被动语态

英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态

主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。在被动结构的句子中，动作的执行者可以由介词by引起的短语表示。 Everyone respects him.

He is respected by everyone.

被动语态的构成：助动词be + vt.pp （时态通过be表现出来）

1．常用时态（9种）的被动语态结构：以do 为例

1) 一般现在时

am \is \ are +done

（93）In some parts of the world, tea _____ with milk and sugar.

A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served

(04上海) The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ______ to eat more fruit and vegetables.

A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded

（08湖南）— Do you have any problems if you ______ this job?

— Well, I’m thinking about the salary….

A. offer B. will offer C. are offered D. will be offered

2) 一般过去时

was \were +done

（89）I _____ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.

A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given

(05北京) —Why did you leave that position?

—I _________ a better position at IBM.

A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered

（05上海）More than a dozen students in that school ____ abroad to study medicine last year.

A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent

（07全国）The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time.

A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell

（08重庆） He _____ as a national hero for winning the first gold metal for his country in the Olympics.

A. regarded B. was regarded C. has regarded D. had been regarded

3) 现在进行时

am \ is \ are + being done

(20xx春) A new cinema _____ here. They hope to finish it next month.

A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built

（06重庆）I have to go to work by taxi because my car ___________at the garage.

A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired

（08浙江卷） –What’s that noise?

–Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine ______.

A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been tested

（09江苏）--- Hi, Terry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?--- SorryA. It' s repaired B. It has been repairedC. It's being repaired D. It had been repaired

(09湖南）Would you please keep silent? The weather report ______and I want to listen.

A. is broadcast B. is being broadcast

C. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast

4) 过去进行时

was \were +being done

That road was being widened this time last year.

5) 一般将来时

will be + done

（20xx春）Hundreds of jobs _____ if the factory closes.

A. lose B. will be lost C. lost D. will lose

（06北京） ―Your job open for your return.

―Thanks.

A. will be kept B. will keep C. had kept D. had been kept

（08北京卷） No decision about any future appointment until all the

candidates have been interviewed.

A. will be made B. is made C. is being made D. has been made

6) 过去将来时

would be +done

Mary told us that a short play would be put on at the party.

（06湖南） In a room above the store, where a party ______, some workers were busily setting the table.

A. was to be held B. has been held C. will be held D. is being held

7) 现在完成时

have / has been +done

（20xx北春）All the preparations for the task _____, and we are ready to start.

A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed

(03北春) – How long _____ at this job?

-- Since 1990.

A. were you employed B. have you been employed

B. had you been employed D. will you be employed

(04) More patients ______ in hospital this year than last year.

A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated

（07北京）I got caught in the rain and my suit____.

A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined

（08安徽）I like these English songs and they ________many times on the radio.

A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught

（09全国卷I ）His sister left home in 1998, and ______since.

A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard of

C .had not heard of D .has not heard of

8) 过去完成时

had been +done

(20xx上春) The new suspension bridge _____ by the end of last month.

A. has been designed B had been designed

C. was designed D. would be designed

（20xx上春）By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _____ in Beijing.

A. would be completed B. was being completed

C. has been completed D. had been completed

（07江苏）At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement ______.

A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached

9) 将来完成时

（(04北京) The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ______ by 20xx.

A has been completed B. has completed

C. will have been completed D. will have completed 注意：被动语态没有完成进行时，也没有将来进行时态。如遇这类时态的主动变被动，改用现在完成时或一般将来时。

We have been discussing the problem for two days.

This problem has been discussed for two days.

2．被动语态的否定式和疑问式

否定式：在be 后加not

This problem hasn’t been discussed.

疑问式：将be移至主语之前

Are you often asked to do this work?

3．被动语态的用法：

1) 不知道动作的执行者（这时不带by 短语）

His bike was stolen yesterday.

2) 由于某种原因没必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者

I was told you were late this morning.

Such books are written for children.

3) 需要突出或强调动作的承受者时（动作的承受者是谈话的中心，这时常带有

by引起的短语）

Food is needed by every living thing.

This school is run by the trade union.

4) 有时被动结构能使句子得到更好的安排

They are going to build a library building here next year. It is going to be built right beside the office building.

( 若两句都用they作主语，则显得呆板)

4.主动形式、被动意义的动词

1) 英语中有些动词，用作vt.时，是主动形式，主动意义；但用作vi.时，是主动形式，被动意义，表示事物本身的性质。这些动词有：sell, open, close, wash, last, cut, measure, lock, read, write ,etc.

Oil burns easily.

The door won’t shut.

This poem doesn’t translate well.

The stone cuts easily.

This kind of cloth washes well.

(94) –Do you like the material?

--Yes, it ____ very soft.

A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt

(99上海) Books of this kind ____ well.