初中生物教学论文让学生动起来

20xx-4-23 13:12:00作者：佚名来源:转载查看评论（0条）字号：大 中 小

摘要：“活动化教学”具有源远流长的理论和实践基础。但大都冠以“课外”前提。如何在生物学科课堂教学中开展活动化教学，给学生提供参与课堂教学的机会，同时为学生创造自我实现的条件，从而激发了学生主体积极性，让学生在活动中学，在快乐中学，有利于提高生物课堂教学质量，培养学生知识、技能、情感等综合素质，促进学生的全面发展。如何实现生物课堂教学活动化？我校生物科组教师对此进行了专题研究与实践，通过在教学设计与实施中抓住活动中的“动点”,设计好“动法”，“激活”学生，取得了良好的教学效果。 关键词：初中生物 课堂 活动化教学 动点 动法 存在问题

生物活动教学是指在初中生物课堂的教学过程中，建构一些既具有教育性、创造性、实践性，又具有生活性、趣味性的学生主体活动，让学生在活动中学习，在快乐中学习，以提高学生整体素质全面提高为目的的一种新型的教学观和教学形式。

1、生物学科课堂教学活动化的必要性

“活动教学”具有源远流长的理论和实践基础。国外早期可追溯到卢梭的“自然教育论”以及后来杜威提出的“学校及生活”、“从做中学”的教育思想。国内从两千多年前荀子的“不闻不若闻之，闻之不若见之，见之不若知之，知之不若行之，学至于行之而止矣。”，到陶行知先生的“教学做合一”，都十分强调充分调动学生的多种感官让学生动起来，让教与学达到最好效果。

我国的活动教学先后在课外活动、活动课、活动、活动类课程、科学探究课、研究性学习、综合实践等活动课程中得到充分体现和发展。但在具体学科教学过程中，这方面的研究比较欠缺。因此，初中生物课堂教学中如何设计相关的教学活动，使学生在快乐中学习，积极主动地去学习，生动活泼地去探索，积极热情地去交往，是初中生物教师面临的一个新课题。

生物学科课堂教学活动化是新课程改革的需要。我国义务教育新一轮课程改革的基本理念是改变人才培养模式，倡导探究性学习，实现学生学习方式的根本变革。“充分调动、发挥学生自主、探究、合作的学习方式”成为本次课程与教学改革的核心任务。学习方式的转变离不开教学方式的改革。教学方式的改革必须实现三大转变：教学内容从过去的以教材为中心的单一书本知识转变为以教材为轴线，以活动为纽带，与现实生活紧密联系的多元化的教

学内容；教学方法从以知识量为目标，讲授为基本方法的填鸭式教学转变为以能力为目标，以活动为基本方法，集中表现为“做中学”的开放式教学；教师的角色也由知识的传授者转变为学生自主、探究、合作学习活动的设计者和组织者。实现上述三个转变的核心，是能否有效地将“活动”引入课堂，让学生真正动起来。因此，“活动化教学”是实施新课程学科课堂教学较为适宜的教学方式。

生物学科课堂教学活动化也是生物学科本身教学特点的需要。生物学本身就是一们实验性科学，大量的实验、观察、操作、思考、探究，讨论意味着生物学习过程的活动性，学生要获得生物学知识，既要动手，还要动脑。活动寓生物学知识于学习，探究于游戏之中，既体现生物学知识的科学性，又符合学生认知发展规律，故能大大激发学生学习生命科学的兴趣。

生物学科课堂教学活动化还是初中学生心理发展的需要。初中学生活泼、好动、好奇心强，喜欢探索，不满足。“好动与不满足是进步的第一必需品。”活动符合他们的兴趣和动机，也可为学生个性的发展提供广阔的空间。

2、生物学科课堂教学活动化的研究实施

谈到“活动”，人们普遍想到学科课堂以外，冠以“课外”前提。即使是生物课堂中活动，为了赶进度，许多学校也多是延续到课外，学生自行开展，教学质量难以控制。我们应该让生物课堂教学也“活动”起来，进行课堂教学活动化研究，让学生用“动”的方法学习，在“动”中学，解放学生头脑、双手、眼睛、思维、空间，使我们的课堂真正成为学生主体的课堂。那么如何实现生物课堂教学活动化？我校生物科组教师对此进行了专题研究与实践，取得了良好的教学效果。我们认为，实现生物课堂教学活动化关键是：在教学设计与实施中一定要抓住活动中的“动点”,设计好“动法”，“激活”学生。

2．1 寻找“动点”

2．1．1 “科学、人文”的氛围有利于激发学生的“动点”。“科学、人文”的学习氛围即民主、和谐、平等、合作的师生关系。给学生提供参与课堂教学的机会，为学生创造自我实现的条件是主体发展的前提。让学生享受到学习快乐，从而激发学生主体积极性,激发学生“动点”。如在探究《人的反应速度》时，我首先在前面表演了抛接硬币，一个、两个、三个，其中我有成功、也偶尔有失败。成功时，同学们为我鼓掌，失败为我叹息。此时，师生的关系已经拉近，在不知不觉中已激发了学生“动点”，当我刚停下，许多同学争着“试一试”。当即请两位同学上台比赛。课堂气氛一下活跃起来。此时自然引出课题，再顺势启发：反应速度还与哪些因素有关？你想探究反应速度在哪方面的问题？学生：“反应速度与人的性别有没有关？”“反应速度与人的高矮有没有关？”“反应速度与人的注意力有关吗？”“反应速度与心

理素质有关？”“反应速度与手指长短有没有关？”等等，全班一下提出了39个不同的问题。人文、民主、平等的学习氛围，放飞学生心灵，学生的创造性思维得到极大发展。紧接着我鼓励大家以四人小组为单位选定探究课题，设计实验方案，开展探究实验。整节课大家在快乐活动中积极主动地学习。

2．1．2 从学生的生活中挖掘“动点”。学生的生活与经验是接受教育、学习理解的基础，所以，要通过日常生活中具体的经验来学习，使教育与学生的生活密切相关。生物学本身就是一门生活中的科学。在教学中充分考虑学生的身心发展特点，结合他们的生活经验和已有知识设计富有情趣和意义的活动，使他们有更多的机会从周围熟悉的事物中学习和理解生物知识，学会生活。如在讲《鸟与空中飞行生活相适应特点》时，折纸飞机是大家从小就玩的游戏，但要折得好，飞得远也不容易，有一定技巧。课堂上通过折纸飞机比赛，看谁的纸飞机飞的最高最远，研究分析飞得高远的原因：纸材质轻还是重；纸大小；飞机翅膀大或小；机头折法……最后引导得出纸飞机要飞得远，必须解决“三个力”：重力、阻力、动力。那“鸟是怎样解决空中飞行的这三个力？”引导大家分析讨论课本中资料，总结得出鸟适于与飞行生活相适应的特点，水到渠成。又如许多同学家养有宠物，如何解决宠物随地大小便？同学们根据经验，提出了多种解决方法，促进了对条件反射的理解。此外，利用学生关注和社会正发生的热点问题，学习相关的知识，也是调动学生学习兴奋性、激发“动点”的有效方法。如20xx年我国非典的流行为我们在讲初中生物传染病和免疫提供活生生的情景和材料。总之，现实生活为生物课堂教学提供了最丰富的活动内容。只要留心，你就会发现无处不有丰富的教育环境与教育资源。

2．1．3 创设生动的教学活动情景，激发“动点”。俗话说，良好的开端是成功的一半。如果我们能在活动的起始阶段多着笔墨，多动脑筋，使创设的教学活动情景具有针对性、趣味性、创造性，活动中常会起到意想不到的效果。如每节课，我会更改电脑桌面背景，将生物科技成果与生物科学家作为桌面，通过猜一猜、听一听、讲一讲，动一动活动，极大吸引学生兴趣，调动学习积极性，而且有利于培养学生的创新思维，引发很多疑问，让学生真正动起来，课堂也真正活起来。此外，我们还充分利用媒体资源，教师课前收集大量科技录象片：如基因、克隆人、病毒、试管婴儿、吸烟、吸毒的危害、人体奥秘等等，穿插在相关的课堂教学中，也为生物活动教学开展、激发学生学习兴趣，实现教学目标，提供了条件。

 

第二篇：生物教学论文

浅谈生物学课堂自学的指导

民勤三中 宋婵娟

在教学过程加强学生自学能力的培养，将直接关系到生物学的教学质量，也有利于对学生的创新教育。本文从五个方面介绍生物学教学中课堂自学的指导方法。

生物学教学大纲明确规定，要培养学生观察能力、实验能力和思维能力的同时，培养学生不断获取和运用生物学知识的自学能力。在实施素质教育的今天，教师不仅要教学生学会，更重要的是教学生会学，在课堂教学中指导学生自学是一条有效途径。进行课堂自学的指导，目的在于更好地发挥教师的主导作用和学生的主体作用，减轻学生过重负担，培养学生自学能力。

一、精讲巧练，解决好教与学的矛盾。

课本是教学之本，学生知识大部分来源于课本。在教学中，根据教学内容面向全体学生提出明确的学习目标，让学生有针对性地阅读，寻找答案，培养其自学能力。但教师的讲授时间也相应缩短，教学任务难于完成，这与学生自学的时间的矛盾也就更加突出。这一矛盾解决不好，课堂自学的指导也就无法开展。

经过一段时间的实践和调查研究，要解决好教与学的矛盾，首先教师要真正明确开展课堂自学是为了教会学生怎样学，“授之以鱼，不如授之以渔”，相信学生有一定的自学能力。其次是要深入分析大纲和教材，列出章节精讲的内容和必讲的重点和难点，将讲全讲细改为讲

准讲精，给学生留下较充裕的自学时间。如“生物的多样性”一课，内容丰富，学生感兴趣，但内涵复杂，在教学中，将学生分成七个小组，分别研究一种代表动物，通过阅读、小组讨论研究进行自学，教师只作启发引导，这样充分调动了每个学生主体参与的积极性。

二、精心设计，让学生带着问题自学。

自学的主要形式是阅读，在教学中，不论采用怎样的阅读方法，总要先布置思考题，让学生带着问题自学。一可以指导探索发掘课文内容的方向；二可以引导学生通过课文阅读思考得出正确答案；三可以促使学生发现自己一时解决不了的问题，充分调动学生的主动性和内驱力，使学生带着欲望进入学习境界。让学生带着问题自学，并要求能简要回答每个问题，然后用较少的时间提问归纳，这样不仅调动了全体学生学习的积极性，而且还有了完成课堂练习的时间。

三、合理安排，有的放矢。

课堂时间有限，不可能安排太多的自学时间，所以应该合理安排，选择有利于点拨的内容自学。每节教材的前言和对某些现象或过程的描述由教师讲解较好，并适当增删内容，力求做到生动，富有吸引力，以激发学生的求知欲望，并起到对自学内容的引导作用。而对教材中的基本概念、基本理论等，一般由学生独立阅读，自己得出准确答案。对于重点的知识、难点或理论联系实际的问题，尽量启发学生独立思考解决，以达到培养学生自学能力的目的。

四、选择要点，及时点拨。

学生自学能力有限，如整章整节自学，易造成学生只记住字面意思，

不理解内涵。教师在教学中应充分估计问题和要点、难点，布置自学后要注意学生的动向，及时进行点拨。通过有点拨的自学和教师的精讲，易突破自学难点，确保课堂教学目标的完成。

五、查评价，激发自学热情，提高自学能力。

通过课堂自学，可以培养学生的自学能力，但学生的能力和水平有限。如单有自学布置而没有检查，自学就无法落实，而有检查没有评价也会打击学生自学的热情。在教学中，对一些较易混淆的概念和较难懂的问题先让学生讨论，再由学习基础较好的学生进行回答，并当场给予评价，对回答好的打成绩予以鼓励。同时对于基础较差的学生则多指导如何区分重点、如何进行归纳分析等，多给他们发言的机会，充分肯定优点，以激发其自学的信心和兴趣，从而提高自学能力。当然对学生课堂自学的指导，并非一朝一夕的事情，需要我们不断地努力，从点滴的教学做起，遵循循序渐进的原则，这样才能不断提高学生自学能力。

 

第三篇：英国文学论文——傲慢与偏见

Book Report on Pride and Prejudice

Abstract: Jane Austen (1775-1817), whose novels are highly prized not only for light irony, humor, and depiction of contemporary English country life, but also for their underlying serious qualities. Pride and Prejudice has shaped Elizabeth, an intelligent, quick-witted, sensible and brave female image.

Key words: summary; Elizabeth; character; writing style

Pride and Prejudice is one of the most popular novels of Jane Austen, whose works of romantic fiction have earned her a place as one of the most widely read and most beloved writers in English literature. And no doubt her Pride and Prejudice is a shining pearl be cherished forever.

The novel is about the Bennet family and set in 18th century England. The Bennet family consists of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet and their five unmarried daughters. At that time, we know that a poor woman must marry a wealthy husband to have luxurious lives. That’s why Mrs. Bennet is so excited about the coming of Mr. Bingley, a wealthy young gentleman. To help all her daughters get married is the most important thing of her life.

Elizabeth is the second daughter in the Bennet family, and Mr. Darcy is unpopular because of his extremely aloof and proud attitude and is generally thought to be very disagreeable. This two is the main part of the novel. However, Darcy finds he has been attracted not only by Elizabeth’s physical beauty, but also by her sharp intelligence and witty observations gradually. He proposes marriage to her but is refused. Later Elizabeth finds how foolish she was when she knew the truth about

everything Darcy did for her family. The series of events which they both experience give them the opportunities to understand one another and the time to reconcile their feelings for each other, for the pride and prejudice. Finally, they are together.

Throughout the book, I love Elizabeth most. She is outstanding and totally different from other women around her. She dares to speak as well as act. In addition, no flattering to the rich. She is like a red rose, beautiful with throne. Actually she is the main heroine in the novel. Sensible, intelligent, humorous, has sharp mind and her own mind. From the beginning of the novel, we know that Mr. Bennet adores his Elizabeth more, because “she has something more of quickness than her sisters”. Though she is young and having been confined in the rural society, Elizabeth always has deep insight and watch things from her knowledge, which makes her distinctive. Also we cannot neglect her conversations are full of wit and humor. Her language is very concise and penetrating, especially in her dialogues with Darcy. It’s interesting to read their talks, which is like a “battle” but in a wit and intelligent way. Here is a description:

"Oh!" said she, "I heard you before; but I could not immediately determine what to say in reply. You wanted me, I know, to say "Yes," that you might

have the pleasure of despising my taste; but I always delight in

overthrowing those kind of schemes, and cheating a person of their

premeditated contempt. I have therefore made up my mind to tell you that I

do not want to dance a reel at all -- and now despise me if you dare."

This passage perfectly demonstrates Elizabeth is quick-witted and sensible. Her

sense and skillful words come from her ability to use knowledge as well as her self-confidence. It is the inner beauty of Elizabeth that has attracted Darcy rather than her appearance.

She is definitely brave and believes in love, she want to find a man she really loves. It is a precious character of Elizabeth I appreciate. She is determined and strong-minded, and she will do anything she thinks right rather than do everything according to social norms. She shows her mock towards some social rules. When Mr. Collins tells Elizabeth he wants to marry her so that she can take possession of her father’s legacies, and it’s good for both sides. Without hesitating, Elizabeth refuses him immediately. It’s beyond imagination at that time, especially under the pressure of her mother and the family house. I think the strongest rebellion Elizabeth has made against the social custom is that she marries Darcy despite that her family background is inferior to Darcy’s. Elizabeth and Darcy’s marriage is not admitted by the social norms. When Catherine comes to Elizabeth’s home to blame her for the engagement with her nephew Darcy, she is brave enough to negotiate with her. In the hierarchical society, she does not feel inferior. Instead, she is confidant and brilliant. We know in Jane Austen’s society, obedience is supposed to be the most important virtue of a woman. In a male-dominating society, women are supposed to behave like Jane in Pride and Prejudice, who is gentle, mild, pleasing and obedient. Women are imprisoned and constrained by the dominant ideologies of womanhood, and they are restrained in expressing their passion or telling the feelings about their experience. Men do not want women to have independent characters, because once women

become spirit-independent and powerful, they will threat the social structure in which men are masters of everything.

Jane Austen’s capability of writing subtle discrimination and her shrewd perceptiveness are showed in Pride and Prejudice; she is able to convey such a complex message using a simple and witty style. The e first sentence of the novel: "It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife." In this statement, Austen has declared that the main subject of the novel will be courtship and marriage, and then she has established the humorous tone of the novel by taking a simple subject and she has told the reader that in the novel, either a husband in search of a wife, or a woman in pursuit of a husband. And the sentence also defines Austen's book as a piece of literature that connects itself to the 18th century period. Pride and Prejudice is 18th century because of the emphasis on man in his social environment rather than in his individual conditions. The use of satire and wit is a common form of 18th century literature, also make it belongs to18th century.

Jane Austen’s writing is from the experience of her own life, so she can describe a picture of life of her time vividly with her forceful insight and gentle wit. She is skillful in the interesting plot and quick-witted language of the novel, she also presents her attitude toward the society which seriously discriminates against women. Her attitude is ironic and critical. Elizabeth represents her to revolt against the tradition and convention, so we must aware that Jane Austen is one of the challengers of the male dominant tradition in the awakening of feminist

consciousness.

Works Cited:

Edward Corpland & Juliet Mcmaster, The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen, 上海：Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 20xx.

Susan M. Shaw and Janet Lee, Women’s Voices, Feminist Visions, California: Mayfield Publishing Company, 20xx.