初中英语语法归纳

英语:10种最需要注意的时态考点归纳

根据试题统计,动词语法占语法考题中的50%左右,其内容主要包括动词的时态、语态、要掌握英语的时态和语态,必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)

和时间状语这两个核心问题。现将各考点分别归纳如下。

1. 一般现在时

主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语;表示客观规律和永恒真理等。

He usually goes to work at 7 o?clock every morning.

She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun.

Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.

考点一:表示永恒的真理,即使出现在过去的语境中,仍用一般现在时。如:

I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,代替一般将来时,常用的引导词有: 时间:when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment / minute / day /

year

条件:if, unless, provided If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三:在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter +宾语从句中,从

句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

So long as he works hard, I don?t mind when he finishes the experiment.

只要他努力工作,我不介意他什么时候做完试验。

考点四:在the more… the more … (越…越…) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时,

从句通常用一般现在时。

The harder you study, the better results you will get.

2. 现在进行时

表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动;与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually,again等连用,表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、

埋怨等)。

We are having English class. The house is being built these days.

The little boy is always making trouble.

考点一:在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。

Look out when you are crossing the street.

Don?t wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.

考点二: 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作(这时多有表示将来的时间

状语)。

Marry is leaving on Friday.

3. 现在完成时

表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或

影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语。

考点一:for + 时间段;since + 时间点

They have lived in Beijing for five years.

They have lived in Beijing since 1995. I have learned English for ten years. 考点二:常见的不确定的时间状语:lately, recently, just, already, yet, up to now;

till now; so far, these days

Has it stopped raining yet?

考点三:在表示“最近几世纪/年/月以来……”时间状语中,谓语动词用现在

完成时。

in the past few years/months/weeks/days, over the past few years, during the last three months, for the last few centuries, through centuries, throughout history 等 In the past 30 years China has made great advances in socialist construction. 考点四:表示“第几次做某事,”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +

名词+that” 后面用现在完成时。

This is my first time that I have visited China. That is the only book that he has

written.

This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.

4.一般过去时

表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现

在的影响,只说明过去。常与明确的过去时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last week, in 1945, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago,

when。

考点一:used to + do 表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为

不定式符号,后接动词原形。

比较:be / become / get used to + doing 表示习惯于

He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early.

考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,代替过去将来时。

He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise

5. 过去进行时

表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。

The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work. He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for

help.

What were you doing at nine last night?

The radio was being repaired when you called me.

6. 过去完成时

表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语,这种时态从来不孤立使用。

There had been 25 parks in our city up till 20xx.

By the end of last term we had finished the book.

They finished earlier than we had expected.

考点一:用于hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner ...than句型中,主句用过去完

成时,从句用一般过去时。

I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.

I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.

No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. (注意倒装)

考点二:表示“第几次做某事”,主句用过去时,从句用过去完成时。

That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.

考点三:动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完

成时,表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。

I had hoped that I could do the job. I had intended to see you but I was too busy.

7. 一般将来时

表示在将来某个时间发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 20xx

等表示将来的时间状语连用,其表现形式多达5种。

考点一:一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中。

We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.

(主句用一般将来时,从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。) 考点二:某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等,用现

在进行时形式表示将来。

I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.

考点三:“祈使句 + and / or + 句子”,这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一

般将来时。

Use your head and you will find a way.

考点四:“be going to + 动词原形”,表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。 “be about to + 动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。

“be to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。

They are to be married in May.

8. 将来进行时

表示将来某个时间正在发生的动作,或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I?ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。

The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.

9. 将来完成时

表示在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情,时间状语非常明显。

考点一:常用的时间状语一般用by + 将来时间 ,如:by the end of this year, by 8 o?clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when

等引导的从句。

By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.

By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.

By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.

考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。 The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from

school.

10. 动词的语态

一般用于强调受者,做题时谓语动词后通常不再有名词或宾语。动词的语态一般不单独考,而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考,需要注意以下考点。

考点一:不能用于被动语态的动词和词组

come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out,

appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed

It took place before liberation.

考点二:下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与well, quite, easily,

badly等副词连用:lock, wash, sell, read, wear, blame, ride , write

Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。 The car rides smoothly. 这车走起来很

稳。

The case locks easily. 这箱子很好锁。 The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。

考点三:一些常用经典被动句型

It is said…, It is reported…, It is widely believed…,It is expected…, It is

estimated…,

这些句子一般翻译为“据说…”,“人们认为…”,而“以前人们认为…”则应该

说:It was believed…, It was thought…。

 

第二篇:初中英语语法总结

初中英语语法总结(1)

 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 
        2 (比较级 and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样 
        3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 
        4 agree with sb 赞成某人 
        5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样
        6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界 
        7 along with同……一道,伴随…… eg :  the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 
        8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 
        9 as you can see 你是知道的 
        10 ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的东西) eg : ask you for my book 
        11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 
        12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 
        13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 
        14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始 
        15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后;尽头;末尾 eg : At the end of the day 
        16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候

初中英语语法总结(2)

17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心,自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 
18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时 
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 
20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 
21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 
22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 
23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 
25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 
26 be ashamed to   不好意思…
27 be away from 远离 
28 be away from 从……离开 
29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 
30 be born 出生于

初中英语语法总结(3)

B.情感型使动词:

 情感型使动词表示客观事物使人产生情感上的变化,可以分为下列概念:(1)惊讶(surprise);(2)高兴(delight);(3)恼怒(irritation);(4)烦扰(trouble);(5)兴趣(interest);(6)激动(excitement);(7)迷惑(bewilderment);(8)坚信( conviction);( 9)恐吓(fright);(10)厌倦(tiredness)和(ll)愤怒(anger)。这类动词用于被动语态时,要注意前置词的用法。分述如下:

(1)惊讶:

表示“惊讶”概念的情感型使动词,主要有surprise,astonish,astound,amaze,startle,stun,dumbfound,shock等,例如:

78)a.The taste surprised him,it was not as he'd imagined.

b.The taste made him surprised,it was not as he'd imagined.

c.He was surprised by the taste,it was not as he'd imagined.

(这味道使他大出意外,那完全不是他原先想的那样。)

79)a.The news astonished everybody.

b.The news made everybody astonished.

c.Everybody was astonished at the news.

(这个消息使大家感到惊奇。)

80)a.Sherlock Holmes astounded Dr Watson with his accurate analysis.

b.Sherlock Holmes made Dr Watson astounded with his accurate analysis.

c.Dr Watson was astounded by Sherlock Holmes with his accurate analysis.

(夏洛克·福尔摩斯精确的分析使华生医生感到惊奇。)

81)a.Their performance amazed me.

b.I was amazed at/by their performance.

(他们的演出使我惊奇。)

82)a.The explosion startled me out of my sleep.

b.I was startled out of my sleep by the explosion.

(爆炸声使我从睡梦中惊醒。)

83)a.The unfairness of their judgment stunned me.

b.I was stunned by the unfairness of their judgment.

(他们判决的不公正使我为之震惊。)

84)a.The strange news completely dumb-founded me.

b.I was completely dumbfounded at/by the strange news.

(这个奇怪的消息完全把我惊呆了。)

85)a.The news of her death greatly shocked me.

b.I was greatly shocked at the news of her death.

(她的死讯使我大为震惊。)

初中英语语法总结(4)

B.情感型使动词:(2)

 (2)高兴:

表示“高兴”概念的情感型使动词,主要有delight,please,statisfy,amuse等,例如:

86) a.Her singing delighted us.

b.Her singing made us delighted.

c.We were delighted at her singing.

(她的歌声使我们欢乐。)

87) a.His work pleased me.

b.His work made me pleased.

c.I was pleased with his work.

(他的工作使我高兴。)

88) a.The result completely satisfied most of the people.

b.Most of the people were completely satisfied with the result.

(这个结果使大多数人完全满意。)

89) a.The old man's jokes amused the children.

b.The children were amused at/by the old man's jokes.

(老人讲的笑话逗得孩子们都笑起来。)

(3)恼怒:

表示“恼怒”概念的情感型使动词,主要有annoy, irritate,vex,displease等,例如:

90) a. What he said annoyed me.

b.What be said made me annoyed.

c.I was annoyed by what he said.

(他的话使我恼怒。)

91) a. His delay irritated us.

b.His delay made us irritated.

c.We were irritated by his delay.

(他的拖延激怒了我们。)

92) a.The boy's bad behaviour vexed his mother.

b.The boy's mother was vexed by his bad behaviour.

(这男孩子的恶劣行为使他母亲生气。)

93) a.Her levity displeased him.

b. He was displeased at/with her levity.

(她的轻浮使他感到不快。)

 

初中英语语法总结(5)

46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣 
47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到 
48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother 
49 be mad at 生某人的气 
50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料) 
51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料) 
52 be not sure 表不确定 
53 be on a visit to 参观 
54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎 
55 be quiet 安静 
56 be short for 是…的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰 
57 be sick in bed 生病在床 
58 be sorry to do sth / be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you 很遗憾做…/ 对某人感到抱歉
59 be sorry to hear that 很遗憾听到…
60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you 很抱歉打扰某人

 

初中英语语法总结(6)

61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles

62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格

63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格

64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么

65 be sure 表确定

66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well

67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑(老师)

68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试

69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语

70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕……

71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事

72 be the same as … 和什么一样

73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉

74 be worth doing 值得做什么

75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句