【背景知识】
独立宣言是一份于1776年7月4日由托玛斯?杰斐逊起草，并由其它13个殖民地代表签署的最初声明美国从英国独立的文件。早在独立前的一百多年间，欧洲启蒙思想就开始在北美传播，为《独立宣言》的发表奠定了理论基础。在欧洲启蒙思想的熏陶下，北美殖民地也产生了自己的启蒙思想家，代表人物是本杰明?富兰克林（1706-1790）和托马斯?杰斐逊（1743-1826），他们反对奴隶制，主张人民享有自由、平等的权利。并且喊出了：“没有代表权，就不得征税”（“No Taxation without Representation”）的口号。这句口号原本是英国政治的基本原则，在英国贵族与王室的斗争中使用过，但独立战争期间被殖民者用来捍卫自己的权利。
以下为美国独立宣言的全文内容：
The Declaration of Independence
IN CONGRESS, JULY 4,
1776 THE UNANIMOUS
DECLARATION OF THE
THIRTEEN UNITED
STATES OF AMERAICA
When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one
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The Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence of the Thirteen Colonies In CONGRESS, July 4, 1776
The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America,
When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
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在人类历史事件的进程中，当一个民族必须解除其与另一个民族之间迄今所存在着的政治联系，而在世界列国之中取得那“自然法则”和“自然神明”所规定给他们的独立与平等的地位时，就有一种真诚的尊重人类公意的心理，要求他们一定要把那些迫使他们不得已而独立的原因宣布出来。
我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，他们都从他们的“造物主”那边被赋予了某些不可转让的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。这句话早已脍炙人口，成为回响在世界的解放号角了。为了保障这些权利，所以才在人们中间成立政府。而政府的正当权力，则系得自统治者的同意。如果遇有任何一种形式的政府变成损害这些目的的话，那末，人民就有权利来改变它或废除它，以建立新的政府。这新的政府，必须是建立在这样的原则的基础上，并且是按照这样的方式来组织它的权力机关，庶几就人民看来那是最能够促进他们的安全和幸福的。诚然，谨慎的心理会主宰着人们的意识，认为不应该为了轻微的、暂时的原因而把设立已久的政府予以变更；而过去一切的经验也正是表明，只要当那些罪恶尚可容忍时，人类总是宁愿默然忍受，而不愿废除他们所习惯了的那种政治形式以恢复他们自己的权利。然而，当一个政府恶贯满盈、倒行逆施、一贯地奉行着那一个目标，显然是企图把人民抑压在绝对专制主义的淫威之下时，人民就有这种权利，人民就有这种义务，来推翻那样的政府，而为他们未来的安全设立新的保障这一段同样经典、精辟的语言，阐述了美国的立国原则，欧洲的“社会契约论”在北美大陆上结出丰硕的果实。
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The Declaration of Independence
《独立宣言》
IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776
1776年7月4日，国会
THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERAICA
《美利坚合众国十三个州的一致宣言》
When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws Nature and Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
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美国《独立宣言》中英文对照
The Declaration of Independence
IN CONGRESS, JULY 4,
1776 THE UNANIMOUS
DECLARATION OF THE
THIRTEEN UNITED
STATES OF AMERAICA
When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws Nature and Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
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美国独立宣言全文（中英对照）
The Declaration of Independence
IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776 THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERAICA
When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws Nature and Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
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THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
In Congress, July 4, 1776,
THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the Powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
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