高中英语从句总结

1)主语从句

1.定义:用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。

2.构成:关联词+简单句

3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类:

(1)从属连词that.如:That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.

很明显,她们确是亲姐妹,她们的脸型很相似。

(2)从属连词whether.如:

Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。

(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever

连接副词 where,when,how,why.如:

What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。

How this happened is not clear to anyone.这事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。

Whoever comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。

Wherever you are is my home —— my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家——我唯一的家。 解释: 1.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有: A.It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句。如:

It is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。

It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了。

B.It+be+名词词组(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that从句。如: It’s a pity that we can’t go.很遗憾我们不能去。

It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game.我们没赢这场比赛真意外。

C.It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句。如:

It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。

It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.

据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。

D.It+seem,happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如:

It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.Alice似乎不来参加晚会。

It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。

E.It+doesn’t matter(makes no difference,etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如: It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.她是否来这无关紧要。

It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别。

F.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。如: Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗?

Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗?

G.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。如: How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪! 2.注意连接代词whoever,whatever,whichever等引导主语从句的含义。 Whoever comes will be welcome.(whoever=the person who)来的人将受到欢迎。

Whatever he did was right.(whatever=the thing that)他所做的事情是正确的。

Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize.(whichever=anyone of you who)你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖

2)表语从句

1.定义:用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。

2.构成:关联词+简单句

3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类:

(1)从属连词that.如:

The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。

(2)从属连词whether,as,as if.如:

He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。

The question is whether they will be able to help us.问题是他们是否能帮我们。

注:从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句,但as if却可引导表语从句,如:

All this was over twenty years ago,but it’s as if it was only yesterday.

这都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一样。

能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be,seem,look等。如:

It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。 (3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever 连接副词 where,when,how,why. 如:The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。

The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。

That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。

解释:

1.连词because可引导表语从句。如:

I think it is because you are doing too much.我想这是因为你做得太多。

2.在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示,should可省略。如:

My suggestion is that we (should)start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。 3)宾语从句 1.定义:用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 2.构成:关联词+简单句。

3.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类:

(1)从属连词that.如:

He told us that he felt ill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。

I know he has returned.我知道他已经回来了。

注: that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下,that不能省略。

1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在and的后面时,that不能省略。)

大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。

2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。)

对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。 3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.(that从句位于句首时,that不可省略。) 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。 4.We decided,in view of his special circumstances,that we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语,that不可省略。)

鉴于他的特殊情况,我们决定应允他一段试用期。

(2)从属连词if/whether.如:

I doubt whether he will succeed.我怀疑他是否会成功。

I don’t know if you can help me.我不知道你能否帮助我。

(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever

连接副词 where,when,how,why.

如:

Who or what he was,Martin never learned.

他是什么人?他是干什么的?马丁根本不知道。

I wonder what he’s writing to me about.我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。

I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.我会告诉你我为什么要你来。

You may do what you will.你可做任何你想做的事。

(1)介词宾语从句

宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如:

He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.

他对那天发生的事感到很不快。

I walked over to where she sat.我走向她坐的地方。

I am curious as to what he will say.我很想知道他要说什么。

Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.

你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。

有时介词可以省略。如:

I don’t care (for)who marries him.我不管谁跟他结婚。

Be careful (as to)how you do that.你要注意做这件事的方式。

解释:

1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。如:

We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.

我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。

He has made it clear that he will not give in.

他已表明他不会屈服。

2.作介词的宾语:连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在except,but,in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导,则需用it先行一步,作形式宾语。如:

He is a good student except that he is careless.

他是一个好学生,只是有点粗心。

You may rely on it that I shall help you.你可以指望我会帮助你的。

介词宾语不可以用which来引导,而要用what来引导。如:

Are you sorry for what you’ve done?

你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗?

3.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,这类形容词或过去分词有sure,glad,certain,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied等,连词that可省略。如:

I am not sure what I ought to do.

我不能确定我该做什么。

I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said. 恐怕你没领会我说的意思。 I’m surprised that I didn’t see all that before. 我好奇怪,我以前没看到过。

Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.

妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。

4.连词whether (?or not)或if引导的宾语从句

if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用,但whether常和or not连用,if一般不与or not连用。如:

I wonder whether it is true or not.我不知它是真是假。

用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义,应避免使用if而用wheter.试比较:

Please let me know if you want to go.

Please let me know whether you want to go.

if从句可理解为宾语从句,意为“请告诉我你是否想去”;此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话,请告诉我一声”。

5.宾语从句的否定转移。在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句,有时谓语尽管是否定意思,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。如:

I don’t think you are right.我认为你错了。

I don’t believe they have finished their work yet.我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。

I don’t suppose he cares,does he? 我想他不在意,是吗?

6.宾语从句的时态变化规律:

(1)当主句是一般现在时态时,从句可根据需要用任何时态。

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