英美文学

1.Renaissance

The English Renaissance was a cultural and artistic movement in England dating from the late 15th to the early 17th century.

It is characterized by the adoption of a humanist philosophy, the recovery of the classical literature of Antiquity and benefited from the spread of printing in the latter part of the 15th century.

.Major English Renaissance authors and works: Tomas more, (Utopia) Francis Bacon (Essays) , Edmund Spenser (The Faerie Queen)

2.A heroic couplet is a traditional form for English poetry, commonly used in epic and narrative poetry; it refers to poems constructed from a sequence of rhyming pairs of lines in iambic pentameter.

Major authors and works Use of the heroic couplet was pioneered by Geoffrey Chaucer in the Legend of Good Women and the Canterbury Tales.,[1] and was perfected by John Dryden in the Restoration Age. John Dryden:The wild Gllant

3. Enlightenment

Time:late 17th century to middle 18th century.

Ideas:

4.Romanticism period:

1789-1832

Romanticism in English literature has little to do with modern concepts of romance or love. The Romantics in literary terms were the fathers of modernism, delving into intellectual topics of philosophy and personal expression. An emphasis on personal freedom and liberty is a distinction of Romanticism. Romanticism marked a departure from morals backed by organized religion to nature as a form of divine inspiration. The use of symbolism gained popularity as the Romantics struggled for ways to communicate the complexity of human emotions.

Major authors and works:Jhon Keats Ode on a Grecian Urn Percy Bysshe Shelley Ode to the West wind

5.realism

1930s -1918

Background: From Romanticism to Realism

1. the three conflicts that reached breaking point in this period

(1) industrialism vs. agrarian

(2) culturely-measured east vs. newly-developed west

(3) plantation gentility vs. commercial gentility

2. 1880’s urbanization: from free competition to monopoly capitalism

3. the closing of American frontier

. Characteristics

1. truthful description of life

2. typical character under typical circumstance

3. objective rather than idealized, close observation and investigation of life “Realistic writers are like scientists.”

4. open-ending:

Life is complex and cannot be fully understood. It leaves much room for readers to think by themselves.

5. concerned with social and psychological problems, revealing the frustrations of characters in an environment of sordidness and depravity

Major authors and works: Jane Austen : Pride and Prejudice

Charlotte Bronte: Jane Eyre

6. Modernism

Time: 1918-1945

Writers and works:

D.H. Lawrence------Lady Chatterley’s Lover, Son and Lovers

James Joyce-------Ulysses

Modernism is a philosophical movement,which along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in Western society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.It advocate we should pay more attention to the feeling of the people. It presents the pressure of the life.

7.Stream of consciousness

Writers and works:

James Joyce-------Ulysses

Virginia Woolf----Mrs. Dalloway

Stream of consciousness is a narrative device that attempts to give the written equivalent of the character's thought processes, either in a loose interior monologue, or in connection to his or her actions. Stream-of-consciousness writing is usually regarded as a special form of interior monologue and is characterized by associative leaps in thought and lack of some or all punctuation.

8. Ode

Writers and works:

Percy Bysshe Shelly----Ode to the West Wind

John Keats-------Ode to a Nightingale

An English ode is a lyrical stanza in praise, or dedicated to someone or something that captures the poet's interest or serves as an inspiration for the ode. The lyrics can be on various themes.

9. Metaphysical poets

Time: 17-20 centuries

Writers and works:

John Donne---The Flea

Andrew Marvell----To His Coy Mistress

The metaphysical poets is a term coined by the poet and critic Samuel Johnson to describe a loose group of English lyric poets of the 17th century, whose work was characterized by the inventive use of conceits, and by speculation about topics such as love or religion. These poets were not formally affiliated; most of them did not even know each other or read each other's work.

 

第二篇:英美文学

1 Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里.乔叟 :英国文学领导人;The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷的故事

2 记住William Shakespeare威廉.莎士比亚四大悲剧:Hamlet( 哈姆雷特)、Othello(奥赛罗)、King Lear(李尔王)、Macbeth(麦克白) ;

To be or not to be——that is the question 出自 Hamlet p8

Sonnet 18:abab cdcd efef gg p14

3 p18 Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯.培根(15 16世纪) 看of studies 背诵段 p20 散文特点:concise简洁

4 p23 John Donne 约翰.邓恩(17世纪英国诗人)他被认为是“玄学派诗人”Metaphysical poets的重要代表;记住conceit奇喻(flea跳蚤:了解讲了什么 p24;sun太阳;compass圆规)

与邓恩同时期的有John.Milton 约翰.弥尔顿 写了Paradise Lost 失乐园(反抗上帝的权威)p27

5 启蒙时期

Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔.笛福 鲁宾孙漂流记 The Life and Strange Surprising adventures of Robinson

Jonathan Swift 乔纳森.斯威夫特 格列佛游记 Gulliver’s travel (由小人国,大人国,飞岛国,慧马国4部分组成)p40讽刺英国社会 写作特点:satire讽刺

6 浪漫主义时期(诗歌的时期)

积极主义浪漫诗人:1)p76 George Gordon Byron 乔治.戈登.拜伦

代表作:Don Juan唐璜 第一部作品:Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage 恰尔德.哈罗德游记 看下:She walks in beauty 她在美中行

2)p79 Percy Bysshe Shelley 波西.比希.雪莱

3)p84 John Keats 约翰.济慈

消极主义浪漫诗人(也叫湖畔诗人):1)p59 William Wordsworth 威廉.华兹华斯: I wonder lonely as a cloud 我好似一朵云独自漂流 中文版《水仙花》

2)p61 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 塞缪尔·泰勒·柯尔律治

3)Robert Southey 罗伯特.骚塞

前浪漫主义诗人(pre-romanticism)1)p55 Robert Burns罗伯特·彭斯 A Red, Red Rose 一朵红红的玫瑰

2)p50 William Blake威廉·布莱克 The Tyger 老虎

7 批判现实主义时期(critical realism)(小说的时代)

重点讲了:p101 Charles Dickens查尔斯狄更斯 的Great Expectations 远大前程

要知道:1)p89 Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂·勃朗特 的Jane Eyre 简.爱 最后一段(讲述了女性获取平等的成长故事);经典对话:在花园里的那段对话

2)Emily Bronte艾米莉·勃朗特 的 Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》

还要记住:p67 Jane Austen简·奥斯丁的 Pride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》第一章,记住第一句话: It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.

8 p124 Tomas Hardy 托马斯.哈代 naturalism自然主义(人的命运由环境和遗传决定) 是一种悲观现实主义 pessimistic realism

它的产生与达尔文的进化论有关

9 戏剧家:1)p135 Oscar Wilde奥斯卡·王尔德 唯美主义理论:为艺术而艺术 "Art for art's sake"(艺术、文学无任何社会责任、道德责任等)

2)p141 George Bernard Shaw 乔治·萧伯纳(把舞台当成反映观点的场所) 是自莎士比亚来最伟大的剧作家,对Pygmalion 要有个印象。

3)p182 D.H. Lawrence D.H.劳伦斯(最受争议的作家,受弗洛伊德的影响)四部作品:Sons and Lovers 儿子与情人,The Rainbow 虹,Women in love 恋爱中的女人,Lady Chatterley’s Lover 查泰莱夫人的情人

10 意识流

P172 James Joyce 詹姆斯.乔伊斯 的 Ulysses 尤利西斯

Virginia Woolf 弗吉尼亚.伍尔芙 的 Mrs. Dalloway 达罗卫夫人(叙事角度的变化:买花→领居;叙事时间的变化:现在→18岁→现在;心理时间:现在→18岁→现在;物理时间:big bang)

重点讲过的:

小说:Jane Eyre;Pride and Prejudice;Great expectation;Mrs.Dalloway;Tess of the D’Urbervilles 德伯家的苔丝不考大题,但可能会叫你做一个comment)

散文:Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯.培根的

诗歌:Sonnet 18;George Gordon Byron 乔治.戈登.拜伦She walks in beauty 她在美中行;William Wordsworth; 威廉.华兹华斯: I wonder lonely as a cloud 我好似一朵云独自漂流;Robert Burns罗伯特·彭斯 A Red, Red Rose 一朵红红的玫瑰;

1 10个匹配题:如Jane Eyre 的作者是谁,Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》的作者是谁 2 25个选择填空较难:考一些文学常识;作品创作特点;如浪漫主义时期是个什么时代(诗歌)

3 3篇阅读:1)作者 2)作品名 3)小问题

4 欣赏小短文(120——150词)Jane Eyre?

看讲过的中文欣赏部分;

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