上册两篇

Unit Two

Text A Recession-proofing your career

In the text, Dr. Barbara Moses describes a new career development paradigm for today’s employees, that is, guaranteed jobs have already become history and it’s high time to engage in a lifelong, self-monitored process which can help to promote and prepare oneself for a change, esp. during periods of recession. She then suggests some skills which are indispensable when responding to new work trends. She recommends discovering both your overt and covert talents, making sure a wide range of positions are available to you, and never committing to any “hot job” which exceeds either your interest or talent. Moreover, being skilled or qualified is not the only criteria. You must be able to “market” yourself, to convince the employer that you are the most suitable candidate for the job, for which purpose you have to establish a social network that can help you make your career decisions “both inside and outside of your professions.” Always follow work trends. Finally, psychological elements are also important, so never let yourself down and find a balance between the ambitious Type A and more relaxed Type B. In a word, don't be under the misconception that your job is always secure and if you work hard you’ll surely get a good job. You must be fully responsible for the future prospects of your chosen career.

Unit Three

Text A Lies People usually have very negative views regarding lies. Liars are frequently criticized, even cursed. Yet this passage exemplifies a different perspective, one which cruelly reveals the fact that everyone tells lies and that lies are indispensable for happiness, perhaps even our very survival. According to the author, lies are consoling elements that can soothe dying patients and help consolidate the requirements of a society. Lies make us feel superior to other species and disguise our mortal doom. Religions abound with myths and tales, which are basically lies that provide human beings with a sense of safety. People need big lies, though they are occasionally taken advantage of, because lying disguises our mortality, our inadequacies, our fears and anxieties, our loneliness in the midst of the crowd.

下册四篇

Unit One

1.“The End of Something", by Ernest Hemingway, is a short story about two young people who witness how time can change the world and the people in it. Hemingway uses this story to convey how this change happens all the time, and however desperately you cling to the "present", the present only lasts for that one, fleeting moment you realize it is there, then it is gone, past, and it can never be present again.

To understand this message, one must look at the way Hemingway writes this story, how he uses the broken mill, the fish's not striking, and the characters in themselves to tell us a story far beyond what we read.

The broken mill represents Nick and Marjorie's broken relationship.As Nick and Marjorie now row along the shore, they troll for fish, but they do not get any.

In this way, Hemingway, as third-person narrator, uses the characters to make his point, as each of them represents either past, present, or future.

Unit 2 Text A

Main idea of the text:

The author began the essay by telling the experience of waking in the morning and finding him practically ignorant of anything. The author felt pitiable yet not necessarily so depressed about his current store of knowledge after many years of costly education：Apart from the immediate personal experiences, he has a limited range of knowledge and the inadequate understanding of the major phenomena of the world. And the reasons may be that ignorance seems to do him no harm in his daily life, and his inadequate memory of knowledge may deceive him and even cause severe mistakes of misquoting. However, it suddenly occurred to him when he has gone his way serene and happy, he may be the only one who is ignorant, for anyone may harbor the same psychology of remaining to be a happy ignorant person.

Unit 4 Text A

Introductory Remarks

“Opportunity is the crux of the American ideal.” People in the American society used to think that with hardwork and self-determination, they are sure to succeed and realize their dreams. But in recent years the traditional doctrine of “American dream” is seriously challenged, esp. with regard to the economic development.

Clive Crook holds that in spite of new immigrants, America is already a middle-aged country, and pessimistic spirit has come to dominate the national consciousness. Most important of all, the economic mobility in America is getting lower and lower as compared to any other western country. The idea of the “American Dream” is starting to fade since rich children stay rich whereas poor children still stay poor. And the real focus of any effort to restore economic opportunity is to get out of poverty, and to this end one effective way may be to improve education, which will definitely have a great effect on economic mobility across generations.

Unit 5 Text A

Introductory remarks

It is probably safe to say that every language has a pair of words expressing good and evil. But what really is good, and what really is evil? Believers in the duality of “good versus evil” would say evil cannot exist without good, nor good without evil, as they are both objective states and opposite ends of the same scale.

As boys and girls, we were taught to do good, not evil. There are relatively few ways to do good, but there are countless ways to do evil.

To prevent evil, the author of this article argues, we must first know what is truly “evil”, for there can be no genuine understanding of goodness in human behavior unless we also understand evil. Beginning with the recognition that neither good nor evil exist outside the human personality, the author distinguishes creative and destructive potentials, and then finds social forces that may activate destructive potentials. With such what’s about evil, the author concludes the text by offering some hows as to teaching our children.

 

第二篇：复盘 summary

20xx年x月x日星期六

复盘

--陈中

复盘这本书是我工作的老总推荐我们看的。其实是一本类似成功学的书籍，告诉读者一种自我修炼升华的思考方法。总的来说，就是做事情后要复盘，像做股票一样。

其中有几个点，是我非常喜欢的，记下来分享一下。

第一，作者亲身经历了一个事情：“有一天，我正在路上走着，迎面过来一个十一二岁的小男孩，他先做了一番自我介绍，然后问我要不要买几张周六晚年度童子军杂技表演的票，5块钱一张。我对这种事情向来没什么兴趣，因此婉言拒绝了。‘哦，既然你不想买杂技表演的票，’他说，‘那要不要几块我们的大巧克力？只要一块钱一块哟。’我买了两块。同时立刻意识到事情有点不对劲，因为：1.我不喜欢巧克力。2.我不喜欢随便乱花钱。3.我站在那里，拿着两块男孩给我的巧克力。4.他拿着我的两块钱走掉了。”

其实这是一个互惠原理淋漓精致的体现。广义的讲，就是如果一个人对我们采取了某种行为，我们应该以类似的行为去回报。故事中，小男孩做出让步，不要求“我”买票，因此我的潜意识认为应该也做出让步---买相对便宜的巧克力，虽然“我”不需要。这点可以被应用到营销手段中，要注意是几点：一，男孩有付出：自我介绍，意图公益（童子军在国外是非营利机构）。第二，第一次的请求不能太不合理，第二次退让的措施要相对第一次略轻微。

这个互惠原理和复盘并没有直接联系，但是个非常有意思的达到目的方法。

第二，复盘有三个场---信息场（当时发生的时间地点人物经过结果），思维场和情绪场。我个人认为第二个思维场是最最重要的。思维场主要围绕“我当时是怎么想的？”这个问题展开，回忆当时人的所做所为背后真实的原因。有时，人会忽略自己的理性，靠直觉去做，如果得出的结果不如意，那么好好复盘当时自己内心的逻辑、心里所想，然后告诉自己应该怎么想，这样就可以达到找出错因，避免下次再犯，提高自我的目的了。同时，我觉得这点重要的原因还有，事情发生的客观因素是不能改变的，但是自己的主观判断却是可以练习的，知错能改，在下次遇到类似经历的时候，就可以回忆起上次的训练，从而在第一时间改变自己的判断和作为。举例来说，我之前听说过一个训练班，是专门帮助人练习在摔倒的时候如何自护的，其实很简单，就是锻炼人倒下，然后手和脚的一个反应。没有做过这个训练的人，在摔倒的时候，只能条件反射的手脚慌乱，乱抓东西。但经过训练，摔跤的时候，人会直觉性的做出对身体最好的反应，从而保护自己。这个训练和刚才讲的那个思维训练是异曲同工的，通过训练，复盘，让下次的自己做出直觉性的迅速正确反馈。

第三，复盘的顺序共四步，其中第一步：回顾目标。里面提到目标的可视化。把自己想要做的事情写下来，放出来，每天有意无意都能看到，就像第二点说的那样，不断强化自己的潜意识，以形成自己做任何事情的时候，都是以目标为前提去做的。---‘如果你知道去哪，整个世界都会为你让步。’这也是我相信的一点。

最后，我非常喜欢这个方法，因为自己用过，马上见效了。公司每周要求写周报告，其中一项是自我的不足之处和改进方法，我第一周随意写的，电脑第二周仔细思考了下，即简单的复盘，发现虽然工作很认真，但是时间安排上不够有效，就写了下来。第三周开始的时候，我每每会想起自己写过的这个点，就会对当日的计划稍作改变，最重要的是不纠结在弄不出的地方，把重要的事情先做。后来，工作的效率明显上提。