中考英语名词十一大类不规则变化归纳总结

第一类:无规律变化

1. foot → feet , goose → geese, tooth---teeth,child → children, ox → oxen, louse → lice, woman → women, man → men, mouse → mice 注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。

第二类:单复数同形:sheep, deer, fish, cattle, Chinese, Japanese,audience

li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin

但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters

第三类:以O结尾的单词。

A、有些以o结尾的外来词或缩略词的复数形式只加“S”;

B、以元音字母加O结尾的单词只加“s”

piano,photo,zero,radio,bamboo,tobacco,solo,cuckoo,dynamo,cameo,soprano。

如果以o结尾的名词有生命力,则该词汇一般加-es。如:

Hero,tomato,potato,Negro(黑人)[简记;黑人英雄吃西红柿马铃薯。] 第四类:以辅音加y结尾的名词变y为i再加“es”,如:

family——families , city——cities

若y前面是元音字母只加“S”,如:key——keys boy——boys play——plays toy——toys

第五类: 以f,fe结尾的名词,变f,fe为v 加es,如:calf——calves, knife——knives

A.下列名词直接加“S”

roof(房顶) reef(暗礁) chief(首领) cliff(悬崖) grief(悲痛) turf(草皮) belief(信仰) gulf(港湾) dwarf(侏儒) safe(保险箱) sheriff(长官) tariff(关税)

B. scarf(头巾) whart(码头) staff(全体职员) handkerchief(手帕) hoof(蹄)既可直接加“s”,又可变f为v加es。

第六类:复合名词复数形式

1、中间没有连字符的合成名词在词尾变复数;

bookshelf——bookshelves handful——handfuls

2、man和 woman构成的复合名词,二者均变为复数。

Man servant——men servants woman teacher——women teachers

3、中间有连字符的合成词,在主体词(中心意义的词)末尾变为复数。 Sister-in-law——sisters-in-law looker-on——lookers-on

editor-in-chief——editors-in-chief

4、下列合成名词在后一个词上变化;

sit-in——sit-ins grown-up——grown-ups stand-by——stant-bys touch-me-not——touch-me-nots go-between——go-betweens

第七类:集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数

如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。

如: The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 第八类:以s结尾,仍为单数的名词

a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。

c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是19xx年组建起来的。

d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。

"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.

<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。

第九类:表示由两部分构成的东西

如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes

若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers

第十类 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼

第十一类:外来词.

一些英语外来词的复数形式:crisis→crises 危机,analysis→analyses 分析,oasis→oases 绿洲,parenthesis→parentheses 括号 ,axis→axes 轴心 ,ellipsis→ellipses日蚀 ,hypothesis→hypotheses 假定,synopsis→synopses 内容提要 ,erratum→errata 勘误误表,

addendum→addenda 补遗、附录, medium→media 媒体

 

第二篇:动词不规则变化归纳总结

高中英语动词不规则变化分类

I.三态同形(17个)

bid(投标) bid bid broadcast(广播)broadcast broadcast burst(迸发) burst burst cast(抛掷) cast cast

cost(花费) cost cost cut(剪切) cut cut

forecast(预报) forecast forecast hit(撞击) hit hit

hurt(伤害) hurt hurt let(让) let let

put(放置) put put quit(退下) quit quit

read(读) read read set(安放) set set

shut(关) shut shut spread(传播) spread spread

upset(不安) upset upset

II.两态同形(64个)

become(成为) became become come(来) came come

run(跑) ran run beat(打击) beat beaten

bend(弯曲) bent bent bleed(流血) bled bled

bring(带来) brought brought build(建立) built built

burn(燃烧) burnt burnt buy(买) bought bought

catch(抓捕) caught caught deal(处理) dealt dealt

dig(挖) dug dug dream(梦见) dreamt dreamt feed(喂养) fed fed feel(感觉) felt felt

fight(战斗) fought fought find(发现) found found fleed(逃离) fled fled hang(悬挂) hung hung

have(有) had had hear(听见) heard heard

hold(握住) held held keep(保持) kept kept

lay(放下) laid laid lead(领导) led led

lean(倾斜) leant leant learn(学会) learnt learnt

leave(离开) left left lend(借出) lent lent

light(电亮) lit lit lose(失去) lost lost

make(制作) made made mean(意思是) meant meant meet(遇见) met met mislead(误导) misled misled

misunderstand(误解)misunderstood misunderstood pay(付费)paid paid rebuild(重建) rebuilt rebuilt retell(重述) retold retold

say(说) said said seek(追求) sought sought

sell(卖) sold sold send(派送) sent sent

shine(照耀) shone shone shoot(射击) shot shot

sit(坐) sat sat sleep(睡觉) slept slept

smell(闻嗅) smelt smelt speed(加速) sped sped

spell(拼写) spelt spelt spend(度过) spent spent

spill(溅出) spilt spilt spit(吐痰) spat spat

spoil(惯坏) spoilt spoilt stand(站立) stood stood

stick(粘住) stuck stuck sweep(打扫) swept swept teach(教) taught taught tell(告诉) told told

think(思想) thought thought understand(懂得 understood understood weep(哭泣) wept wept win(战胜) won won

III.三态不同形(52个)

arise(起来) arose arisen be(是) was/were been

bear(生育、忍受)bore born/borne begin(开始) began begun bite(叮、咬) bit bitten blow(吹) blew blown

break(打破) broke broken choose(选择) chose chosen crow(啼叫) crew crown do(做) did done

draw(绘画、拉) drew drawn drink(喝) drank drunk/drunken drive(开车、驱赶) drove driven eat(吃) ate eaten

fall(倒下) fell fallen fly(飞) flew flown

forbid(禁止) forbade forbidden forget(忘记) forgot forgotten forgive(宽谅) forgave forgiven freeze(结冰) froze frozen get(得到) got got/gotten give(给予) gave given

go(去、走) went gone grow(成长) grew grown hide(躲藏) hid hidden know(知道) knew known

lie(躺) lay lain mistake(弄错) mistook mistaken ride(骑) rode ridden ring(响铃) rang rung

rise (升起) rose risen see(看见) saw seen

sew(缝纫) sewed sewn shake(摇动) shook shaken show(显示) showed/shew shown sing(唱歌) sang sung

sink(下沉) sank sunk/sunken sow(播种) sowed sown

speak(说话) spoke spoken spring(跳跃) sprang sprung

steal(偷) stole stolen strike(打击) struck stricken/struck swear(起誓) swore sworn swim(游泳) swam swum

tear(撕扯) tore torn take(拿去) took taken

throw(扔、抛弃)threw thrown undertake(从事) undertook undertaken wear(穿、戴) wore worn weave(编织) wove woven wake(醒来) woke waken/woke write(写) wrote written

IV.其它(4个)

can(能够) could may(可能) might

will(将会、愿意) would shall(将要、应该) should

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