奥林匹克旗帜上有五个不同颜色的圆环

奥林匹克旗帜上有五个不同颜色的圆环,天蓝色的代表欧洲,黄色的代表亚洲,黑色的代表非洲,草绿色的代表澳洲,红色的代表美洲.它们连接在一起象征五大洲的团结,象征全世界的运动员公正,坦率的比赛和友好的精神在奥林匹克运动会上相见,欢聚一堂,以促进奥林匹克运动的发展.

奥运会五环的由来

◆ 奥林匹克运动有一系列独特而鲜明的象征性标志,如奥林匹克标志、格言、奥运会会旗、会歌、会徽、奖牌、吉祥物等。这些标志有着丰富的文化含义,形象地体现了奥林匹克理想的价值取向和文化内涵。今天,随着奥林匹克运动的不断发展壮大,奥林匹克标志也已经在全世界家喻户晓、深入人心。

《奥林匹克宪章》规定,奥林匹克标志、奥林匹克旗、奥林匹克格言和奥林匹克会歌的产权属于国际奥委会专有。国际奥委会可采取一切适当措施使奥林匹克标志、旗、格言和会歌在各国和国际上获得法律保护。为了加强对奥林匹克知识产权和奥林匹克标志的保护,保障和维护奥林匹克知识产权人和奥林匹克标志权利人的合法权益,我国先后颁布了《北京市奥林匹克知识产权保护规定》(2001 年10 月11 日北京市政府令第85 号发布)和《奥林匹克标志保护条例》(2002 年2 月4 日中华人民共和国国务院令第345 号发布)。

当今世界上流传最广的标志要数奥林匹克五环了,随着奥林匹克运动的发展,它已成为奥林匹克精神与文化的形象代表,五环“转”到哪里,奥林匹克运动就在哪里生根开花。 说起五环的来历,曾经有过这样一个有趣的故事。 1936 年第11 届柏林奥运会第一次举行火炬传递活动,火炬的传递路线自奥林匹亚开始,从希腊北部出境,沿多瑙河穿过奥地利,最后进入德国。为了烘托这一具有象征意义的活动,奥运会组委会主席卡尔?迪姆及其同事几乎完全按照古奥运会的情景来布置沿途经过的古希腊遗址。火炬到达德尔菲帕那萨斯山的古代运动场时要举行一个特别仪式,这时,迪姆突发奇想,在一个高约3 英尺的长方形石头的四面设计并刻上了现代奥林匹克运动的五环标志,放在了古运动场的起跑线一端。仪式结束后,火炬继续北上,而这块作为道具的石头却被留在了古运动场。

由于极少有人知道这块刻有五环标志石头(后被称做“迪姆之石”)的真实身份,此后的很长一段时间,它被当做了“有3000 年历史的古代奥运会遗迹”。这个以讹传讹的错误直到20 世纪60 年代才被德尔菲的希腊官员指出。1972 年5 月,这个假文物被送到德尔菲的另一个地方——古罗马广场入口处。

事实上,现代奥林匹克运动的五环标志出自现代奥运会创始人顾拜旦之手。顾拜旦认为奥林匹克运动应该有自己的标志,这个念头在他的脑海里盘桓已久。1913 年,他终于构思设计了五环标志和以白色为底印有五环的奥林匹克旗,打算在国际奥委会成立20 周年之际推出这个标志。

1914 年6 月15 日~23 日,国际奥委会在法国巴黎索邦学院举行代表大会,同时庆祝国际奥委会成立20 周年。在纪念大会上,顾拜旦兴致勃勃地拿出自己设计的五环标志和一面印着五环的旗帜向大家展示,并建议将它们作为奥林匹克运动的标志。听了顾拜旦对五环标志的说明后,会议确定将奥林匹克五环和奥林匹克旗作为奥林匹克标志。

奥林匹克五环标志由5 个奥林匹克环从左至右套接而成,可以是单色,也可以是蓝、黄、黑、绿、红5 种颜色。最初的解释是五种颜色代表各国国旗的颜色,后来又将5 个不同颜色的圆环解释为五大洲的象征。

奥运会会旗,3 米长,2 米宽,以白色为底,象征纯洁。蓝、黄、黑、绿、红五环,环环相扣。1914 年,在巴黎举行的奥林匹克大会首次悬挂了奥林匹克旗。1920 年,奥林匹克旗第一次飘扬在安特卫普夏季奥运会体育场。这届奥运会后,比利时奥委会赠送了国际奥委会一面同样的旗,在奥运会期间悬挂,后成定制,历届奥运会开幕式上由上届举办城市转交此旗,

由举办城市保存,比赛期间主运动场仅悬挂代用品。1952 年,奥斯陆市赠送国际奥委会冬季奥运会会旗,交接、保存和使用方法与夏季奥运会相同。

1979 年6 月,国际奥委会正式宣布了会旗和五环的含义:《根据奥林匹克宪章》,奥林匹克旗帜和5 个圆环的含义是:象征五大洲的团结以及全世界运动员以公正、坦率的比赛和友好的精神在奥运会上相见。

奥运会五环的含义

◆ 代表五大洲。

蓝、黄、黑、绿和红色开始成为五大洲的象征,分别代表欧洲、亚洲、非洲、澳洲和美洲。 国际奥委会选择五个相连的圆环作为其标志,并选择了相应的色彩。五个圆环代表五大洲:大洋洲、非洲、美洲、亚洲和欧洲。更深一层的意思是代表着全世界的运动员都聚集在奥林匹克运动会上。

朴素的白色背景寓意着和平。

五种颜色从左到右分别是:上方三个蓝、黑、红,下方黄和绿。这五种颜色都为各国国旗上的常见颜色,而且没有被赋予特殊含义。但是也有人认为,这五种颜色分别代表着五大洲。

蓝 =欧洲

黄 =亚洲

黑 =非洲

绿 =大洋州

红 =美洲

奥运五环意义和含义:标志象征五大洲和全世界的运动员在奥运会上相聚一堂,充分体现了奥林匹克主义的内容,“所有国家—所有民族”的“奥林匹克大家庭”主题。 奥林匹克标志最早是根据19xx年顾拜旦的提议设计的,起初国际奥委会采用蓝、黄、黑、绿、红色作为五环的颜色,是因为它能代表当时国际奥委会成员国国旗的颜色。19xx年在巴黎召开的庆祝奥运会复兴20周年的奥林匹克全会上,顾拜旦先生解释了他对标志的设计思想:“五环———蓝、黄、绿、红和黑环,象征世界上承认奥林匹克运动,并准备参加奥林匹克竞赛的五大洲第六种颜色白色———旗帜的底色,意指所有国家都毫无例外地能在自己的旗帜下参加比赛。”因此,作为奥运会象征、相互环扣一起的5个圆环,便体现了顾拜旦提出的可以吸收殖民地民族参加奥运会,为各民族间的和平事业服务的思想。

奥运五环的颜色:蓝、黄、黑、绿和红色开始成为五大洲的象征,随着时间的推移和奥林匹克运动的发展变化,对奥林匹克标志的阐释也出现了变化。根据19xx年的最新版的《奥林匹克宪章》“奥林匹克标志”词条的附则补充解释,奥林匹克旗和五环的含义,不仅象征五大洲的团结,而且强调所有参赛运动员应以公正、坦诚的运动员精神在比赛场上相见。 奥运会五环旗的含义 : 在每届奥林匹克运动会开幕时,运动场中间都要高高地悬挂一面奥林匹克旗帜,这面白色无边旗中间有五个圆环组成的图案。这是根据现代奥林匹克运动会创始人皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦男爵的建议和构思制作的。

奥林匹克旗帜五个不同颜色的圆环(天蓝色代表欧洲,黄色代表亚洲,黑色代表非洲,草绿色代表澳洲,红色代表美洲)连接在一起象征五大洲的团结,象征全世界的运动员以公正、坦率的比赛和友好的精神在奥林匹克运动会上友好相见,欢聚一堂,以促进奥林匹克运动的发展。

 

第二篇:奥林匹克篇改

奥林匹克篇

奥林匹克精神- the Olympic spirit requires mutual understanding with a spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair play.

奥林匹克精神:相互了解,友谊,团结和公平竞争

奥林匹克格言——Citius, Altius, Fortius,

Faster(Swifter), Higher, Stronger

芬兰Citius,Altius,Fortius,

更快,更高,(更强)

奥林匹克信条——Olympic Creed

“The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph, but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered, but to have fought well”

在奥林匹克中最重要的事情不是取胜而是参与,正如生活中最重要的不是胜利,而是奋斗。重要的不是打客服,而是打的不错。

网球的规则 Draw 抽签

The process by which matches are arranged and scheduled for a tournament. Generally, seeded players are given byes or scheduled before the draw, and names of the other entrants are then randomly selected to determine match-ups and order of play.

Seed 种子

Before a tournament, certain players are ranked, based on their ability and recent performances. The process is called “seeding”, the rankings are called “seeds”, and the top-ranked player is called “the top seed”. Matches are then arranged so that the top-seeded players will not meet until the later rounds of the tournament. Bye 轮空

The right to advance to the next round of a tournament without playing a match. Top-seeded players are often given byes in the first round.

Wild card 外卡

A special “invitation” given to players ,regardless of ranking, to compete in a tournament. Often given to top players who have missed the entry deadline and young players who have demonstrated outstanding potential.

Open tournament 公开赛

In the early days of tennis, clubs held two types of tournament: “closed”, to which only club members were admitted, and “open”, which non-members could also enter. With the advent of professionalism, “open” came to mean a tournament that could be entered by amateurs and professional alike. Today, all major tournaments are open.

网球

满贯

网球裁判有哪些

四大

一场正规的网球比赛中有12名裁判: 一名主裁判,一名副裁判,4名边裁,2个底线裁判,2个发球中线裁判,2个发球线裁判,另外还有六个球童。除主裁判以外,场上所有裁判和球童每小时换一次,确保他们得以休息,准确裁决。 主裁判 Tennis referee

副裁判 Tennis deputy referees 边裁 Tennis linesman

底线裁判 Bottom line tennis referee

发球线裁判 Tennis half-way between the referee

奥林匹克篇改

发球中线裁判 Tennis center line for the referee

发球区中线 His tennis court Central Line

球童 The tennis ball boy

电子裁判 Tennis electronic referee

排球的规则

发球: serve 救球 dig 拦网 block 一传 pass 二传 set 扣球 spike

Setter — the second passer whose job is to position a pass to the hitter.

Libero — a substitute defensive player especially adept at digging.

Antenna 标志杆 Vertical poles attached to the outside edge of the net, that extend 80 centimeters above the net and delineate where the ball has to crass the net. The antemma is considered part of the net and is out of bounds.

Attack line (three meters line) 进攻线

A line 3 meters from, and parallel to, the net. A back-row player cannot legally attack the ball above the net unless he takes off on his jump from behind this line.

排球比赛中每方六个队员,每个人都是有自己位置的,从1号位到6号位(以前没有自由人)。2到4号在前排,其余在后排。前排与后排以三米线来区分。进攻时位置在后排的队员不许在三米线上或前面起跳扣球,否则犯规。从三米线后起跳扣球就是后排进攻了。

Crossing space 过网区

The zone above the net and between two antennae through which the ball must pass during a rally.

Center line

End line

Side line

Front zone

Area abound the court (free zone ) 无障碍区

The free zone surrounds the court with a recommended minimum width of 3 meters.

Service zone 发球区

The service zone is a 9 meters wide area behind each end line, it is laterally limited by two short lines, each 15cm long, drawn 20 cm behind the end line as an extension of the sidelines. Both short lines are included in the width of the service zone. In depth , the service zone extends to the end of the free zone.

发球区宽9米,位置在端线后(不包括端线)。两条端线后各画一条长15厘米、垂直并距离端线20厘米的短线,两条短线之间的区域为发球区,短线宽度包括在发球区之内。发球区的深度延至无障碍区的终端。

Ready position --- The flexed, yet comfortable posture a player assumes before moving to the point of contact.

Forearm Pass – sometimes referred to as the “bump” or “dig”. Join your arms from the elbows to the wrists and strike the ball with the fleshy part of your forearms in an underhand motion. Introduced in the late 1940’s as a desperation play, the forearm pass is now rated by many as the most important fundamentals in volleyball.

Overhand pass--- a pass with both hands open, and controlled by the fingers with the face below the ball. A ball-handling skill using both hands simultaneously to contact the ball above the head and direct it to the intended target.

Spike—also hit or attack. A ball contacted with force by a player on the offensive team who intend to terminate the ball on the opponent’s floor or off the opponent’s blocker.

Block --- a defensive player by one or more front row players meant to intercept a spiked ball. The combination of one, two or three players jumping in front of the opposing spiker and contacting the spiked ball with the hands.

Team starting line-up

There must always be six players per team in play. The team’s starting line-up, i.e. the players’ serving order, indicates the rotational order of the players on the court. This order must be maintained throughout the set.

Attacker – also hitter or spiker. A player who attempts to hit a ball offensively with the purpose of terminating play in his or her team’s favor.

Main attacker, ace spiker

Second spike, side player

排球翻译

There are normally three outside hitters on the court who function as the primary passers and are among the top defensive players. They hit the ball from the left or right side of the court, including the back row and are essential to an effective offence.

The serve can be made from anywhere behind the end line, although players can land inside the

court if jumping to serve.

得一分:

成功地让球接触到对方的场地

或是对手失误

或是对手受到处罚。

赢得一局:

先赢得25分并至少领先两分时赢得一局(决胜局,第五局除外)。如出现24平,比赛继续直到一方领先2分。

赢得比赛:

先赢得3局的队伍获得比赛胜利。如出现2平决胜的第五局采用15分制,也要至少领先两分。

Scores a point:

-by successfully grounding the ball on the opponent’s playing court;

-when the opponent team commits a fault

-when the opponent team receives a penalty

Win a set:

A set (except the deciding, 5th set) is won by the team which firt scores 25 points with a minimum lead of two points. In the case of 24-24 tie, play is continued until a two point lead is achieved.

Win a match:

The match is won by the team that wins three sets. In the case of a 2-2 tie, the deciding set (the 5th)is played to 15 points with a minimum lead of 2 points.

篮球:

(slam) dunk:(强力)灌篮

bank shot:擦板球

double pump:拉杆式投篮

fade-away shot:后仰式跳投

hook shot:钩射投篮

jump shot:跳投

layup:带球上篮

perimeter shot:中距离投篮

set shot:立定投篮

three-point shot:三分球

assist:助功

block shot:阻攻,盖火锅儿

defensive rebound:防守篮板球

field goal percentage:投球命中率

field goal:投球命中

free throw percentage:罚球命中率

free throw:罚球

offensive rebound:进攻篮板球

rebound:篮板球

scoring:得分

steal:抄截/抢断

three-point shot percentage:三分球命中率

turnover:失误

backboard:篮板

back court:后场

freethrow lane:罚球圈,禁区

freethrow line:罚球线

front court:前场

game clock:比赛用时钟

halftime:中场休息时间

hoop:篮框,篮圈

mid-court:中场

net:篮网

painted area:罚球圈,禁区

restricted area near the basket:禁区内篮框下的小圆圈区域

rim:篮框,篮圈

scoring table:记录台,记分台

shot clock:时限钟(进攻方在24秒内必须投篮,并且球必须触及篮框,否则即 违例)

three-point line:三分(球)线

top of the circle:靠近禁区顶端之三分(球)线附近

wing:(左、右两边)底线区域

blocking foul:阻挡犯规

charging foul:(带球)撞人(犯规)

defensive basket interference:防守方干扰投篮得分

delay of game:阻碍比赛之正常进行

disqualification:犯满离场,"毕业"

ejection:驱逐出场

expiration (of game, first half…):全场比赛

first half:上半场

first (second, third, fourth) period:比赛的第一(第二,第三,第四)节

flagrant foul:恶性犯规

foul:犯规

foul trouble:快要犯满离场,"领到一张准毕业证书"

held ball:持球(双方均持球不放)

illegal defense:防守违例

illegal offense:进攻违例(见isolation)

isolation:四位进攻球员在一边,而由第五位球员单吃对方防守球员

jump ball:争球,跳球

out of bound:球出界线(千万不要说outside)

overtime:加时赛,延长赛

referee:裁判

second half:下半场

shot clock violation:违反24秒内必须投篮(并且球必须触及篮框)时限之规定 substitute:换人(上场、下场)

technical foul:技术犯规

three-second violation:(篮下)3秒钟之违例

throw in:发球入场

traveling:(带球)走步 walking:(带球)走步

动作篇

(throw a) baseball pass:(快攻时)长传

behind-the-back dribble:背后(换手)运球

cross-leg dribble:胯下运球

dribble:运球

driving to the hoop:带球上篮

four-point play:投进3分球后因被犯规再罚进一分

hacking:打手犯规 holding:拉手犯规

make the basket:投篮得分 make the hoop:投篮得分

nothing but the net/swish:空心球(入篮)

shoot behind the arc:投三分球

score a basket:投篮得分 three-point play:投进2分球后因被犯规再罚进一分

球队球员篇

backcourt:后卫组(包括控球后卫及得分后卫)

backup:后备(替换,支持)球员

bench:(指全体)后备(替换,支持)球员

center中锋(又称5号位置球员)

coach:教练

frontline:锋线(包括大前锋,小前锋,中锋)

MVP:最有价值球员

one-guard:控球后卫

point guard:控球后卫

power forward:大前锋(又称4号位置球员)

rookie:第二年球员,菜鸟(球员)

shooting guard:得分后卫

sixth man:第六人

small forward:小前锋(又称3号位置球员)

starter:(指个人)先发球员

starting lineup:(指全体)先发球员

比赛篇

away game:客场比赛 home game:主场比赛

final:总决赛

first round:首轮比赛

guest team:客队 home team:主队 home court:主场

home court advantage:主场优势

losing streak:连败场数,连败纪录

post season:季后赛

赛事: NBA(National Basketball Association)

世界篮球锦标赛:Basketball World Cup

NCAA:National Collegiate Athletic Association

1.In a basketball game, teams constantly trade possession of the ball. At any given movement, the offense is the team that has the ball, and the defense is the team without the ball. For the offensive team, its success depends on its members playing together. On offense, only one player handles the ball at a time, but the other players are always moving and positioning themselves to try to create scoring opportunities, either for the ball handler for themselves.

翻译:在篮球比赛中,两支队伍不断地交换持球权。在任何一场比赛中,进攻方拥有持球权,而防守方没有持球权。对于进攻的一方,他们的胜利取决于队员们一起的表现。每次进攻时,只有一个运动员持球,其他队友通过不断移动自己的位置试着为持球者或者自己创造得分机会。

2.Play big

Bigger players can force their way closer to the basket, creating shorter shots for themselves and opening up space for the guards on the perimeter to hit jump shots. Playing big also gives a team an advantage in rebounding, the disadvantage of playing big is that smaller, quicker opponents may use their speed to play a fast-break game.

翻译:大块头的运动员。大块头的运动员们能强势往前冲使自己更靠近篮板,为他们自己创造更近的(篮下的)投篮得分机会,在禁区内为防守队员打开空间创造跳投得分的机会。大块头的队友也给自己队伍的篮板球带来很大的优势,但是他们的劣势在于对方小个子、速度快的队员会利用他们的速度打出快攻。

3.A team’s three-point game certainly depends on having excellent shooter, but it also depends on players setting good, solid screens that get shooters open and on players using the wings of the court(and thus forcing the defense to cover more area) . It also depends on having a strong inside game that prevents the defense from concentrating too much on the outside shooters.

翻译:一个队伍的三分球命中率一定是取决于他们拥有一个杰出的投手,但同时也取决于队友形成的良好的、坚固的掩护来让投手有更广阔的发挥空间(因此迫使对方防守队员不得不把防守面积覆盖的更大)。这也要依靠有一个强大的内线来牵扯对面的防守队员的精力,使他们不能投入更多到外线的投手身上。

4.Blocking out and rebounding are keys for a successful offense, because the team gains second or third opportunities to score on missed shots. However, blocking out and rebounding are generally more difficult for the offensive team than for the defensive team, because the defenders are usually playing closer to the basket than the offensive players.

翻译:外线阻挡和篮板球是一次成功防守的关键,因为第一次投失球的队伍能有第二次、第三次机会去投进。但是,外线阻挡和篮板通常对于进攻的一方来说通常更难,因为防守的一

方通常离篮板更近一些。

5. An important element of man-to-man defense is matching up properly, so that players defend opponents who play the same position and are roughly the same size and skill level. The defense thus ensures that the offense does not create mismatches.

翻译:在一对一的防守中,有一点至关重要,就是要尽可能的匹配(协调),也就是说运动员与对面的防守队员要在相同的位置上,并且有着差不多的体型和球技。这样的防守就保证了在进攻中不会出现不匹配的现象。

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