定语从句总结
一:概念:
1. 定语从句
2. 先行词
3. 关系词及作用
二:关系词的分类
(1) 关系代词:
指人:1)who/that,在从句中做主语或宾语,做主语不能省略,做宾语时能省略。
eg:The teacher who/that spoke at
the meeting just now is Mr.Lee
2)whom,在从句中只能做宾语。其前没有介词时,可用who/that代替,也可省略。
Eg:The girl( whom/who/that) I met at the party is Susan.
3) whose,在从句中做定语,不可省略。
Eg:The boy whose father is a doctor is my deskmate.
指物:1)that/which,在从句中做主语时不
能省略,做宾语时可以省略。其前有
介词时只能用which .
2)whose,在从句中做定语,不可省略。
Eg:I live in a room whose window faces to the south.
三:关系词的选择
1. 当关系代词定语从句中做主语、宾语时,指人用that/who/whom,指物用that/which.
2. 当关系代词定语从句中做定语时,指人、指物都用whose.
3. 当关系代副词定语从句中做时间状语时,用when;当关系代副词定语从句中做地点状语时,用where; 当关系代副词定语从句中做原因状语时,用why. 四:注意事项
1. 在定语从句中,如果关系代词作主语,谓语动词的形式由先行词决定。
2. 在定语从句中,介词放在关系代词前,关系代词只能用which/whom 五:只用that的情况
1. 当先行词是不定代词
all/something/much/little/none等时。
Eg:You should hand in all that you have.
2. 当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级,或被这两类词修饰时。
Eg:This is the best way that has been used against pollution.
3. 当先行词被the only/very/any/few等修饰时。 Eg:The only thing that you can do is to clean the blackboard.
4. 当先行词既指人,又指物时。
Eg:The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
5. 当主句的主语是疑问词时。
Eg:Who is the boy that won the gold medal?
6. 在There be 结构中,主语是物,从句只能用That引导
定语从句总结专练
一、如何选择引导词?
1. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. A. which B. who C. where D. whom
2. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _____ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. A. which B. who C. where D. what
3. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ______ help I would never have got this far.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. which
4. Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
5. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks.
A. when B. which C. where D. while
二、注意点:
1) 只用that不用which的情况
1. All _________glitters is not gold. 2. He told me everything _________that he knew.
3. It is the very novel _________ I have ever read.
4. Australia is the only country _________t is also a continent.
5. This is the most interesting film _________that I’ve ever seen.
6. Do you know the things and persons_________ they are talking about?
7. Which is the bike _______you lost? 8. Shandong is no longer the province ________ it used to be. 2) 定语从句中which与as的比较
1. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, ________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood. A.where B.which C.what D.when
2. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 20xx, ________ made one of the Chinese people's long-held dreams come true. A.it B.that C.what D.which
3. There is no simple answer, ________ is often the case in science.
A.as B.that C.when D.where
4. We have launched another man-made satellite, ________ is announced in today's newspaper.
A.that B.which C.who D.what
3)定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的比较
1. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ________ they live.
A.what B.which C.when D.where
2. That evening, ________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.
A.that B.which C.what D.when
①This is the factory __________ I worked last year. This is the factory __________I visited last year. ②I will never forget the day __________ I worked with them.
I will never forget the day I spent with them.
③This is the reason __________ he was absent from school.
This is the reason he explained for his absence from school.
4) “介词+定语从句”中介词的选择及其后关系词的选择
1. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ____had taken more than three years.
A.for which B.with which C.of which D.to which
2. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ________ help I would never have got this far.
A.who B.whose C.whom D.which
3. Gun control is a subject________Americans have argued for a long time.
A.of which B.with which C.about which D.into which
5)定语从句与强调句的比较
1. It was with the help of the local guide ________ the mountain climber was rescued.
A.who B.that C.when D.how
2. —_______that he picked up French?
—It was in 20xx_______he traveled in France.
A. Was it when; that B. When was it; that C. Was it when; when D. When was it; when
3. It was in the garden of his old house ______ he grew up ______ he dug up a pot of gold.
A. that; that B. where; where C. that; where D. where; that
6) 定语从句与并列句的比较
1. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ________ are family members.
A.them B.that C.which D.whom
2. She brought with her three friends, none of _________I had ever met before.(定语从句)
3. She brought with her three friends, and none of _________ I had ever met before.(并列句)
7)定语从句与同位语从句的比较
1. The notice came around two in the afternoon________ the meeting would be postponed.
A.when B.that C.whether D.how
2. We all have heard the news ___________our team won. (同位语从句)
3. We don’t believe the news ____________he told us yesterday. (定语从句)
8)定语从句与状语从句的比较
1. Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected.
A.when B.which C.whose D.where
2. Everything was placed exactly ________ he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.
A.while B.when C.where D.though
3.Please make a mark __________you don't understand while reading.(状语从句)
4. Please make a mark in the place _________you don't understand while reading. (定语从句)错题回做:
1.The doctor was very impolite to the patient, _______ of course, made things even worse.
A. who B. which C. whom D. What
2.The reason _____he gave for being late was____he overslept this morning.
A.why;that B.which;that C.why; because D.which;because
3.The Great Pyramid is such a famous place of interest in the world, ________was built in ancient times in Egypt,________ every tourist likes to visit.
A.which;that B.which;as C.as;which D.that;which
4.This is Mr. Smith,_____ I think has something interesting to tell us. A. who B. whom C. that D. /
5.—Have you ever seen the TV programme Dad, Where Are We Going?
—Yes. It’s the best programme______ I have seen in the past few months.
A.which B. where C. when D. That
6.Who can think of a situation _____ this idiom can be used. A. which B. that C. where D. in that
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