Sample 1
Native American Influences on Modern U.S. Culture
When the first Europeans came to the North American continent, they encountered the completely new cultures of the Native American. Peoples of North America, Native Americans, who had highly developed cultures in many respects, must have been as curious about them. As always happens when two or more cultures come into contact, there was a cultural exchange. Native Americans adopted some of the Europeans’ ways, and the Europeans adopted some of their ways. As a result, Native Americans have made many valuable contributions to modern U.S. culture, particularly in the areas of language, art, food, and government.
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Sample 1
Native American Influences on Modern U.S. Culture
When the first Europeans came to the North American continent, they encountered the completely new cultures of the Native American. Peoples of North America, Native Americans, who had highly developed cultures in many respects, must have been as curious about them. As always happens when two or more cultures come into contact, there was a cultural exchange. Native Americans adopted some of the Europeans’ ways, and the Europeans adopted some of their ways. As a result, Native Americans have made many valuable contributions to modern U.S. culture, particularly in the areas of language, art, food, and government.
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下面我们将引言部分的写作，引言释意为introduction。
2.1引言是学术论文写作的起始部分，是论文的导语，也是对全文结构内容的总体规划。一个好的引言能够引人入胜，激起同行甚至一些非专业人士对文章的阅读兴趣，因而，引言是学术写作中的一个重要部分，也是最难写的部分之一。所以如果想要写好引言，首先要开门见山，不绕圈子。第二要言简意赅，第三回顾历史要有重点，第四尊重科学实事求是。第五就是前言的内容部应该与摘要相同。
The introduction is the initial of academic paper writing is the lead .But also on the content and structure of the overall outline. If you want to write the preface, the first thing is to clarify the goals and tasks of this part of writing. Simple and clear explanation of the author of the study. The purpose of the work scope the theoretical basis research methods. experimental design. expect results meaning and so on. Now pay attention to the following five points. First, come to the point ,do not beat around the bush. Second concise and comprehensive Third, review the history and the focus of attention, Forth respect for science, seek truth from facts, Fifth the content should not be the same with the summary.
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学术论文英文题目和摘要的撰写方法
一、英文题名
1、题名的结构
英文题名以短语为主要形式，尤以名词短语(noun phrase)最常见，即题名基本上由1 个或几个名词加上其前置和(或)后置定语构成。短语型题名要确定好中心词，再进行前后修饰。各个词的顺序很重要，词序不当，会导致表达不准。题名一般不应是陈述句，因为题名主要起标示作用，而陈述句容易使题名具有判断式的语义；且陈述句不够精练和醒目，重点也不易突出。少数情况(评述性、综述性和驳斥性)下可以用疑问句做题名，疑问句可有探讨性语气，易引起读者兴趣。
2、题名的字数
题名不应过长。国外科技期刊一般对题名字数有所限制。例如，美国医学会规定题名不超过2 行，每行不超过42 个印刷符号和空格；英国数学会要求题名不超过12 个词。总的原则是，题名应确切、简练、醒目，在能准确反映论文特定内容的前提下，题名词数越少越好。
3、中英文题名的一致性
同一篇论文，其英文题名与中文题名内容上应一致，但不等于说词语要一一对应。在许多情况下，个别非实质性的词可以省略或变动。
4、题名中的冠词
科技论文题名中的冠词有简化的趋势，凡可用可不用的冠词均可不用。
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学术英语常用句式 Joseph Li 一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
Lack of interpersonal skills is one of the most serious defects that we have ever known about today’s college students.
缺乏人际交往技能是我们迄今所知的当今大学生的最大缺陷。
二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V
Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V
例句：For parents, nothing is more important than to educate children in a proper way.
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专业英语写作考点总结
Part ? Academic English Writing （专业英语写作） Chapter 1 Six Considerations in Academic Writing
1、Academic writing is a product of many consideration : audience, purpose and strategy ,organization, style, flow and presentation.
（学术写作六要素：写作对象，目的，组织结构，文体特征，表达连贯和宣讲 或宣读）。
2、Organization usually has the following four parts : 问题-解决方法包括四个部分
(1) description of a situation （描述情况）
(2) Identification of a problem （甄别问题）
(3) Description of a solution （描述解决方法）
(4) Evaluation of the solution （评估解决方法）
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学术论文写作
用英语写学术论文的目的主要有两个，一是参加国际学术会议，在会议上宣讲，促进学术交流；二是在国际学术刊物上发表，使国外同行了解自己的研究成果，同样也是出于学术交流的目的。
不同的学科或领域、不同的刊物对论文的格式有不同的要求，但各个领域的研究论文在文体和语言特点上都有许多共性。了解了这些语言共性，便会起到触类旁通的作用。
对我国青年学者或学生来说，用英语写作的难点不是没有写作材料，不是不熟悉专业词汇，也不是没有打下良好的英语基础。用英语写论文难，是因为不太了解学术英语的语言特点。关于学术英语写作的语言技巧，我们已在第一部分作了较详细的介绍。此部分讨论学术论文写作的方法，包括学术论文写作中常用的句型结构，我们都在此作较详细介绍，以便读者模仿练习，将写作工作化难为易。
一般来说，一篇完整规范的学术论文由以下各部分构成：
Title(标题)
Abstract(摘要)
Keywords(关键词)
Table of contents(目录)
Nomenclature(术语表)
Introduction(引言)
Method(方法)
Results(结果)
Discussion(讨论)
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专业英语写作考点总结
Part ? Academic English Writing （专业英语写作） Chapter 1 Six Considerations in Academic Writing
1、Academic writing is a product of many consideration : audience, purpose, organization, style, flow and presentation.
（学术写作六要素：写作对象，目的，组织结构，文体特征，表达连贯和宣讲 或宣读）。
2、Organization usually has the following four parts : 问题-解决方法包括四个部分
(1) description of a situation （描述情况）
(2) Identification of a problem （甄别问题）
(3) Description of a solution （描述解决方法）
(4) Evaluation of the solution （评估解决方法）
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