with的用法大全 with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述，以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。

一、 with结构的构成

它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下：

1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词;

2. with或without-名词/代词+副词;

3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语;

4. with或without-名词/代词+动词不定式;

5. with或without-名词/代词+分词。

下面分别举例：

1、 She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.(with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语)

2、 With the meal over ， we all went home.(with+名词+副词，作时间状语)

3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。) The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.

4、He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语) He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代词 +不定式，作条件状语)

5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词 ，作伴随状语)

6、Without anything left in the cupboard， she went out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语)

二、with结构的用法

在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。

With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如：

1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.

2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.

3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.

三、 with结构的特点

1. with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系，而在逻辑上，却具有主谓关系，也就是说，可以用第一部分

作主语，第二部分作谓语，构成一个句子。例如： With him taken care of，we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)→(He was taken good care of.) She fell asleep with the light burning.

→(The light was burning.) With her hair gone，there could be no use for them. →(Her hair was gone.)

2. 在with结构中，第一部分为人称代词时，则该用宾格代词。例如： He could not finish it without me to help him.

四、 几点说明：

1. with结构在句子中的位置： with 结构在句中作状语，表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面，并用逗号与句子分开;表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面，不用逗号分开。若with结构作定语，则放在所修饰的名词之后，一般不用逗号隔开。

2. with结构作状语时，不定式、现在分词 、和过去分词的区别： 在with结构中，不定式、现在分词作宾补，表示主动，但是不定式表示将要发生的动作，而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成。

例如： With the boy leading the way，we found he house easily.(小男孩已领过路) With the boy to lead the way，we will find the house easily tomorrow.(小男孩明天将领路)

He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.(寝室被关着)

3. with结构与一般的with短语的区别： with结构具有上述功能和特点，而"介词with+名词或代词(组)"组成的一般的with短语在句子中可以作定语和状语。作状语时，它能表示动作的方式、原因，但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。在一般的with短语中，with后面所跟的不是复合结构，也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。

4. with结构与独立主格结构的关系： with结构属于独立主格结构，但在结构上，with结构由介词with或without引导，名词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰，结构较松散;而独立主格结构没有with或without引导，结构严密，名词前可用可不用修饰语。在句法功能上，with结构可以作定语，独立主格结构则不能;独立主格结构通常在句中作状语，但也可以作主语，而with结构则不能。

独立主格在口语中不常用，往往由一个从句代替，而with结构较口语化，较常用。例如：

There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.("with+复合宾语"结构，在句中作定语)

A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high.(名词+现在分词构成的独立主格结构，作主语)

The boy said，turning to the man，his eyes opened wide and his hand raised.(独立主格结构，表示伴随状况或行为方式，作状语)

Then last night，I followed him here，and climbed in，sword in hand.(名词+介词短语构成的独立主格结构，作状语，表示伴随情况)。

 

第二篇：介词with的用法大全

介词with的用法大全

With是个介词，基本的意思是“用”，但它也可以协助构成一个极为多采多姿的句型，在句子中起两种作用；副词与形容词。

with在下列结构中起副词作用：

1.“with+宾语+现在分词或短语”，如：

(1) This article deals with common social ills, with particular attention being paid to vandalism.

2.“with+宾语+过去分词或短语”，如：

(2) With different techniques used, different results can be obtained.

(3) The TV mechanic entered the factory with tools carried in both hands.

3.“with+宾语+形容词或短语”，如：

(4) With so much water vapour present in the room, some iron-made utensils have become rusty easily.

(5) Every night, Helen sleeps with all the windows open.

4.“with+宾语＋介词短语”，如：

(6) With the school badge on his shirt, he looks all the more serious.

(7) With the security guard near the gate no bad character could do any thing illegal.

5.“with+宾语＋副词虚词”，如：

(8) You cannot leave the machine there with electric power on.

(9) How can you lock the door with your guests in?

上面五种“with”结构的副词功能，相当普遍，尤其是在科技英语中。

接着谈“with”结构的形容词功能，有下列五种：

一、“with+宾语+现在分词或短语”，如：

(10) The body with a constant force acting on it. moves at constant pace.

(11) Can you see the huge box with a long handle attaching to it ?

二、“with+宾语+过去分词或短语”

(12) Throw away the container with its cover sealed.

(13) Atoms with the outer layer filled with electrons do not form compounds.

三、“with+宾语+形容词或短语”，如：

(14) Put the documents in the filing container with all the drawers open.

四、“with+宾语+介词短语”，如：

(15) The young lady with a red ribbon on her head is my former maths teacher.

(16) Do you know the gentleman with both hands in his pockets?

五、“with+宾语+副词虚词，”如：

(17) Is there any water in the kettle with this cover off ?

(18) Out went the boy scouts with their uniforms on.