根据奥运会的运行需要,大多数的食品销售点应视为第一类,销售可口可乐产品。特许商品零售点也涉及室内和室外的售货车。

A facility approved in advance by an OCOG from which a concessionaire or other vendor sells or distributes products or merchandise at the sites. Generally, two types of concessions exist in venues: food and merchandise. Concessions may include the permanent, portable or temporary stands and stations for roving vendors (hawkers) to be used at the venues. It should be noted that a Concession (with a ―C‖) is any outlet serving Coca-Cola products and a concession (with a ―c‖) is any outlet not serving Coca-Cola products. Due to Games operations, the majority of food service outlets are deemed Concessions and serve Coca-Cola products. This term also refers to indoor or outdoor carts.

241. 职能部门(al Areas,FA)

国际奥委会已经制定了一个通用的奥运会组委会职能部门系列表,这个职能部门系列表是按照奥运会的功能而不是按照组织结构制定的,不是为了代替或规定奥运会组委会的组织结构,而是一种用于比对过去和现在的奥运会组委会的职能的方法。

The IOC has developed a generic listing of al Areas, which are based on Games 's' rather than on an organisational structure. The al Areas are not meant to replace or prescribe an organisation structure, but to provide a means for comparing similar s across multiple OCOGs, present and past.

242. 竞赛运行(Sport Operations)

竞赛运行部门对适用于所有奥运会竞赛项目的相关服务、工作程序、运行标准以及职能进行统一规划和实施。重要的是让所有竞赛项目接受同样水平的服务、遵守同样的工作程序、执行同样的运行标准和具备同样的职能;同样,对于组委会内部和外部有关方面来说,组委会内部只设一个联络点负责某些具体服务、程序、运行标准或者职能方面的事宜。这一职责由竞赛运行部门承担。

Sport Operations provides centralised planning and implementation sport-related services, processes, operational standards and s applicable to all Olympic sports. Where it is deemed important for all sports to receive the same level of service or process or operational standard or , or where it is important for internal or external parties to have one point of contact within the OCOG for particular services or processes or operational standards or s, Sport Operations carries out this responsibility. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Sport Operations aspects. 243. 竞赛报名和资格审查(Sport Entries & Qualification, SEQ)

竞赛报名和资格审查部门,简称SEQ,负责有资格参加奥运会和符合备选条件的运动员的正式报名工作。竞赛报名和资格审查由奥运会组委会、各国际单项体育联合会和各国奥委会合作开展。其总体目标是:确保只有符合备选条件的运动员正式报名参加奥运会,确保每一名运动员都符合国际体育联合会规定的资格,并确保所有的运动员都由其国家奥委会确认可以代表国家参赛。

The Sport Entries and Qualification area (SEQ) manages the official entry of qualified and eligible athletes into the Olympic Games. Sport Entries and Qualification management is a partnership among the OCOG, the International Federations (IFs) and the National Olympic Committees (NOCs). The overall objectives are to: ensure that only eligible athletes are formally "entered" to participate in the Games, ensure that each individual is qualified in accordance with the rules of the International Sport Federations and to ensure that all athletes are confirmed by their respective NOC to represent their nation. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Sport Entries and Qualification aspects.

244. 财务计划 (Financial Planning)

财务计划部门负责制定、执行和修改组委会的财务计划及其各种收支预算;负责监督和报告预算的实际执行情况,以保证收支控制在预算以内;提供持续准确的财务风险的预测和评估,并评价收入战略和支出建议与运行计划和预算的一致性。

Financial Planning has the responsibility to develop, implement and maintain the OCOG financial plan and its various revenue and expenditure budgets. It is responsible for monitoring and reporting actual performance against budget, ensuring revenue and expenditure are managed to budget limits, providing ongoing accurate forecasts and assessments of financial risks, and evaluating revenue strategies and expenditure proposals for consistency with operation plans and budgets. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Financial Planning aspects.

财务管理(Financial Management)

财务管理是指制定和有效地实施与奥组委运行相关的财务报告和财 务管理制度。它的主要职责是向执委会、组委会领导人办公室以及相关的 内部和外部委员会及时、准确地提供财务报告、财务信息和商业建议。

财务管理部门应确保设立足够的管理系统和工作程序,以便能够完 全、准确地记录组委会一切相关财务活动;还应该保证组委会能够遵守和 维持有效的财务管理制度。同时,该部门还负责履行组委会的税务和法定 报告义务,管理组委会的财政运行,其中包括现金流管理、外汇交易、借 贷和组委会剩余资金的投资活动等。

Financial Management relates to the determination and maintenance of the work for effective financial reporting and financial control over the OCOG's operations. Its primary objectives include the provision of timely and accurate financial reports, financial information and commercial advice to the OCOG Board, Executive Office and relevant internal and external committees.

It ensures that adequate systems and procedures are in place to enable the OCOG to account for all relevant transactions completely and accurately, and to ensure that an effective system of financial control is observed and maintained by the organisation. It is responsible for meeting the taxation and statutory reporting obligations of the organisation, as well as managing the organisation's treasury operations including managing cash flow, foreign currency transactions, borrowings and investment of the OCOG's surplus funds. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Financial Management aspects.

245. 财务管理(Financial Management)

财务管理是指制定和有效地实施与奥组委运行相关的财务报告和财 务管理制度。它的主要职责是向执委会、组委会领导人办公室以及相关的 内部和外部委员会及时、准确地提供财务报告、财务信息和商业建议。

财务管理部门应确保设立足够的管理系统和工作程序,以便能够完 全、准确地记录组委会一切相关财务活动;还应该保证组委会能够遵守和 维持有效的财务管理制度。同时,该部门还负责履行组委会的税务和法定 报告义务,管理组委会的财政运行,其中包括现金流管理、外汇交易、借 贷和组委会剩余资金的投资活动等。

Financial Management relates to the determination and maintenance of the work for effective financial reporting and financial control over the OCOG's operations. Its primary objectives include the provision of timely and accurate financial reports, financial information and commercial advice to the OCOG Board, Executive Office and relevant internal and external committees.

It ensures that adequate systems and procedures are in place to enable the OCOG to account for all relevant transactions completely and accurately, and to ensure that an effective system of financial control is observed and maintained by the organisation. It is responsible for meeting the taxation and statutory reporting obligations of the organisation, as well as managing the organisation's treasury operations including managing cash flow, foreign currency transactions, borrowings and investment of the OCOG's surplus funds. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Financial Management aspects.

246. 物流(Logistics)

物流系指对所有供货的计划、接受、分配、财产跟踪和处置进行管理和监督。奥运会组委会可以建立一个职能部门负责物流事务。

Logistics relates to the management and supervision of the implementation of all delivery scheduling, receipt, distribution, asset tracking and disposal. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Logistics aspects.

247. 主运行中心(Main Operations Centre (MOC))

主运行中心,简称MOC,是一个非比赛场馆,其作用是提供一个集中的信息、协调、报告和决策系统,使奥组委执行机构及其合作伙伴/合作机构(指与奥运会运行相关的政府部门和机构 - 译者注)能够有效地指挥奥运会的进行。主运行中心协助奥运会场馆和其他职能部门解决无法或不应在他们那里解决的问题。因此,主运行中心是在必要情况下指导奥运会运行的中央指挥、控制和联络中心。

The Main Operations Centre (MOC) is a non-competition venue which s to provide a centralised information, coordination, reporting and decision-making system, allowing the OCOG Executive and its partners/agencies to manage the effective conduct of the Games. It provides support to venues and al areas to resolve issues that cannot or should not be resolved at those locations. Therefore the MOC is the central Command, Control and Communications Centre to direct Games operations when necessary.

248. 法律(Legal)

法律部是负责向组委会提供随时的、经济的、优质的法律咨询和支持服务的部门。这包括要确保组委会履行《奥林匹克宪章》、《主办城市合同》以及相关法规及组委会签署的合同中所规定的义务;也包括参与本着保护组委会的利益以及收入最大化等原则进行的谈判和协议的起草和签署;维护组委会良好的法人管理结构,协助解决组委会与其他方的法律纠纷和诉讼。组委会可以成立专门部门负责与法律有关的事务。

The Legal area provides readily accessible, cost effective and high quality legal advice and support to the OCOG in the discharge of its s. This includes ensuring compliance by the OCOG with its obligations under the Olympic Charter, Host City Contract, relevant legislation and contracts to which it is a party. The Legal al area also negotiates, concludes and documents agreements which protect the interests of and maximise revenue opportunities for the OCOG, ensures good corporate governance of the OCOG and facilitates the resolution of disputes and manages litigation in which the OCOG is involved. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Legal aspects.

249. 特许经营和纪念品销售(Licensing and Merchandising)

特许经营和纪念品销售是指组委会通过使用奥林匹克品牌和知识产权等途径,在本国以及任何可能的国际市场销售官方特许商品、使组委会收入最大化的行为。与生产奥林匹克商品的厂商签署相关协议,把组委会的奥林匹克标志使用权授予第三方(即特许经营者),以便特许经营者可以在奥运会纪念品上使用奥林匹克标志。组委会可以成立专门部门,办理特许经营与纪念品销售方面的事务。

Licensing and Merchandising relates to the role of maximising the OCOG‘s revenues from the sale of Official Licensed Merchandise, utilising Olympic brands and intellectual properties, both in the host country and internationally where possible. Agreements are developed with manufacturers to produce Olympic merchandise, granting the use of its mark or marks to a third party (a licensee) so the licensee can use the mark on merchandise to create souvenirs that commemorate the Olympic Games. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Licensing and Merchandising aspects.

250. 市场开发合作伙伴(Marketing Partners)

市场合作伙伴是指获得奥运市场营销权的一个商业实体。这种权利是通过它和奥林匹克运动或单个奥林匹克组织建立关系并对举办和运行奥运会进行财政投资而获得的。市场开发合作伙伴包括一届奥运会的所有正式赞助商、供应商、特许经营商和转播商等。

A commercial entity that has obtained Olympic marketing rights through its relationship with the Olympic Movement or a single Olympic organisation and its financial investment in the staging and operations of the Olympic Games, including all official sponsors, suppliers, licensees, and broadcasters of an individual Olympic Games. 251. 国际广播中心(International Broadcast Centre (IBC))

国际广播中心,简称IBC,是一个广播和电视转播场馆,由OBO/OBS负责其设计和设备配置以及运行。在这里,OBO/OBS接收和发送在各个场馆制作的国际电视和广播信号。所有广播电信设备,包括接受和发送设备,都集中在此。IBC被设计为转播权持有者的工作场所,按照他们的要求提供广播设备、构建办公场地和提供基本服务。IBC和IBC内的一般性服务根据与转播权持有者签署的协议的要求由奥运会组委会和OBO/OBS协商提供。

对于夏季奥运会来说,IBC通常坐落在主新闻中心附近,并临近奥运会的中心区域和田径和游泳等主要项目的比赛场馆。对于冬季奥运会来说,IBC和MPC通常在同一地点并被称为主媒体中心,简称MMC。

The International Broadcast Centre (IBC) is a radio and television broadcasting venue whose design and fitout is managed and operated by the OBO/OBS. At the IBC, the OBO/OBS receives and distributes the ITVR Signals, generated at the venues. All broadcast telecommunications facilities both for contribution and distribution are concentrated at this point. The IBC is also designed to accommodate the Rights Holders and to place at their disposal, according to their needs, broadcasting equipment, constructed space and basic services enabling them to prepare and trans

mit their radio and television coverage of the Olympic Games. The IBC and IBC general services are provided by the OCOG in consultation with the OBO/OBS and as per the agreements with Rights Holders. The fitout of the IBC is the responsibility of the OBO/OBS. General services at the IBC are provided by the OCOG in consultation with the OBO and as per the agreements with Rights Holders. For the Summer Games, the IBC is generally situated in close proximity to the Main Press Centre (MPC) and close to the main Olympic precinct and major sports such as athletics and aquatics. For the Winter Games, the IBC and MPC are often co-located and become known as a Main Media Centre (MMC).

252. 主新闻中心(Main Press Centre (MPC))

主新闻中心,简称MPC,是奥运会的一个非竞赛场馆。它是奥运会期间注册的文字和图片新闻机构的主要工作场地。从性质上讲,MPC是E卡注册媒体的神经中枢,24小时为他们提供服务和设施。它是为注册媒体提供一切支持、新闻和信息服务的主要中心。

对于夏季奥运会来说,MPC一般坐落在国际广播中心附近,并临近奥运会的中心区域和田径和游泳等主要项目的比赛场馆。对于冬季奥运会来说,IBC和MPC通常在同一地点并被称为主媒体中心,简称MMC。

The Main Press Centre (MPC) is an Olympic non-competition venue and is the central work place for the accredited written and photographic press at the Olympic Games. Essentially, the MPC is the nerve centre for the E accredited media, providing them with 24-hour support and facilities. It is the main centre for all support, news and information services for the accredited press. For the Summer Games, the MPC is generally situated in close proximity to the IBC and close to the main Olympic precinct and major sports such as athletics and aquatics. For the Winter Games, the IBC and MPC are often co-located and become known as a Main Media Centre (MMC).

253. 教育(Education)

教育部门是负责鼓励青年,并通过青年鼓励他们的家庭,理解和信仰奥运会的精神,树立参与和参加奥运会的意识;在奥运会的过程中,通过利用体现奥林匹克主义主旨的主题活动,如技术、文化多样性、环境、追求卓越、体育、全球化和友谊等以及学生或社区的兴趣活动,使他们最大限度地受益于教育和获得学习成果。奥运会组委会可以设立一个职能部门主管教育。

The Education area is responsible for encouraging young people, and through them their families, to understand and embrace the spirit of the Olympic Games, building a sense of involvement and participation in the Games and maximising the educational benefit and learning outcomes for school students available through the Games by building on opportunities inherent in the themes that underpin Olympism (such as technology, cultural diversity, environment, pursuit of excellence, sport, glo

balisation and friendship) and student/community interest. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Education aspects.

254. 奥林匹克广播服务公司(Olympic Broadcasting Services (OBS))

奥林匹克广播服务公司,简称OBS,是国际奥委会设立的一家专门实现奥运会主转播商或奥林匹克转播组织(OBO)功能的瑞士公司。OBS的具体职责如下:按国际奥委会的要求,制作和传播奥运会的电视和广播报道;负责奥运会期间的广播和电视运行中心——国际广播中心(IBC);在场馆和IBC为转播权持有者协调和提供转播设施和服务,包括转播设备和通讯服务;在组委会内代表转播权持有者提出服务需求;如果需要,担当专题片制作人和向转播权持有人提供奥运档案资料服务。

注:20xx年和20xx年奥运会,是由组委会设立OBO公司;20xx年奥运会,北京奥组委和OBS建立了合资公司,被称为北京奥运会转播有限公司,简称"BOB";从20xx年起,OBS将独自发挥职能。

Olympic Broadcasting Services (OBS) is a Swiss company created by the IOC, specifically to fulfil the host broadcaster/OBO for the Olympic Games. Specifically, OBS is responsible for the following: Produce and distribute the international television and radio coverage of the Games, as mandated by the IOC; International Broadcast Centre (IBC), which is the headquarters for the radio and television operation during the Games; Coordinate and provide broadcast facilities and services at both the venues and the IBC for the Rights Holders for such items as broadcast equipment and telecommunications; Represent the needs of the Rights Holders within the OCOG in regards to services; As required, act as producer of features and maintain an Olympic archival service for the Rights Holders.

NOTE: For 2004 and 2006, the OBO is an OCOG established company. For 2008 it is a joint operating venture between BOCOG and OBS called ?Beijing Olympic Broadcasting ?BOB‘. From 2010 onwards, it is the exclusive of OBS.

255. 奥林匹克广播组织(Olympic Broadcasting Organization, OBO)

奥林匹克广播组织,简称OBO,是负责制作国际电视和广播信号,并为奥运会转播商提供奥运会转播所需的设施和服务的机构。除了制作国际电视和广播信号外,OBO还需负责在场地和国际广播中心(IBC)安装和运营转播技术设施,并提供单边奥运会转播所需要的广播电信传输服务和其他服务。OBO还为转播权持有者提供与奥运会组委会及其他本地机构的协调服务。

注:20xx年和20xx年奥运会,OBO是组委会设立的公司;20xx年,是北京奥组委和OBS建立的合资公司;从20xx年起,它将是国际奥委会的广播服务公司OBS的一项职能。

Olympic Broadcasting Organisation (OBO)

The Olympic Broadcast Organisation ?OBO‘ is the organisation, which has the responsibility of producing the ITVR Signals and for the further purpose of providing broadcasters with the facilities and services necessary for broadcasting the Olympic Games. In addition to generating the ITVR Signals, the OBO must install and operate the technical broadcasting facilities at the venues and the IBC, provide broadcast telecommunications and other services that may be required for the unilateral broadcast coverage of the Olympic Games, and serve the Rights Holders by acting as the interface with the OCOG and other local organisations.

NOTE: For 2004 and 2006, this is an OCOG established company. For 2008 it is a joint operating venture between BOCOG and OBS. From 2010 onwards, it is a of the IOC‘s broadcast company OBS.

256. 奥运会景观(Look of the Games)

奥运会景观系指在所有的奥运会场馆、地点实行统一的标识、装饰和路标系统。这方面的工作主要包含设计、项目管理、制作和安装。必须分清奥运会形象与景观之间的区别。形象是指决定整个设计构想的全部设计、构图以及艺术性方面的问题。景观是指用直观的方式来表达这种设计构想,并计划和制作奥运会期间的景观所需的所有的物资材料。奥运会景观包括应用于条幅标语和高层建筑物上的背景图案等,这是为了在奥运会主办城市的奥运场馆和公共场所提供统一的设计图案和形象标志。奥运会组委会可以建立一个职能部门办理奥运会景观方面的事务。

Look of the Games relates to the implementation of an integrated identification, decorations and way finding signage programme for all Games locations and venues. Its activities mainly involve design, project management, production and installation. The difference between Image and Look of the Games must be noted. Image is responsible for all design, image and artistic issues determining the overall design vision. Look of the Games manages one visual expression of this design vision, planning and producing all the materials for the Games time look. The Look of Games includes graphics that may be applied to banners, towers, etc. in order to provide uniform design and imagery to Olympic venues and public space within the Host City. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Look of the Games aspects. 257. 形象(Image)

形象系指奥运会视觉特征的计划、创作和管理,以及奥运会各领域形象设计问题的协调。这个方面的工作主要涉及设计、咨询、协调和审批。奥运会组委会可以建立一个职能部门处理形象方面的工作。

Image relates to the planning, creation and management of the visual identity of the Games, as well as coordinating design issues for all areas of the Olympic Games. The activities of this area primarily involve design, consultation, coordination and approvals. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Image aspects.

258. 文化活动(Cultural Programme)

国际奥委会的奥林匹克宪章规定,组委会必须为配合奥运会的召开举办一系列文化活动,这些活动应以促进奥运会参赛者和其他参加者之间的和谐关系、互相理解和良好友谊为宗旨。 文化活动旨在展现体育和艺术在美德、力量和成就方面的共同价值,促进举办城市和举办国的文化艺术发展和国际间文化交流,为宣传奥林匹克主义和奥运会提供一个动感、高水准的舞台。组委会可以成立专职部门负责这方面的事务。

The IOC Charter states that the Organising Committee must organise a programme of cultural events, and that this programme must serve to promote harmonious relations, mutual understanding and friendship among the participants and others attending the Olympic Games.

The role of the Cultural Programme is to highlight the shared s of sport and the arts in terms of excellence, endeavour and achievement; to promote the arts and culture of the host city and the host nation while embracing an international cultural dimension; and to provide a dynamic and high profile context for promoting Olympism and the Olympic Games. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Cultural Programme aspects.

259. 观察员计划(Observer Programme)

观察员计划是为将要举办奥运会的组委会、市场开发合作伙伴、奥运会候选城市以及其他国际性运动会或世界杯组委会提供与举办奥运会直接相关信息的一种方式和途径。

The programme geared to provide access to pertinent information regarding staging the Olympic Games to Organising Committees for the Olympic Games (OCOGs) of future games and Marketing Partners, as well as Candidate Cities and organising committees of other world games or world cups.

260. 风险管理(Risk Management)

风险管理有助于识别对奥运会运行产生影响的风险,有助于制定最大限度降低这类风险的战略。风险管理部门与场馆团队和其他职能部门管理人员密切合作,以识别和控制与奥运会期间的运行相关的风险。这种相互配合发生在以下四个核心领域:安全、财务风险分析、保险和应急预案制定。组委会可以设立一个职能部门负责风险管理方面的工作。

Risk Management facilitates the identification of risks impacting on the operations of the Olympic Games and the development of strategies to minimise such risks. The Risk Management area works closely with venue teams and other al area managers to identify and manage risks associated with the Games time operations. This interaction occurs in one of four key areas: safety, financial risk analysis, insurance and contingency planning. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Risk Management aspects.

261. 竞赛管理(Competition Management)

竞赛管理指在举行每个比赛项目时, 最大程度地执行每个国际单项联合会制定的规则和规章,目的在于让世界上最优秀的运动员发挥出他们最好的成绩。竞赛管理必须确保奥运会项目中所有比赛项目组织模式的一致性。组委会可以建立专门从事竞赛管理的部门。

Competition Management relates to the implementation of the rules and regulations of each International Federation in the delivery of each sport at the highest level possible for the world's best athletes to stage their talents. Competition Management must ensure the sports on the Olympic programme are organised in a consistent manner from sport to sport. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Competition Management aspects.

262. 竞赛(Competition)

竞赛系指在体育场馆举行的比赛大项或分项中的一场比赛。竞赛由组委会的竞赛经理负责,技术性管理及竞赛的指导则由相关的国际单项联合会掌控。

Competition involves the staging or participation of an event in the sport or discipline at a venue. Competition is managed by the OCOG Competition Managers, while the technical control and direction of the competition is the responsibility of the relevant International Federation.

263. 奥运会管理系统(Games Management System)

奥运会管理系统(GMS)是一套管理奥运会及其组织机构的应用软件,其中包括,制证、员工招募、交通、进出管理以及物流等。从组织角度讲,指的是负责开发、实施以及应用这套系统的人员。

The Games Management Systems (GMS) are those application areas that deal with the administration of the Games or the organisation that has responsibility for them. Examples of these areas are Accreditation, Games Staffing, Transportation, Access Control, and Logistics. As an organisation, it is the group of people who are responsible for developing, implementing, and deploying these systems.

264. 奥运会编码系统(Games Codes)

奥运会编码系统是奥运会期间运行的多个管理软件所需要的、权威的基础编码和相关术语(英、法文)的集合,用来保证不同的计算机应用软件在指代相同的物品、地点、人员或事件时使用相同的名称。它侧重于多个部门共用的数据。部分编码是由国际奥委会和外部组织确定的,还有一部分是主办城市特有的,如场馆代码。其内容包括,国家、语言、场馆、竞赛大项、分项、小项,以及职能部门的名称和对应编码等。

Games Codes are the primary authority listing of codes and related terminology (in English & French) required in various Games Systems applications in the Olympic Games.

They are required to ensure that computer applications refer to the correct thing, place, person or activity and focus on information required across multiple al Areas. Some of the codes are set by the IOC and external organisations, while others will be unique to the host city, such as the Venue Codes. Examples include the names and associated codes of countries, languages, venues, sports, disciplines, events, and al areas. 265. 总体进度表(Master Schedule)

国际奥委会/奥运会组委会的总体进度表是国际奥委会和奥运会组委会在组委会的整个存续周期内跟踪工作进展过程、确认组委会每个职能部门关键里程碑和可交付成果的项目管理工具。国际奥委会向组委会提供通用总体进度表并结合本地情况共同作出相应修订。修订的过程起始于基础计划阶段,并且在此后的组委会存续周期内根据需要不断适时做出新的调整。 注:IOC奥运会术语表中建议:使用―总体进度表‖(Master Schedule),不使用―总体计划‖(Master Plan)。

The IOC/OCOG Master Schedule is a project management tool identifying the IOC and OCOG key milestones and deliverables for each of the OCOG. The schedule covers the lifecycle of the OCOG and allows progress to be tracked. A generic master schedule is provided by the IOC to the OCOG, and is then jointly adapted to fit the context of the specific OCOG. This adaptation occurs initially during the Foundation Planning phase and then progressively as needed over the lifecycle of the OCOG.

266. 火炬接力(Torch Relay)

火炬接力部门负责设计和组织奥林匹克圣火从希腊的奥林匹亚到奥运会举办国,以及环绕国内,最后抵达奥林匹克体育场的火炬传递路线和相关活动。组委会可以成立专门部门。 The Torch Relay area is responsible for the planning and activities related to the passage of the Olympic flame from Olympia in Greece to and around the host country, up to the Olympic stadium. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Torch Relay aspects. (See Olympic Charter Rule 67)

267. 采购(Procurement)

采购是指为举办奥运会对购买和/或获得设备、物资和服务进行的计划、实施和管理。采购是奥组委通过购买或实物赞助形式获得物资的过程。组委会可以建立专门部门负责采购事宜。

Procurement relates to the planning, implementation and management of the purchase and/or acquisition of equipment, goods and services as required to run the Games. Procurement is the process of obtaining goods by the OCOG through purchase or VIK. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Procurement aspects.

268. 场馆管理(Venue Management)

奥组委场馆管理部负责计划和管理场馆内部及周围的活动。具体任务是对所有奥运场馆和设施的联合运行进行计划、准备和实施,明确所有利益相关者、奥组委所有职能部门及合作伙伴/机构的需求。这需要奥组委由初始阶段的单个职能部门演变为后期的综合场馆工作组。奥组委可以成立专司场馆管理事务的职能部门。

The Venue Management area plans and manages the activity in and around the venues. The task is to plan, prepare and implement the integrated operation of all Olympic venues and facilities, accounting for the needs of all stakeholders, all OCOG al areas and partners/agencies. This necessitates orchestrating the evolution of the OCOG from individual al areas to integrated venue teams. The OCOG may establish a al area dealing with Venue Management aspects.

269. 总体战略计划(Global Strategic Plan)

总体战略计划是由奥组委及其合作伙伴在运行计划阶段初期制定的一份文件。内容包括:总体任务、设想、目标、需求确定过程、可利用的战略选择、当地市场机会和不利因素、主要职能领域风险、职能部门战略计划制定步骤、政府和其他合作伙伴角色、初期预算和初期员工招募计划等。

A document produced by the OCOG and its partners during the early stage of the Operational Planning phase. Contents include: overall mission, vision, objectives, requirements definition process, available strategic options, local market opportunities and constraints, key al area risks, steps to developing al Area Strategic Plans, role of government and other partners, initial budget, initial staffing plan.

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