pursue pursue a career in politics.

pursue their own interests

distant education

legislation criminal offence offender罪犯

travel over seas travel abroad

破坏性的devastating devastate

regular exercise participating in sports frequently doing exercise regularly increase one’s self-confidence boost confidence maintain a healthy state of mind the elderly the youth the old the young

have a adverse impact on

have a serious negative impact on

have a positive/beneficial effect on

relying heavily excessive reliance过度的依赖

is likely to

arithmetic算数 mental arithmetic心算

male-dominated world male-dominated profession

seek/ find employment hunt a job face barriers to top-level promotion face=encounter

break through any kind of glass ceiling限制某些人口群体晋升到高级职位的障碍。

women may encounter a glass ceiling that prevent them from easily being promoted are unwilling to are not willing to 执行法规enforce regulations implement /'?mpl?m(?)nt/ the law

制定法律enact laws formulate a policy / plan / strategy an effective method to the focus of public concern

tackle these problem find cures to the situation cope with take effective measures

intractable /?n'tr?kt?b(?)l/ problems cut

make an effort to make every effort to be dedicated to doing专注的,献身的 be devoted to

screen time

句子：thereby从而：

Parents and teachers should make an effort to limit children's screen time, thereby protecting children's eyesight and encourage them to do more out-door activities. among core subject areas

占有一席之地：deserve a place in 美音 /k?'r?kj?l?m/ 英音 /k?'r?kj?l?m/

add spice to life

句子：………..,for…..(表示原因)

is responsible for

rural areas

cause high unemployment

government funding

The lack of infrastructure and government funding in rural areas is the main cause of unemployment, which can be addressed partially by the rural-to-urban shift.

provide funds / grants for government grants

cause high unemployment

ural areas cause high unemployment

a climbing unemployment rate

balk畏缩，犹豫: Many people wouldsetting up a new business during a recession

commit sth to sth投入〔钱、时间、人力等〕A lot of money has been committed to this project. provide subsidise for receive a subsidy for美音 /'s?bs?di/ 英音 /'s?bs?d?/ n.补助金,津贴

should be supported by the government

Economic slowdown has led to because employers 企业的日常管理费用

has led to as people starting up new businesses and a number of the uncertainty of the economic outlook,

a considerable number of

high- rise building

eyesores of the city

需要，relies on a supply of

老年化社会 aging society labor force劳动力 labor market

increase / reduce / add to sb's workload

have adequate time to

physical fitness fitness健康

it’s customary for sb to do the custom of doing sth

it is the custom (for sb) to do sth

It is the custom in that country for women to marry young XXXX is a tradition in china exchange lavish gifts inexpensive gift

at night self-study give way to

air freight create numerous greenhouse gases

preserve biodiversity in coming decades the loss of diversity impropriety propriety /pr?'pra??t?/

the children who are exposed to abuse or neglect are likely to

constitutes the main reason for

rapid population expansion

产生威胁 pose a threat to heritage sites

不知道怎么办 have no idea whether to protect or demolish these constructions the huge accumulation of waste, take decades to degrade分解，降解

neglect ignore enrich our social lifes

做事很困难 they find it difficult to make it difficult to

委托事项

stiff punishment / sentence / penalty(罚款，处罚) / fine（罚金）

calls for stiffer penalties for XXX罪行

stiff competition / opposition Graduates face stiff competition in getting jobs

?The development plans have met with stiff opposition

有人建议 it is suggest that

句子 as 可以引导原因

offenders are fearful of crime wave 23投资 the investment in space technology ○

the commercialization of technology bring economic opportunities

improve life standards living conditions

24 expenditure and income have problems in breaking even ○

need government funds

be in dire straits (尤指经济拮据引起的)困境,境况窘迫 be in a dire state

句子：除非 unless XXX, XX will experiences (n,v) a profound change be remain in the scaring unemployment rate 免费学费 ： free tertiary education receive a college education

使成可能：make it possible from less well-off(富裕的) backgrounds

equal access to XXX

young people without tertiary education qualification normally working in 句子：句子,thereby(因此) +动名

improve land productivity

intensive farming pose a threat to

sustainable development sustain the environment

nature flora(某一地区或时期的植物总称) /'fl?r?/

prove physical conditions PE class

句子：while XXXX is highly valued, we should not lose sight of

historical relics should preserved historical significance

be designed to

a sense of accomplishment promote/improve their well-being local authorities

保证： ensure equal access to

整个作定语 ,a problem found among disadvantaged children

racial stereotype discrimination 句子：逗号后，although可以用于拓展句子

是一个财富： is an asset for enterprises and countries

disapprove of genetically modified/designed food

Some people disapprove of genetically modified food, as they believe that this type of food does more harm than good.

1：as 后面加原因 2 坏处比好处多：do more harm than good.

commuting time has been prolonged

tourist spots endeavor v.尝试, 努力n.努力, 尽力

cater for sb / sth cater to sb / sth Vegetarians are well catered for

tourist spots endeavor to cater for tourists’ tastes and needs community services acquire transferable skills when they are released give them a flying start give priority to lay importance on put emphasis on social welfare(福利) health care医疗保健 infrastructure

句子：开始讨论一个话题：when it comes to distribution of public fund (第二页中上有相关) a highly competitive society. 使：可以用：help allow cope with stress

感知，认知： perceptions of beauty differs from culture to culture

超越国界： transcend national boundaries environmental protection campaigns 抑制创造力： stifle 英音 /'sta?f(?)l/ people’s creativity regulation

归因于：be attributed to environmental degradation英音 /,degr?'de??(?)n/ 退化，恶化

apartment blocks solve overcrowding make the most of ɑ?dj??s 费劲的

learning times table乘法表 死记硬背) ?m?r?s?/计算能力 basic needs

economically deprived communities large city

句子：讲诉手段的作用的时候：XXXX, and by doing this,

maintain preserve be prone to do sth prone to act up（发作）

Because of globalisation, people need to work with those from diverse backgrounds take postgraduate courses. nd by doing this,

无关：there is no clear link between A and B grouping student by ability

their levels of attainment community will enhanced /k?(?)'hi??(?)n/ volunteer work

with a increasing number of the health effect of genetically designed/modified food remain unclear remain yet to known is thought/believed/identified / ?????????;?????????? /

the quality of teaching students’ academic performance 句子：因此：and therefore prestigious英音 /pre'st?d??s/ school

drunk driving=drink driving legislation criminal offence offender have become a normal part of everyday life

rural areas escape pressure and noises of modern life

句子：做状语：XXXX有啥好处 ,providing sb with opportunities to XXXX

in the consumer society consumer/consumption society

on longer have necessities daily necessities

literacy skills varies across ages have mixed feeling on sth ’ suffering /sen'se???n?la?z/

ignore harmful consequences unhealthy lifestyle

句子：despite the fact that in spite of

make their lives convenient and improved their lives significantly

low-cost carriers(便宜的运费) aviation industry descend verb

has developed an astounding /?'sta?nd??/(令人震惊的) pace over the decades vt.诱惑,引诱,吸引,使感兴趣,考验,试探 extinction of some species

animal experiment /?k'sper?m(?)nt

encourage connections between neighbours and form strong community ties

formulate a new policy that can ensure ...., which should be implemented effectively.

eye-strain near-sightedness respiratory disease

respiratory disease and even lung cancer

which can impair people's health and lead to some health problems, namely respirotary diseases and even lung cancer

Animal experiments sometimes fail to detect the undesirable side effects of drugs. is part of our effort to exhaust fumes尾气 conventional cars