雅思写作基础教材——图表作文部分小结

Pie chart

1、对题目的改写

部分 as a percentage of 整体 The pie chart gives information in percentage terms about…

Over the same range of

2、Overall, In general, …（饼图中的比例最大的部分）

3、“占”了多少百分比

Make up

Account for

Represent

Contribute

Comprise

Occupy

4、对百分比的描述 A small percentage

A significant percentage

A substantial proportion

One-third (one over three)

Two-thirds

More than/ over/ just over

Less than/ under/ just under/ almost

A quarter

Three quarters

5、对整体的描述

Of the pie chart/ the chart/ the total/ the total preferences/ the total participation/ the total production

6、最高级、比较级（使用较生动的语言来描述图表）

The most popular

The second most popular The least popular

The second least popular

Be more/ less popular than

7、主语多样化?句式多样化

图例types of fast food?hamburgers, pizza

Teenagers

Percentage of teenagers?only 3% of teenagers

The least popular fast food

或 Riola had a substantial proportion of its agricultural production in wool, at 87%.

Wool made up a substantial proportion of Riola’s agricultural production, at 87%

A substantial proportion of Riola’s agricultural production was in wool, at 87%.

8、紧跟其后的是…（句式多样化）

This is/was followed by…

Remotely/Closely following is/ are /was/ were…

9、相等 Share equal popularity/ output/ percentage

10、引用数据的多种方法 , at 30%.

, with 30% of students involved in/ choosing this activity. , with 30% participation.

, with a 30% participation rate.

, which was/ represented 30% of the pie chart.

, being/ equaling/ making up/ accounting for/ representing/ contributing/ comprising 30% of the total.

Make up/ account for/ represent/ contribute/ comprise/ occupy 30%

Only 3% of teenagers choose this kind of food.

Bar chart

1、对题目的改写

In relation to/ in terms of

The bar chart/graph shows four different types of advertising in relation to/ in terms of the respective amounts of money, measured in thousands of dollars, spent on them by two companies.

Show/give information about/reveal/illustrate/demonstrate/indicate/describe/outline

2、Overall, In general, …

（单色有趋势的柱状图） 随着B的下降，A在上升：

A increases as B decreases.

With age

Over time ?as time passed by

（双色孤立的柱状图）

比较两种颜色柱子的相对高度e.g. Overall, A spent more on advertising than B. 3、主体段写法

（单色有趋势的柱状图）

由于柱子和柱子之间呈现规律性的变化，因此挑选最有特征的一些柱子进行描述（如最大、最小、相等、有倍数关系的柱子），对于特征不是很明显的柱子可以忽略不写，或一笔带过简略地写。

The next/ second highest score is approximately 79, which is for students who average two hours of television viewing.

This is followed by the second highest score of approximately 79, which is for students who average two hours of television viewing.

Closely following is the second highest score of approximately 79, which is for students who average two hours of television viewing.

Students who watch no television and students who watch about 3 hours of television per day share equal score of about 76.

（双色孤立的柱状图）

孤立的柱状图柱子和柱子之间没有关联，是相互独立的项目，因此每一个项目都必须在文章中提到，并且在写作时要注意两个层面的比较——项目和项目之间的比较（如两个公司都在TV这个项目上花钱最多，都在Billboard这个项目上花钱最少）；项目内部的比较（如在TV这个项目上A公司比B公司花钱多，而在Internet这个项目上B公司花的钱是A公司的两倍）

注意：若孤立的项目很多（如有7种做广告的方式），则可以按照不同颜色柱子的相对高度进行分类/分段，然后写作（如黄柱子＞蓝柱子的项目写一段，黄柱子＜蓝柱子的项目写另一段）。

4、倍数表达法

Twice as many as

Three times as much as

5、spend用法

Spend some time/ money (in) doing sth.

Spend some time/ money on sth. (n.)

Line graph 1、对题目的改写

时间：In three-yearly intervals

In decade intervals

In yearly intervals

单位：measured in thousands of dollars, in millions per year

2、Overall, In general, …

描述曲线从起点到终点是什么变化趋势（涨跌平波），不需要看中间具体的变化，只看从起点到终点的相对高度即可。

3、描述四大变化趋势的多样化词汇

上升/增加Increase：There was a gradual/dramatic/sharp increase in computer use in all categories.

动词：increase, climb, grow, rise, go up

急剧上升：jump, shoot up (shot up), soar, surge, rocket

名词：increase, climb, growth, rise, jump

短语：show an upward trend, be on the rise

下降Decrease：The number of male smokers decreased from 21% in 1960 to 17% in 20xx. 动词：decrease, decline, reduce, fall, drop, sink, slide

急剧下降：collapse, plummet, plunge

名词：decrease, decline, reduction, fall, drop

短语：show a downward trend, be on the decline

保持不变Steadiness：The numbers remained steady throughout the twenty-year period. 名词：a period of stability/steadiness

系动词：stay, keep, remain, maintain

level off, level out, stabilise

形容词：constant, the same, unchanged, stable, steady

短语：remain relatively stable /constant /steady, keep mostly unchanged

波动Fluctuation：There was a minor fluctuation between 1980 and 1950 in India.

动词：fluctuate/vary (vi.) between A and B, fluctuate upward/downward from A to B 名词：a fluctuation [C, U], a variation [C, U]

短语：have a fluctuation between 900 units and 1,000 units, show some fluctuation/ variation

描述极值

最大值：a peak, a summit, the highest point

最小值：a bottom, a nadir, the lowest point

动词：peak, summit, bottom out (at +数据)

短语：reach a peak of, touch the bottom

修饰趋势程度（adj.）

速度慢：gradual, steady, gentle, slow

幅度小：slight, minor, marginal

适中：modest适度的, moderate中等的?a relatively moderate rise

速度快：sharp, dramatic, drastic, fast, speedy, rapid, steep, swift

幅度大：great, marked, substantial, significant, considerable, surprising, amazing

4、描述趋势变化的基本句式

描述变化的三个基本句型 In 1991, the price increased suddenly. (v. + adv.)

In 1991, there was a sudden increase in price. (adj. + n.)

In 1991, a sudden increase was seen/ witnessed in price.

This was followed by a sudden increase in price in 1991.

主语多样化?句式多样化

In 1991, the price increased suddenly in China.

The year 1991/ The three-year period saw/ witnessed/ experienced a sudden increase in price in China.

China saw/ witnessed/ experienced a sudden increase in price in 1991.

There was a trend of a gradual decrease in the number of birds since 1995.

A trend of a gradual decrease was witnessed/ seen in the number of birds since 1995.

This was followed by (a trend of) a gradual decrease in the number of birds since 1995.

It then rose significantly to about 105 million in 1989. ? There was a significant rise to about 105 million in 1989. ? A significant rise was witnessed/ seen to about 105 million in 1989.

It fell sharply over the next three years to about 95 million in 1992. ? There was a sharp fall/ drop/ decrease/ reduction/ decline/ sink over the next three years to about 95 million in 1992.